Diagnosis and Treatment of Small Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx: A Critical Review

1986 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfio Ferlito
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Microscopic Appearance ◽  
First Case ◽  
Laryngeal Mucosa ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Larynx

Small cell carcinoma of the larynx is an uncommon neuroendocrine tumor with particular pathologic, therapeutic, and prognostic connotations. The first case of this lesion was observed in Canada in 1972. Fourteen cases of small cell carcinoma of the larynx were observed in the Ear, Nose, and Throat Department of Padua University in a series of 3,284 primary and secondary laryngeal and hypopharyngeal malignant neoplasms. This number constitutes the largest collection from a single institution in the literature and brings the total recorded cases to 66. The tumor is thought to arise from the argyrophilic Kulchitsky cells normally found in laryngeal mucosa. The diagnosis is based on the light microscopic appearance of the neoplasm and can be confirmed by electron microscopy. The differential diagnosis must be made from carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, small cell squamous carcinoma, small cell ductal carcinoma, lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, and metastatic lung small cell cancer. Systemic chemotherapy with radiation therapy is the accepted manner of treatment today. The survival of the patients treated with these modalities may be significantly improved, and some patients may be cured.

Primary, combined, atypical carcinoid and squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: a new variety of composite tumour

2009 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
C R Davies-Husband ◽  
P Montgomery ◽  
D Premachandra ◽  
H Hellquist
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Atypical Carcinoid ◽  
Typical Carcinoid ◽  
First Case ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Larynx

AbstractObjective:We report the first case of a laryngeal composite tumour consisting of a squamous cell carcinoma combined with an atypical carcinoid.Methods:Case report and review of the literature concerning laryngeal composite tumours.Results:Primary laryngeal carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the upper aerodigestive tract. The vast majority are of the squamous cell type. Primary neuroendocrine neoplasms represent a rare, heterogeneous subset of laryngeal malignancies, comprising typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, small cell carcinoma and paraganglioma. Primary combined neuroendocrine and squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx is even more rarely encountered, with only 14 publications of this so-called composite tumour to date. In each case, the neuroendocrine component has been small cell carcinoma.Conclusion:The treatment of primary neoplasms comprising more than one histological type is tailored to the most biologically aggressive tumour. Accurate diagnosis of the histological nature of laryngeal composite tumours is imperative to ensure optimal therapy.

Primary Combined Squamous and Small Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (11) ◽  
pp. 1279-1282
Author(s):  
Vilkesh R. Jaiswal ◽  
Mai P. Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Laryngeal Carcinomas ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Larynx ◽  
Combined Small Cell Carcinoma

Abstract Primary laryngeal carcinomas comprise approximately 2% to 5% of all malignancies worldwide. Of these laryngeal carcinomas, approximately 99% are primary squamous cell carcinomas. During the past 30 years, about 160 cases of primary small cell carcinoma of the larynx have been reported. Combined primary squamous and small cell carcinoma of the larynx, the so-called composite tumor of the larynx, is even more rare, with only 13 published cases to date. Although the major risk factors for developing these composite tumors of the larynx are thought to be similar to other more common neoplasms of the larynx, such as squamous cell carcinoma, the treatment and prognosis are different. We report an additional case of combined small cell carcinoma of the larynx and discuss the histogenesis of this unusual neoplasm.

scholarly journals First Case of Cellular Cannibalism in Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder Detected in Peripheral Blood

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-402
Author(s):  
Hyein Kang ◽  
Do-Hoon Kim ◽  
Wonmok Lee ◽  
Jungsook Ha ◽  
Namhee Ryoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
First Case ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Bladder

scholarly journals Primary small cell carcinoma of the larynx. Survival time of 47 months. Case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Raposo ◽  
A. Marco ◽  
M.E. García-Solano ◽  
M.J. Martínez-Ortiz ◽  
F. García-Purriños ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Small Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Larynx

Small Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx: A Case Report

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ossama Hamid ◽  
Lobna El Fiky ◽  
Lobna Ezz El Arab ◽  
Yasser El Beltagy ◽  
Ragaa Amin
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Larynx

Neuro-endocrine tumours of the head and neck

1990 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 504-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Soussi ◽  
A. Benghiat ◽  
C. S. Holgate ◽  
B. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Small Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Large Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Endocrine Tumours ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Larynx

