scholarly journals When Running for Office Runs in the Family: Horizontal Dynasties, Policy, and Development in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
pp. 001041402110242
Author(s):  
Dean Dulay ◽  
Laurence Go
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
The Family ◽  
Growth Economic

Political dynasties exist in practically every type of democracy, but take different forms in different places. Yet the types of dynastic structures have remained unexplored. We argue that horizontal dynasties—multiple members from the same political family holding different political offices concurrently—affect policymaking by replacing potential political rivals, who may oppose an incumbent’s policy choices, with a member of the family. But in developing countries, the policy change that accrues from dynastic status may not lead to higher levels of economic development. We test this argument’s implications in the Philippines. Using a close elections regression discontinuity design on a sample of mayors, we show that (i) horizontally dynastic mayors have higher levels of government spending, (ii) direct institutional constraints are the mechanism that drives this core result, and (iii) horizontally dynastic mayors do not lead to higher economic growth economic growth or lower poverty.

scholarly journals DAMPAK KEBEBASAN EKONOMI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI

Media Ekonomi ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Agustina Suparyati
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Growth Economic ◽  
Business Freedom

<p>The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of economic development on economic growth. Economic freedom as an indicator of the progress of a country's welfare level consisting of 10 constituent components namely Property Rights, Freedom from Corruption, Fiscal Freedom, Government Spending, Business Freedom or Regulatory Freedom, Labor Freedom, Monetary Freedom, Freedom Trade, Investment Freedom and Financial Freedom. This study uses annual quantitative data in the span of time between 2001-2012 with the object of research in developed countries in Asia (Japan, China, South Korea and Singapore) and developing countries in Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Laos, Thailand, Philippines, Singapore and Vietnam ) The results obtained that in ASEAN countries the variables that affect economic growth are variables of right property, business freedom, trade freedom and financial freedom while in developed countries in Asia, the components of influential economic freedom are property right, freedom from corruption, government spending, monetary freedom , business freedom, and financial freedom.</p>

scholarly journals Election Administration, Resource Allocation, and Turnout: Evidence From Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 001041402093808
Author(s):  
J. Andrew Harris
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Election Administration ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Policy Choices

Decisions about how to organize and run an election can shape political participation. Policy choices may distribute election resources unequally, skewing voting outcomes. In low- and middle-income countries where electoral capacity and resources are scarce and decision-making highly centralized, election administration has the potential to shape results on a large scale. In the context of Kenya’s August 2017 elections, I study the consequences of a legislated threshold that determines the capacity of polling centers to quickly serve voters by reducing election-day lines. Using a regression discontinuity design, I find that turnout is 2.4% lower in congested polling places just below the threshold relative to polling places above the threshold. Relative to other hypothetical thresholds, the chosen threshold benefits the incumbent president, as incumbent strongholds receive more polling resources than opposition areas. The results demonstrate how electoral resource allocation shapes political behavior and election outcomes.

Bypassing the Enemy: Distributive Politics, Credit Claiming, and Nonstate Organizations in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália S. Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Distributive Politics ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Credit Claiming ◽  
Original Survey

How do incumbents prevent the opposition from claiming credit for government programs? The received scholarly wisdom is that central government authorities favor copartisans in lower tiers of government to reward allies and punish opponents. Yet this depiction ignores the range of strategies available to incumbents at the center. I argue that another effective strategy is to channel resources through nonstate organizations, thus bypassing the opposition and reducing “credit hijacking.” Using a regression-discontinuity design with data from Brazil, I show that mayors from the president’s party receive more resources, but that the election of an opposition mayor induces the central government to shift resources to nonstate organizations that operate in the locality. Original survey data, fieldwork, and data on organizations’ leaders support the claim that opposition mayors do not hijack credit from government spending through nonstate organizations.

scholarly journals Growth And Oil Futures Prices In Developing Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah Abosedra ◽  
Sajal Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Futures Markets ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Spot Price ◽  
Futures Prices ◽  
Oil Futures ◽  
Short Run

This paper examines cointegration and causality between oil prices and economic growth for the oil importing developing countries of Turkey, India, Pakistan, The Philippines and Korea. The study finds the absence of cointegrating relationship between oil prices and economic activity but the existence of unidirectional short-run causality running from oil prices to economic growths for The Philippines and Pakistan. Unidirectional causality is also found to exist from six and nine month futures prices to economic growth for India and Turkey in a bivariate vector autoregression framework. The study fails to establish causal relationship between oil prices and economic growth for Korea, while for India and Turkey, non-causality has been established between oil spot price and economic growth. Hence, our results may suggest that oil futures markets will have more of a role to play in the economy as these markets mature and or as oil prices continue to increase.

