Internalized Heterosexism

Purpose Entrepreneurship in the rural hospitality and tourism sector (RHT) has received wide attention in the past decade. However, a systematic review on this topic is currently lacking. This study aims to track the progress of the RHT and entrepreneurship literature by examining the various thematic research areas, identifying the research gaps and forecasting avenues of future research on the topic. Design/methodology/approach This paper catalogs and synthesizes the body of literature from the year 2000–2020 using a systematic literature review methodology. After discussing a brief history of RHT and entrepreneurship, the current study presents a review of 101 research articles. Findings The review highlights that RHT and entrepreneurship have received relatively limited attention from entrepreneurship journals. The content analysis revealed different gaps and limitations in the understanding of entrepreneurship in RHT, including a predominance of qualitative studies with limited theoretically-grounded and generalizable empirical studies. Furthermore, a high concentration of studies is from European countries. Six main thematic research areas were identified, namely, barriers and enablers, the roles of an entrepreneur, women in RHT, influencers of firm performance, innovation and value creation and methodological commonalities. The review also advances an RHT entrepreneurship ecosystem framework to summarize the findings. Originality/value Six promising research avenues are outlined based on the six themes identified. The suggested research questions draw from allied literature on small and medium businesses, innovation, women entrepreneurship and institutions to encourage the interdisciplinary cross-pollination of ideas. The findings are summarized in a novel research framework.

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Social Media and Identity

Multigenerational Online Behavior and Media Use ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7909-0.ch074 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1365-1386

Author(s):

Erika Melonashi

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Identity Development ◽

Identity Formation ◽

Political Identity ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Future Research ◽

Theoretical Frameworks ◽

The Relationship ◽

Media And Identity

The present chapter aims to explore the relationship between social media and identity by reviewing theoretical frameworks as well as empirical studies on the topic. Considering the complexity of the concept of identity, a multidisciplinary theoretical approach is provided, including Psychological Theories, Sociological Theories and Communication Theories. These theories are revisited in the context of online identity formation and communication through social media. Different aspects of identity such as gender identity, professional identity, political identity etc., are discussed and illustrated through empirical studies in the field. Moreover, the role of social media as a factor that might either promote or hinder identity development is also discussed (e.g., phenomena such as cyber-bulling and internet addiction). Finally recommendations and suggestions for future research are provided, including the need for multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks to the investigation of the relationships between social media and identity.

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Shame, Internalized Homophobia, Identity Formation, Attachment Style, and the Connection to Relationship Status in Gay Men

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988309342002 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 267-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Jac Brown ◽

Robert Trevethan

Keyword(s):

Identity Formation ◽

Gay Men ◽

Attachment Style ◽

Coming Out ◽

Peer Acceptance ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Internalized Homophobia ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Relationship Status ◽

Avoidant Attachment

This study reports on a survey of 166 gay men in Sydney, Australia, that explores the links between internalized shame, internalized homophobia, and attachment style. These variables were linked to the age of coming out, family and peer acceptance of their sexuality, relationship status, and previous marriage. Findings suggest a strong relationship between shame, internalized homophobia, and anxious and avoidant attachment style. Shame was predicted by internalized homophobia and anxious and avoidant attachment style. A significant proportion of gay men reported that they were not easily accepted when they first came out. There was a significant relationship between coming out and internalized homophobia but not with shame and attachment style. Furthermore, men who had never come out to family and friends reported higher levels of internalized homophobia but not higher levels of shame and attachment style. Of particular significance was the connection between previous marriage and higher levels of shame and internalized homophobia. Finally, gay men who were not currently in a relationship reported higher levels of shame anxious and avoidant attachment style. These findings are related to therapeutic work with gay men who have previously been married and those who are concerned with their current single status.

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Gay and Lesbian Parents

The Family Journal ◽

10.1177/1066480717731204 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 327-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pamela S. Lassiter ◽

Daniel Gutierrez ◽

Brian J. Dew ◽

Lyndon P. Abrams

Keyword(s):

Identity Formation ◽

Coming Out ◽

Internalized Homophobia ◽

Faith Communities ◽

Gay And Lesbian ◽

Older Parents ◽

Lesbian Parents ◽

Gay Male ◽

Sexual Orientation Identity ◽

Gay And Lesbian Parents

Wellness, outness, and sexual orientation identity were examined across multiple demographic categories in a large sample of gay and lesbian parents. No significant differences were found in terms of wellness. However, gay male parents reported higher need for protection, acceptance, internalized homophobia, and more difficult process of identity formation. Older parents reported a more difficult coming out process. Parents of color were less out to their faith communities, had higher identity confusion, but lower need for privacy.

