Identifying the Elements of State Power

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEWIS W. SNIDER
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
State Power ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Domestic Policy ◽  
Government Performance ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Theoretical Rationale ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Policy Adjustment ◽  
International Environment

Many measures of state power are defined in terms of the material capabilities of states, but ignore important differentials in the state's capacity to convert material resources into political power. This paper presents a theoretical rationale for a measure of government performance that takes into account differentials in a political system's susceptibility to external shocks from the global environment and its ability to respond to these through domestic policy adjustment. This approach differs from other empirical definitions of power in that it taps a government's strength with respect to its own society and to the international environment. The paper's main contribution is to describe and to operationalize a way of evaluating state power with respect to both the global environment and to society, based on the twin functions of penetration and extraction.

scholarly journals The diversity of tactics: Anarchism and political power

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Frazer
Keyword(s):  
Review Essay ◽  
Political Power ◽  
State Power ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
Power Base

This review essay focusses on Gelderloos's normative theory of diversity of tactics. The book is worth serious attention by political theorists because of its sustained analysis of violence, nonviolence, tactics and strategy, but the normative theory fails. The essay endorses Gelderloos's nuanced analysis of the violence-nonviolence distinction and aspects of his account of tactics-strategy-goals. But the concepts ‘state' and ‘politics' are both treated by him in an overly simple way. Although aspects of his account show how complex any state-society distinction is, in other contexts he suggests that it is easy for actors to divide state enemies from oppressed society friends. He rejects politics as the capture of state power for dominating and self-interested purposes, and dismisses all other aspects of political power, institutions and relationships. He thereby denies any role for politics in the sustainability of the anarchist activism he wishes to defend and endorse. In particular his disavowal of any political power base to coalitions, means that coalitional action can only be depicted as evanescent and episodic, while anarchist action is premissed on putting fellow actors who are not comrades beyond the realm of care of concern.

scholarly journals From a Confucian Literati to a Military General: Li Hung Chang’s Views of Western Technology (1885-1896)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Haixia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
State Power ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Western Science ◽  
Historical Time

<p class="1Body">This paper focuses on Li Hung Chang (1823-1901)’s visit to England and America in 1896, to rethink and revaluate the importat role Li played at that historical time. Li Hung Chang toured Europe and America in 1896 as an imperial envoy of the first rank. Although some aspects of Li’s career and evaluation have been given monographic treatment, there is yet little study on his comments on his attitudes toward Western science and technology. This paper augues that if modernization is a matter of modern state power as an army, navy, or diplomatic corps, then Li was certainly a modernizer. But if modernization is a deeper process of organizational and institutional change, Li was not a determined modernizer. In fact, Li relied heavily on patronage even when he could exercise legitimate political power, in order to adovocate Self-Strengthening Movement.</p>

Tutorial for Abstract Semantic Associative Network Training (AbSANT): Theoretical Rationale, Step-by-Step Protocol, and Material Resources

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Chaleece W. Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Theoretical Rationale ◽  
Associative Network ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Network Training ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
Abstract Words ◽  
Concrete Words

Purpose: The availability of evidence-based therapies for abstract words is limited. Abstract Semantic Associative Network Training (AbSANT) is theoretically motivated and has been shown to not only improve directly trained abstract words, such as the word emergency in the category hospital, but also promote generalization to related concrete words, such as the word doctor . Method: This tutorial provides step-by-step instructions, including cueing strategies, and material resources for conducting AbSANT. Importantly, this tutorial also explains the theoretical motivation behind AbSANT, as well as information regarding the population, dose, and environment characteristics of effective trials, to help clinicians make informed decisions regarding the applicability of this approach and to guide decision-making throughout the steps of therapy. Conclusions: AbSANT is an effective, theoretically based treatment for abstract words. This tutorial provides all of the resources needed to conduct AbSANT with clients with aphasia. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17776211

A Socio-cosmological Approach to Anti-Christian Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-64
Author(s):  
Chad M. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
Constructivist Approach ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Social Custom ◽  
Political Governance ◽  
Constructivist Position

This chapter describes the distinctive nature of the constructivist approach to the analysis of Hindu–Christian conflict that is relative to the well-developed literature on ethnic and religious conflict. It explains how the constructivist approach differs from both the instrumentalist and essentialist approach to interreligious conflict. It also elaborates the conflict between Christian and Hindu groups in the instrumentalist view that occurs as a result of competition over material resources and political power. The chapter describes the conflict between groups in the essentialist view that occurs because of long-standing differences between Christians and Hindus in terms of ethnicity, religion, language, social custom, culture, and political governance. It explores the constructivist position that accepts the insight that human behavior is primarily driven by material and political interest.