AbstractWe report two types of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the head and neck, small cell carcinoma of the ethmoid and large cell carcinoma of the larynx, demonstrating a differential response to radiotherapy.

scholarly journals Immune Exclusion Is Frequent in Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Mandelkow ◽  
Niclas C. Blessin ◽  
Eva Lueerss ◽  
Laura Pott ◽  
Ronald Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Small Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Urothelial Carcinomas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cell Bladder Cancer

Small-cell cancer of the urinary bladder is a rare but highly aggressive disease. It is currently unclear whether immune checkpoint therapies that have been approved for urothelial carcinomas will also be efficient in small-cell carcinomas. In this study, we analyzed potential predictors of response including PD-L1 expression and the quantity and location of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in 12 small-cell and 69 “classical” urothelial cancers by immunohistochemistry. The analysis revealed that small-cell carcinomas were characterized by the virtual absence of PD-L1 expression and an “immune-excluded” phenotype with only a few TILs in the center of the tumor (CT). In small-cell carcinomas, the average immune cell density in the CT (CD3: 159±206, CD8: 87±169 cells/mm2) was more than 3 times lower than that in the urothelial carcinomas (CD3: 625±800, p<0.001; CD8: 362±626 cells/mm2, p=0.004) while there was no significant difference in the immune cell density at the invasive margin (IM) (small-cell carcinomas CD3: 899±733, CD8: 404±433 cells/mm2; urothelial carcinomas CD3: 1167±1206, p=0.31; CD8: 582±864 cells/mm2, p=0.27). Positive PD-L1 staining was found in 39% of urothelial cancers, but in only 8% of small-cell bladder cancer cases (p=0.04). Concordant with these data, a sharp decrease of PD-L1 positivity from >80% to 0% positive cells and of TILS in the CT from 466-1063 CD3-positive cells/mm2 to 50-109 CD3-positive cells/mm2 was observed in two cancers with clear-cut progression from “classical” urothelial to small-cell carcinoma. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that small-cell bladder cancer commonly exhibits an immune-excluded phenotype.

Expression of cadherins, p53, and BCL2 in small cell carcinomas of the cervix: Potential tumor suppressor role for N-cadherin

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Zarka ◽  
A. C. Han ◽  
M. I. Edelson ◽  
N. G. Rosenblum
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
E Cadherin

Cadherins are tissue-specific cell adhesion molecules that function as tumor suppressors. Analysis of cadherin expression is useful for differentiation of tumor histogenesis, and because they serve as markers of tumor behavior and prognosis. Since the pattern of cadherin expression is not well characterized for small cell carcinoma of the cervix, we examined cases of these tumors for expression of cadherins, and two other oncoproteins p53 and BCL2. Four cases of small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas were identified from the Gynecologic Oncology Service with diagnoses confirmed by immunohistochemistry for neuroendocrine markers. Archival paraffin blocks were studied by heat-enhanced immunohistochemistry using commercially available antibodies specific for E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, p53, and BCL2. Sections were examined for specific membrane staining of cadherins, nuclear staining of p53, and cytoplasmic staining of BCL2. E-cadherin was expressed in three of four cases, P-cadherin in one of four, and N-cadherin in none of four cases. P53 was expressed in one of four cases and BCL2 in one of four cases. The four cases showed three different patterns of immunohistochemical staining for the five oncoproteins. Specifically, two cases expressed E-cadherin only; one case lacked all three cadherins, was negative for BCL2, and was only positive for p53; and one case expressed E- and P-cadherin and BCL2. Prior studies of other neuroendocrine and small cell tumors of other organs showed E-cadherin expressed in 98% (42 /43), N-cadherin in 65% (28/43), and P-cadherin in 40% (17/43) of cases. Additionally, one case of vaginal small cell carcinoma showed expression of all three cadherins. The only significant difference between cervical primaries and other primary sites is that N-cadherin was not detected in our four cases vs. 65% expression in other sites (P < 0.001). We conclude that cadherin and oncoprotein profiles in small cell carcinoma of the cervix are different in the four cases analyzed. Additional cases need to be studied to determine the specificity and frequency of these oncoprotein profiles for small cell carcinoma of the cervix. These may possibly represent different oncogenic pathways in development of small cell cancer of the cervix. Also, our results suggest that N-cadherin may be a tumor suppressor gene in these tumors.

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