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Internalized Heterosexism

The Counseling Psychologist ◽

10.1177/0011000007309488 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 510-524 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Dawn M. Szymanski ◽

Susan Kashubeck-West ◽

Jill Meyer

Keyword(s):

Empirical Research ◽

Historical Context ◽

Internalized Homophobia ◽

Future Research ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Internalized Heterosexism ◽

Theoretical Approaches ◽

And Bisexual ◽

Counseling Psychologists

Counseling psychologists can expect to encounter lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals in their lives, as students, colleagues, friends, clients, and/or family members. Most of the LGB individuals encountered by counseling psychologists have experienced the negative consequences of internalized heterosexism/internalized homophobia (IH). Yet many counseling psychologists are not adequately prepared to deal with the negative effects of IH on LGB persons' lives. This Major Contribution provides readers with a critical base of information about the construct of IH, including the historical context from which it emerged; controversies related to IH; theoretical approaches used to conceptualize IH; unique issues for women, men, and bisexuals; and the empirical research on measurement and psychosocial correlates of IH. In addition, it provides suggestions for future research and implications for counseling LGB individuals and for the training of counseling psychologists.

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Third World Femenist Perspectives on Information Technology

Encyclopedia of Gender and Information Technology ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-815-4.ch184 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 1166-1171

Author(s):

Lynette Kvasny ◽

Jing Chong

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Black Women ◽

Race And Ethnicity ◽

Third World ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Future Research ◽

Business Organizations ◽

Representation Of Women ◽

Third World Feminism ◽

Feminist Epistemologies

Historically, information systems (IS) researchers have conducted empirical studies of gender and information technology (IT) in business organizations. These studies cover a wide range of topics such as the under-representation of women in the IT workforce (von Hellens, Nielsen, & Trauth, 2001) and the educational pipeline, which prepares women for careers in computer-related fields (Camp, 1997; Symonds, 1999). IS researchers have generally embraced an essentialist approach to examine gender differences in the adoption and use of IT (Gefen & Straub, 1997; Venkatesh & Morris, 2000), career selection (Joshi & Kuhn, 2001; Nielsen, von Hellens, Greenhill, & Pringle, 1998), employment experiences (Gallivan, 2003; Sumner & Niederman, 2002; Sumner & Werner, 2001), and employment outcomes (Baroudi & Igbaria, 1997). More recently, however, researchers have adopted anti-essentialist stances and extended IS gender studies to include individual differences among women (Trauth, 2002; Trauth, Quesenberry, & Morgan, 2004), as well as race and ethnicity (Kvasny & Trauth, 2002; Tapia & Kvasny, 2004; Tapia, Kvasny, & Trauth, 2004). In this growing body of scholarship, a few researchers have argued persuasively for the inclusion of feminist epistemologies in IS research (Adam & Richardson, 2001; Henwood, 2000; Kvasny, Greenhill, & Trauth, 2005). These proponents contend that feminist epistemologies provide theoretical and methodological insights for studying gender as a complex and multidimensional construct for understanding the use, management, and regulation of IT in multiple domains such as business organizations, households, reproductive health, built environments, and the military (MacKenzie & Wacjman, 1991; Ormrod, 1994). Feminist scholars have also called for research that considers not only gender, but also the intersection of racial, ethnic, and class identities (Kvasny, forthcoming). In this article, we adopt a third world feminist perspective to examine perceptions of IT held by black women in Kenya and the U.S. In what follows, we defining third world feminism, especially as it relates to women in the African Diaspora. Next, we discuss our research methodology, which consists of interviews with women in both settings. We conclude by presenting our findings and implications for future research.

