Enhanced Chemiluminescent Assay for Measuring the Total Antioxidant Capacity of Serum, Saliva and Crevicular Fluid

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
I L C Chapple ◽  
G I Mason ◽  
I Garner ◽  
J B Matthews ◽  
G H Thorpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Water Soluble Vitamin ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

This paper reports the development of an enhanced chemiluminescent (ECL) assay for measuring the total antioxidant (AO) capacity of serum, saliva and a fluid collectable from the gum margin called gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). The theory behind the assay is explained, and the optimum conditions for the assay, and for storage of reagents and clinical samples is described. Calibration lines were linear ( R≥0·99; P<0·0001) and the within batch coefficient of variations for a water soluble vitamin E analogue (Trolox), serum and saliva samples were <5%. In saliva and GCF, a characteristic AO response not seen in serum of the same patients, was identified. Total peripheral (serum) and local (saliva) AO capacities (μmol/L Trolox) were investigated in patients with ( n = 18) and without ( n = 16) adult periodontitis. Serum AO status did not differ between groups. Salivary total AO concentrations were lower in the periodontitis (P) group [175 (53)μmol/L] than in the nonperiodontitis (NP) group [254 (110)μmol/L1: P<0·01], as were saliva:serum AO ratio's [0·37 (0·11) versus 0·5 (0·18): P<0·01]. Periodontitis patients may have a reduced salivary AO concentration, which could result from, or predispose to, the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The potential for ROS production in the oral and periodontal environment may explain the presence of a specific antioxidant in oral fluids that is not detectable in serum. The ECL assay described provides a rapid, simple and reproducible method of measuring total antioxidant defence in small volumes of biological fluids.

scholarly journals Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 as an Inflammatory and Prevention Biomarker in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Majid ◽  
Saeed Alassiri ◽  
Nilminie Rathnayake ◽  
Taina Tervahartiala ◽  
Dirk-Rolf Gieselmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Strong Potential ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Levels of and especially the degree of activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8) in oral fluids (i.e., saliva, mouth rinse, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implantitis sulcular fluid (PISF)) increase to pathologically elevated levels in the periodontal and peri-implant diseases. This study aimed at collecting and collating data from previously published studies and determining whether active MMP-8 (aMMP-8) could serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prevention of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. The literature search identified a total of 284 articles. Out of 284 articles, 61 articles were found to be relevant. Data obtained from the selected studies were combined, and it indicated that aMMP-8 in oral fluids exerts the strong potential to serve as a useful adjunctive diagnostic and preventive biotechnological tool in periodontal and peri-implant diseases. aMMP-8 can be used alone or in combination with other proinflammatory and/or microbiological biomarkers.

Effect of dioxin exposure on several indices of blood redox status in lactating buffalo cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Stefania Spagnuolo ◽  
Fiorella Sarubbi ◽  
Cristina Rossetti ◽  
Giuseppe Grazioli ◽  
Giulia Pia Di Meo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Group A ◽  
Dioxin Exposure ◽  
Group B ◽  
Gpx Activity

Dioxins are lipophilic compounds with a small molecular weight and are highly persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic. Dioxin detoxification is associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In physiological conditions the body is protected against ROS and their toxic products by a wide range of antioxidant systems. We hypothesize that the imbalance between ROS production, associated with dioxin exposure, and the antioxidant defence capacity, may lead to oxidative stress, with consequent increased consumption of antioxidants and accumulation of toxic compounds in blood and tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of exposure to dioxins on the plasma redox status of lactating buffalo cows. To this aim, the major liposoluble (retinol and α-tocopherol) and water-soluble (ascorbate) antioxidants, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as well as specific protein oxidation markers (protein bound carbonyls and nitro-tyrosine) and lipid oxidation markers (hydroperoxides), were chosen as indices of blood redox status. The concentration of antioxidants, protein-bound carbonyls (PC), nitro-tyrosine (N-Tyr), and hydroperoxides (LPO), the SOD and GPx activity, and the TAC were measured in plasma samples obtained from buffalo cows exposed to environmental levels of dioxins higher (n=21, group A) or lower (n=29; group B) than those permitted. Plasma titres of antioxidants, as measured by HPLC, and the total antioxidant capacity, as measured by trolox equivalents capacity, were higher in group B than in A. Similarly, SOD and GPx activities were higher in group B than in A. Conversely, plasma levels of PC, N-Tyr and LPO, as measured by ELISA, were higher in group A than in B. Our results suggest that exposure to dioxins impairs the plasma antioxidant defence system of lactating buffalo cows, and that metabolic processes associated with dioxin detoxification might induce or enhance oxidation of protein and lipids. This adverse effect on blood redox status might have negative implications for animal health and reproduction, and might compromise animal welfare.