Non-Governmental Organisations and Legitimacy: Authority, Power and Resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Gnes ◽  
Floris Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Sociology ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Moral Basis ◽  
Organisational Sociology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

In the analysis of non-governmental organisations (NGOs), legitimacy and legitimation are useful concepts because they bring to light the processes through which organisational entities justify their right to exist and their actions within a particular normative context. Theories of legitimacy underscore the moral basis of organisational power as grounded in the relationship between organisations and different kinds of audiences. In this article, we look at how those concepts and theories relate to the study of NGOs. Those theories not only help us understand how organisations establish themselves, strengthen their position and survive over time despite very limited material resources of their own, but also how organisations may build political power. In our review of the literature on organisational legitimacy, we focus on three main aspects of legitimacy: the conceptualisation of the term in organisational sociology, political sociology and political science; the constraining role of institutionalised normative contexts and competing audiences in the legitimation processes; the agentic role of organisations within both institutional and strategic contexts.

The Politics of Local Models, Social Transformation and State Power Struggles in the People's Republic of China: Tachai and Teng Hsiao-p'ing

1978 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 873-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Political Power ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Models ◽  
Independent Basis ◽  
Autonomous Action ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
National Power

What was the role of Tachai, Mao Tse-tung's model village meant for emulation in agriculture, in the 1975–76 struggle towards national power of the Chiang Ch'ing group? In getting the facts straight on this matter, I will throw light on some facets of local and national political power in China. I will especially highlight the question of the extent to which ruling groups at the state centre have a somewhat independent basis for more or less autonomous action.

scholarly journals Main trends in the delegitimation of the political power in modern Ukraine

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Vysotskyi
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
State Power ◽  
The Political

The author investigates trends in the delegitimation of the regime in Ukraine today, reveals their content and meaning. Based on the analysis of the seven dimensions of legitimacy of state power, it is stated the presence of five delegitimational trends.

scholarly journals Marketing Management: Monitoring the International Environment Factors Using Global Maps

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1929-1936
Author(s):  
Štěpán Kala ◽  
Kateřina Kuralová ◽  
Klára Margarisová ◽  
Lucie Vokáčová
Keyword(s):  
Global Market ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Global Marketing ◽  
Marketing Environment ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
International Environment ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Geographical Maps ◽  
National Boundaries

The article discusses the issue of the global marketing environment in line with the factors determining its external conditions. The aim is to specify the marketing-environment indicators in the international context and interpret the use of geographical maps illustratively documenting the differences of particular parameters in various parts of the global market. The research-results help update the theoretical framework of global environment factors. These data are also important for practice. Many enterprises consider the question of optimising their sources and directing their goals towards the opportunities available thanks to global markets. The global environment mapping is thereby an important basis for the marketing activities whose implementation across national boundaries is going to be mainly influenced by peculiarities of the environment involving foreign markets and their changes.

The construction of US financial power

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIJN KONINGS
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Political Power ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
State Power ◽  
Global Finance ◽  
Structural Power ◽  
Financial Decline ◽  
History Of ◽  
State And Market ◽  
Financial Power

AbstractCritical work in international political economy (IPE) has sought to theorise US financial power through the concept of structural power, intended as a means to go beyond state-centric conceptions of political power and to trace the state’s interaction with socio-economic forces. But due to the tendency to ontologise the distinction between state and market, IPE has not been fully successful in articulating the linkages between structural power and state power. The article then examines literature in the field of cultural political economy (CPE), which emphasises the constitutive importance of the cultural norms and practices situated at the level of everyday life. The CPE literature fails to challenge established IPE accounts in some key respects, and the article relates this to its conception of political power. The article develops an institution-based perspective that is more suitable to theorising the linkages between structural power and state power, and then proceeds to develop an interpretation of the construction of American financial power over the course of the 20th century. It reinterprets some of the key moments in the history of US and global finance and re-examines notions of American financial decline.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document