Middle Ear Mucosa in Rats and Humans

1986 ◽  
Vol 95 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Albiin ◽  
Lars-Eric Stenfors ◽  
Sten Hellström ◽  
Anna Cerne
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Subepithelial Layer

The purposes of the study were a) to review thoroughly the literature and summarize it in a standardized fashion; b) to study the mucosa, including the distribution of mast cells, in all parts of the middle ear cavity in rats; and c) to compare the experimental findings with those known in humans. Adult, healthy rats were studied by light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopic techniques. The ciliated and secretory cells of the rat tympanic cavity are confined to two tracts, one anterior and one inferoposterior to the promontory. The tracts connect the epitympanum with the eustachian tube. The pars flaccida exhibits the highest density of mast cells, but mast cells are also distributed in the subepithelial layer of the tracts and in the floor of the tympanic bulla. The structure of the rat mucosa shows striking similarities to that of humans. Thus, from a morphological point of view, the rat seems to be a suitable model for middle ear studies. However, to be able to compare results obtained in different species and/or different laboratories, the areas of the middle ear from which the specimens have been taken must be carefully defined and presented in a standardized manner.

Regenerated Middle Ear Mucosa after Tympanoplasty. Part I. Transmission Electron Microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Gamoletti ◽  
Paola Poggi ◽  
Mario Sanna ◽  
Carlo Zini
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Canal Wall ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ultrastructural Appearance

The ultrastructural appearance of the regenerated middle ear mucosa—found at the second operation of staged intact canal wall tympanoplasty (ICWT) with mastoidectomy—has been evaluated with the transmission electron microscope. The regenerated epithelium showed all the morphologic characteristics of the normal middle ear mucosa: ciliated cells, noncillated cells, and secretory cells. All of these (Including goblet cells) have been found in the specimens. It is concluded that a normal middle ear mucosa regenerates to cover all denuded bone surfaces after the first operation of staged ICWT with mastoidectomy, when silicone rubber sheeting has been used to prevent adhesions and maintain an air-containing middle ear space.

Ultrastructure of the Middle Ear Mucosa

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Hentzer
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Secretory Product ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Loose Connective Tissue ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Subepithelial Layer

Histologic studies of recent years have definitely concluded that the epithelium of the middle ear is a modified respiratory epithelium with ciliated and secretory cells, including goblet cells. These cells, like the ciliated cells, are developd from the basal cell and are just ordinary secretory cells completely filled with secretory granules. For different reasons it is postulated, that the dark secretory granules are prestages of the actual secretory product presenting as light granules and that dark and light granules do not represent different secretory capacities of the cell. The subepithelial layer which consists of loose connective tissue is a structure of just as great importance as the epithelial layer.

Ultrastructural evidence for bladder MAST cell degranulation and their imminent association with nerve fibers in patients with interstitial cystitis

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
F. He ◽  
M. Hofmeister ◽  
T. Ratliff ◽  
M. Becich
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cystitis ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Human Bladder ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Transmission Electron

The ultrastructure of human mast cells (HMCs) in various diseases has been well documented; however, detailed morphological description of human bladder mast cells (HBMCs) in patients with interstitial cystitis (IC) is incomplete. The present study was undertaken to reveal any morphological modifications of human bladder mast cells (HBMCs) from the IC patients and to investigate the spatial relationships between nerve fibers and these mast cells at the ultrastructural level.Fresh-fixed surgical biopsy specimens from IC patients as well as paraffin blocks of IC retrieved through our medical record archival system were processed with routine and deparaffinization methods for transmission electron microscopy (1). No differences in mast cell morphology were noticed between the fresh-fixed or paraffin embedded tissues.The general electron microscopic appearances of the HBMCs in IC located in both mucosa and muscle layers were similar to those of HMCs observed in other sites where mastocytosis may occur due to various pathological processes (Fig. 1).