scholarly journals The Ability of Quantitative, Specific, and Sensitive Point-of-Care/Chair-Side Oral Fluid Immunotests for aMMP-8 to Detect Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Alassiri ◽  
Pirjo Parnanen ◽  
Nilminie Rathnayake ◽  
Gunnar Johannsen ◽  
Anna-Maria Heikkinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Disease Specific

The analysis of the disease-specific oral and systemic biomarkers in saliva and oral fluids (i.e., mouth rinse, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and peri-implantitis fluid (PISF)) is demanding. Several hosts and microbial factors may influence their expression, release, and levels. The type of saliva/oral fluids utilized for the diagnostics affects the analysis. High sensitivity and specificities together with sophisticated methods and techniques are essential for valuable outcome. We describe here recently developed practical, convenient, inexpensive, noninvasive, and quantitative mouth rinse and PISF/GCF/chair-side/point-of-care (PoC) lateral-flow aMMP-8 immunoassays (PerioSafe and ImplantSafe/ORALyser) to detect, predict, and monitor successfully the course, treatment, and prevention of periodontitis and peri-implantitis, respectively. The tests have been independently and successfully validated to differentiate periodontal and peri-implant health and disease in Finland, Germany, Netherland, Sweden, Turkey, Nigeria, Malawi, and USA. The clinical use of salivary/oral fluid biomarkers to identify oral and systemic conditions requires additional studies utilizing these noninvasive screening, diagnostic, and preventive aMMP-8 PoC/chair-side technologies.

scholarly journals Total Oxidant and Antioxidant Capacity of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva in Patients with Periodontitis: Review and Clinical Study

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Toczewska ◽  
Mateusz Maciejczyk ◽  
Tomasz Konopka ◽  
Anna Zalewska
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Clinical Indices ◽  
Total Antioxidative Capacity ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Periodontitis is inextricably linked to oxidative-reductive (redox) imbalance. However, little is still known about the resultant ability to scavenge oxygen free radicals in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in patients with periodontitis. The multitude of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and their synergistic effects cause an interest in the evaluation of the total antioxidative capacity. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate the total oxidative and antioxidative activity of gingival crevicular fluid and saliva in the periodontitis, as well as to relate these biomarkers to clinical indices of periodontopathy. Additionally, by calculating the oxidative stress index (OSI), the intensity of redox disturbances was also evaluated. Fifty-eight periodontitis patients were included in the study and divided into two subgroups depending on the severity of the disease. In the non-stimulated/stimulated saliva as well as a gingival crevicular fluid of the study group, we found significantly higher OSI and total oxidant status (TOS) as well as lower total antioxidant capacity (TAC). However, the ability to reduce iron ions (FRAP) was significantly lower only in stimulated and non-stimulated saliva of patients with periodontitis. The examined parameters correlated with the periodontium’s clinical condition, which indicates the exacerbation of the inflammatory process. However, TAC, TOS, OSI, and FRAP did not differentiate individual stages of periodontitis.

scholarly journals Correlation of Hepatitis C Antibody Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva of Hepatitis C Seropositive Hemodialysis Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gökhan Açıkgöz ◽  
Murat İnanç Cengiz ◽  
İlker Keskiner ◽  
Şereften Açıkgöz ◽  
Murat Can ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Hcv Transmission ◽  
Hcv Antibody ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Antibody Levels

Search for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in body fluids other than blood is important when assessing possible nonparenteral routes of viral transmission. However, the role of oral fluids in HCV transmission remains controversial. Our aim was to compare the prevalence of HCV antibody (HCV Ab) levels in saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of HCV seropositive hemodialysis patients. Serum, saliva and GCF samples were collected from thirty-nine patients. Samples were analyzed for HCV Ab using the Ortho HCV 3.0 SAVe enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HCH Ab levels in saliva and GCF of all HCV-seropositive patients were statistically compared. Reported here are the results of the study designed to determine the correlation between HCV-RNA positivity in serum and the detection of antibodies in GCF and saliva. One hundred percent (100%) of the 39 patients have antibodies to HCV in their serum, 15.4% have antibodies to HCV in GCF, and saliva found out. HCV Ab seropositivity in GCF and saliva was significantly correlated (kappa = 0.462; ). This study supports the concept that GCF may be a significant source of HCV in saliva.

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