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An Integrative Review of Published Research in theRecreational Sports Journal, 1998–2010

Recreational Sports Journal ◽

10.1123/rsj.36.2.91 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 91-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thomas Patrick Sweeney ◽

Robert J. Barcelona

Keyword(s):

Sport Management ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

The Body ◽

Integrative Review ◽

Future Research ◽

Recreational Sports ◽

Recreational Sport ◽

Body Of Knowledge ◽

Rigorous Research ◽

Published Research

The body of inquiry in the field of recreational sport management has continued to expand over the past decade; however, there have been few, if any, systematic evaluations of the body of knowledge in the field. The purpose of this paper was to conduct an integrative review of the research studies published in the Recreational Sports Journal ( RSJ) to identify the themes and trends in recreational sports research since the journal's inception in 1998. Results of this review indicated that RSJ would benefit from more theoretically-driven, empirical studies, studies that move beyond examining participation motivations and constraints, and studies that employ more diverse and rigorous research methodologies. These findings, as well as others related to research methodology, sample size, and topic selection, provide a snapshot of the trends and gaps in the body of knowledge in recreational sport management, and have implications for future research efforts in the field.

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The Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Queer International Students

Journal of Underrepresented & Minority Progress ◽

10.32674/jump.v1i1.39 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 80-94

Author(s):

Hoa Nguyen ◽

Erika Grafsky ◽

Jennifer Lambert-Shute

Keyword(s):

International Students ◽

Identity Formation ◽

Mental Health Professionals ◽

International Student ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Future Research ◽

University Administrators ◽

Significant Research ◽

Research Gap ◽

And Migration

There is a significant research gap in understanding the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) international students. The purpose of this systematic review is to explore what we currently know about LGBQ international students, by synthesizing peer-reviewed and gray literature that focused on this intersection of sexual and cultural diversity. A total of 10 records met the inclusion criteria and were examined. Out of these 10 records, 6 were empirical studies. Findings from this analysis highlighted the salience of: (a) identity formation and migration, (b) the double barrier of being an international student and LGBQ, and (c) multi- layered discrimination and heteronormativity. We then provide suggestions for future research and implications for mental health professionals, educators, and university administrators.

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Impact of other customers in high and low involvement services

Journal of Indian Business Research ◽

10.1108/jibr-08-2015-0088 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 41-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aditi Sarkar Sengupta ◽

Sreejesh S

Keyword(s):

Boundary Condition ◽

Service Quality ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

The Body ◽

Future Research ◽

High Involvement ◽

Content Type ◽

Quality Perception ◽

Need For Uniqueness ◽

Revisit Intention

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of other customer perception (OCP) (Brocato et al., 2012) on focal customer’s service quality perception and revisit intention in high- and low-involvement services and the effect of customer’s need for uniqueness (NFU) as a boundary condition of the above relationships. Design/methodology/approach Following a theoretical methodology, hypotheses were developed to analyze the effect of OCP, service involvement and customer’s NFU. A 2 × 2 × 2 scenario-based experiment was designed. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to test the hypotheses. Findings The analysis reveals that the presence of conforming (versus non-conforming) other customers improves service quality perception and revisit intention of focal customers in high-involvement services, but not in low-involvement services. However, the relationship between similarity perception and outcome variables does not hold good for high-NFU customers. Practical implications This study suggests that conforming and non-conforming other customers are critical in forming service quality perception of high-involvement services, and highlights the boundary condition of this relationship. If service managers take service involvement and individual differences into account, and strategize their service offering aligned to their target customers, influence of other customers can be managed more efficiently. Originality/value As this study is one of the first empirical studies to focus on the effect of OCP on service quality perception and examine its boundary condition, it contributes significantly to the body of knowledge. Future research directions are discussed and managerial implications are proposed.

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Social Media and Identity

Internet and Technology Addiction ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-8900-6.ch001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Erika Melonashi

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Identity Development ◽

Identity Formation ◽

Political Identity ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Future Research ◽

Theoretical Frameworks ◽

The Relationship ◽

Media And Identity

The present chapter aims to explore the relationship between social media and identity by reviewing theoretical frameworks as well as empirical studies on the topic. Considering the complexity of the concept of identity, a multidisciplinary theoretical approach is provided, including Psychological Theories, Sociological Theories and Communication Theories. These theories are revisited in the context of online identity formation and communication through social media. Different aspects of identity such as gender identity, professional identity, political identity etc., are discussed and illustrated through empirical studies in the field. Moreover, the role of social media as a factor that might either promote or hinder identity development is also discussed (e.g., phenomena such as cyber-bulling and internet addiction). Finally recommendations and suggestions for future research are provided, including the need for multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks to the investigation of the relationships between social media and identity.

Download Full-text