Middle ear adenoma: A case report with ultrastructural findings

1986 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin R. Bailey ◽  
John M. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Benign Tumour ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Middle Ear Adenoma ◽  
Rare Benign Tumour ◽  
Ultrastructural Findings

AbstractA 56-year-old woman presented with unilateral tinnitus and hearing loss for 18 months. A middle ear mass was detected clinically. At operation, the tumour was found to have eroded the stapes. The light and electron microscopic features of the tumour were those of a middle ear adenoma. This rare benign tumour has an excellent prognosis. Erosion of an ossicle has not been previously associated with this tumour.Benign adenomatous tumours arising from middle ear mucosa are rare (Mills and Fechner, 1984). The term adenoma of middle ear was proposed by Hyams and Michales (1976), and their review of 20 cases emphasized the benign behaviour of these tumours. We report a case of middle ear adenoma in which ossicular erosion occurred.

scholarly journals Evidence for the Primo Vascular System above the Epicardia of Rat Hearts

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho-Sung Lee ◽  
Jeong Yim Lee ◽  
Dae-In Kang ◽  
Se Hoon Kim ◽  
Inhyung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Rat Heart ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
First Time

We for the first time reported evidence for the existence of a novel network, a PVS, abovethe epicardium of the rat heart. (1) We were consecutively able to visualize the PVs and the PNs above the epicardial spaces of five rats’ hearts by using Cr-Hx spraying or injection. (2) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and toluidine blue staining of the PVs and the PNs showed that they consisted of a basophilic matrix; specifically the PNs contained several mast cells, some of which were degranulating into pericardial space. Also, 4′, 6-diamidino-2 phenylindole (DAPI) images of the PVs and the PNs showed that they contained various kinds of cells. (3) Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) longitudinal image of the PVs showed that the sinuses contained many granules with high-electron-density cores in parallel with putative endothelial cells. (4) TEM images of the PNs demonstrated that they consisted of lumen-containing cells surrounded by fibers and that they had mast cells that were degranulating toward the epicardium of the rat heart. The above data suggest that mast-cells-containing novel network exists above the epicardium of the rat heart.

Fine Structures of the Normal Mucosa in Developing Rat Middle Ear

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (5_suppl2) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoichi Maeda ◽  
Goro Mogi ◽  
Motow Oh
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Developing Rat ◽  
Fetal Stage

Forty-two fetal and 90 developing young rats were studied electron microscopically to obtain a normal cellular distribution pattern of middle ear mucosa. The results showed that while ciliated columnar or cuboidal cells interspersed with secretory cells were predominantly distributed around the tympanic orifice and transitional zone, cuboidal or squamous nonciliated cells without secretory granules were numerous in the remaining part of the bulla. Development of ciliated cells started at the 17th or 18th fetal day, paralleling that of secretory cells. The number of ciliated and secretory cells increased rapidly after birth. Glands were not found in the osseous tube, tympanic orifice, or other portions of the middle ear cavity in fetal, newborn, or suckling rats, while they are abundant in the cartilaginous portion of the tube. The findings of this study indicate that both secretory and ciliated cells are normal components of middle ear mucosa although these cells are restricted to the tympanic orifice and transitional zone, and that the mucociliary defense system starts to develop during the fetal stage.

Secretory Lysozyme of the Human Middle Ear Mucosa: Immunocytochemical Localization

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Lim ◽  
Yea S. Liu ◽  
Herbert Birck
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Immunocytochemical Localization ◽  
Biochemical Finding ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Specific Granules ◽  
Neutrophilic Leukocytes ◽  
Morphological Finding ◽  
Human Middle Ear ◽  
Serous Otitis Media

Lysozyme was demonstrated by an immunocytochemical technique in the biopsied mucosa obtained from the promontory of the fifteen patients who had chronic middle ear effusions. Lysozyme was localized in the mucigen granules of the secretory cells, as well as in the specific granules of the polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMN) and macrophages. The specimens obtained from patients with mucous effusions showed numerous secretory cells that contained lysozyme, in sharp contrast to the serous type in which only a few secretory cells could be found. The present morphological finding was in agreement with the biochemical finding which demonstrated higher lysozyme level in mucous effusions than that of the serous type. It was concluded that human middle ear mucosa provided lysozyme and that its secretion was active in serous otitis media, particularly of mucoid type.

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