How valuable is a legislative seat? Incumbency effects in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Micozzi ◽  
Adrián Lucardi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Additional Term ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Executive Positions ◽  
Chamber Of Deputies

AbstractIn many developing countries, national legislative seats are considered less valuable than (subnational) executive positions. Even then, ambitious politicians may seek a legislative seat either (a) as awindow of opportunityfor jumping to an executive office; or (b) as aconsolation prizewhen no better option is available. Using a regression discontinuity design adapted to aprsetting, we examine these possibilities in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies between 1983 and 2011. In line with the consolation prize story, we find that marginal candidates from the Peronist party—which controls most provincial governorships—are more likely to be renominated and serve an additional term in the legislature, but not necessarily to jump to an executive office. The effect is stronger in small provinces.

Politics and Local Economic Growth: Evidence from India

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Asher ◽  
Paul Novosad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Share Prices ◽  
Local Economic Growth ◽  
Night Lights ◽  
Ruling Party

Political favoritism affects the allocation of government resources, but is it consequential for growth? Using a close election regression discontinuity design and data from India, we measure the local economic impact of being represented by a politician in the ruling party. Favoritism leads to higher private sector employment, higher share prices of firms, and increased output as measured by night lights; the three effects are similar and economically substantive. Finally, we present evidence that politicians influence firms primarily through control over the implementation of regulation. (JEL D72, L51, O17, O18, O43, R11)

scholarly journals Free trade relations between Iran and India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2320-2323
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
Growth Economic

In today's turbulent and complicated world, many developing countries have placed priority on free trade and investment in the various sectors of the economy in order to stay on the path of development and economic growth. Free trade and the formation of capital as one of the vital variables of growth Economic is considered, which will increase the productive forces of society through the production of capital goods, in order to enable them to produce the necessary commodities. The role of free trade and foreign investment in the planning of developing countries that now have high economic growth cannot be ignored. In India and Iran, the history of trade and investment has been formed more or less parallel to investment developments in different countries of the world. But the course of its evolutions and fluctuations in the course of international trade and the inflow of foreign capital have been more influenced by political developments and the specific political conditions of countries in different periods of time, and only economic goals have not been effective in this process. Hence, according to the information obtained through the primary and secondary data, India-Iran trade relations are positive and developing.

Development of Energy Saving Multi-Fuel Cooking Stove

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Garcia ◽  
Manuel A. Bajet, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
The Family ◽  
Scrap Iron ◽  
Fuel Material

The Philippines is typical of many developing countries where the majority ofthe population has low income. With the present economic crisis happening dueto the increase of oil prices, housewives are very much worried in budgeting familyexpenditures. They find hard to budget the day to day needs of the family. Thus,the need to design and develop a low consuming, multiple feed cooking stove, yetcomparably performs with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), kerosene and electric stove,would somehow ease the day to day expenditure. Energy Saver Multi-Fed CookingStove was structured and made up of scrap iron bars sheet and a pipe welded together.It has a chimney and an ash tray. Multi- Fuel in the sense that it can be fuelledwith firewood, charcoal like corn cobs, tobacco stalks, and others which were usuallyburned when the farmers lack knowledge in making use into fertilizer. Qualitativetesting was done in cooking different food was done to identify the cooking fuelconsumption. Using firewood is more economical in cooking with rice, vegetabledishes, boiling of fruits and root crops. While cooking meat and frying fish, charcoalis also more economical. In cooking different foods, it is significantly different fromone another of fuel material. This implies that all the fuel materials are significantlydifferent in terms of cooking different foods. Furthermore, cooking different foods issignificantly different in all cooking stoves like LPG, kerosene, clay and electric stove. Keywords: Conserve Energy Develop Multi-feed Cooking Stove Vigan City.Ilocos Sur, Philippines

scholarly journals Political Dynasties and the Incumbency Advantage in Party-Centered Environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 706-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
JON H. FIVA ◽  
DANIEL M. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Organizational Networks ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Incumbency Advantage ◽  
Level Data

A handful of recent studies have investigated the causal effect of incumbency on dynasty formation in candidate-centered electoral contexts. We use candidate-level data and a regression discontinuity design to estimate the incumbency advantage and its relation to dynasty formation in the party-centered, closed-list, proportional-representation setting of Norway. The results indicate that the incumbency advantage exists even in this party-centered environment; however, in contrast to recent findings for the United States and the Philippines, we find no evidence that incumbency is important to the formation of dynasties. This finding underscores the need for more research into the role of internal party organizational networks in the perpetuation of political dynasties.

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