Development and Initial Validation of the Perceived Classism Experiences Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-341
Author(s):  
Klaus E. Cavalhieri ◽  
Kathleen Chwalisz
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Academic Environments ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Initial Validation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
Is Theory ◽  
Practical Implications

This article describes the development and initial validation of the Perceived Classism Experiences Scale (PCES), a scale created to measure experiences of classism based on the Social Class Worldview Model. In Study 1, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis on a sample of 309 participants, revealing three distinct factors: Downward Classism, Upward Classism, and Lateral Classism. In Study 2, a confirmatory factor analysis with data from a distinct sample of 341 participants provided further support for the bifactor structure of the PCES. Significant correlations with subjective social status, self-rated health, stress, state and trait anxiety, life satisfaction, and well-being further supported criterion validity of the PCES. The PCES advances on previous scales of classism, as it is theory-driven and it is not restricted to academic environments. We discuss research and practical implications of the PCES.

scholarly journals The Development and Initial Validation of a Brief Daily Hassles Scale Suitable for Use with Adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michalle Wright ◽  
Peter Creed ◽  
Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Daily Hassles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Structure ◽  
Initial Validation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Environmental Circumstance ◽  
Significant Life

Daily hassles are defined as “irritating, frustrating demands that occur during everyday transactions with the environment” ( Holm & Holroyd, 1992, p. 465 ). They need to be differentiated from significant life events, which refer to “environmental circumstance[s] that [have] an identifiable onset and ending and may carry the potential for altering an individual’s present state of mental and physical well-being” ( Goodyer, 2001, p. 204 ). Significant life events, such as the death of a family member or having a parent move out of home, typically occur infrequently and have readily identifiable onsets and endings. Daily hassles, on the other hand, such as those that come when interacting with family or friends, occur with regular frequency, and have less readily identifiable beginnings and endings. Previous research has suggested that the stress from ongoing daily hassles is detrimental to the wellbeing of adolescents ( Sim, 2000 ), and may be more important than significant life events for psychological adjustment in this population ( Goodyer, 2001 ). Three studies led to the development and initial validation of a brief daily hassles scale that could be used with adolescents. Study 1 drew on hassles identified in existing scales, hassles from the literature, a focus group with adolescents, and expert feedback to generate and finalize 69 daily hassle items. In Study 2, the items were administered to a sample of 212 adolescents. We then used item and exploratory factor analysis to reduce the number of items to 14, which represented two homogeneous and internally reliable subscales of family and peer/other hassles. In Study 3, the brief daily hassles scale was administered to a second sample of 236 adolescents. Here we tested the initial structure using confirmatory factor analysis and examined construct validity by testing the scale’s relationship with measures of depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction.

scholarly journals Validation of the Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Activities-Revised Scale in Chinese Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3959
Author(s):  
Wenjie Li ◽  
Linting Zhang ◽  
Ning Jia ◽  
Feng Kong
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Chinese Undergraduates

The Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Activities-Revised scale (HEMA-R) is one of the most extensively used instruments to assess how people pursue well-being. The main aims of the present research were to translate HEMA-R into Chinese and test its construct and predictive validity as well as measurement invariance across gender. In Study 1, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis with data containing 1090 Chinese undergraduates, and replicated the two-factor model which has been found in other studies. Furthermore, the measurement invariance across gender was supported throughout the multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Study 2 replicated these results and further found the HEMA-R had satisfactory predictive validity in measures of well-being, social support and smartphone addiction. All the findings indicate that the HEMA-R is reliable and valid to measure hedonic and eudaimonic motives, and it could be applied generally across gender in Chinese adults.

Examining the influences of perceived exclusivity and perceived rarity on consumers' perception of luxury

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xujia Wang ◽  
Billy Sung ◽  
Ian Phau
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Luxury Market ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate how exclusivity and rarity (natural versus virtual) influence consumers' perceptions of luxury. Further, it examines whether exclusivity and rarity can function as distinct marketing strategies in today's luxury market environment.Design/methodology/approachOnline questionnaires were administered by adapting developed scales from prior research. Research stimuli were chosen from three luxury categories including bags, wine and cruise. Confirmatory factor analysis and multiple regressions were used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results confirmed that exclusivity, natural rarity and virtual rarity were perceived as relatively distinct constructs among our sample. Findings also highlighted that perceived natural rarity (PNR) has consistently emerged as a positive and significant contributor to consumers' perceptions of luxury across all three luxury categories. The influence of perceived exclusivity (PE) on perceptions of luxury has also shown to be significant for two product categories (luxury bag and luxury wine), whereas perceived virtual rarity (PVR) did not show any significant effects across all three categories.Practical implicationsThe results indicate that consumers perceive natural rarity, virtual rarity and exclusivity as relatively distinctive marketing strategies. This suggests that luxury businesses can adopt each strategy independently to achieve desired marketing outcomes.Originality/valueThis study offers theoretical support for the proposition that exclusivity and rarity may have different functions in luxury marketing implementations. It provides empirical evidence showing the distinctiveness of perceived exclusivity and perceived rarity, which have not be done in previous research.

scholarly journals Validation Evidence for the Work Domain Satisfaction Scale in Two Languages

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Bérubé ◽  
Magda B. L. Donia ◽  
Marylène Gagné ◽  
Nathalie Houlfort ◽  
Elena Lvina
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Affective Organizational Commitment ◽  
Domain Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Work Domain

<p>We used the samples of six studies to validate the Work Domain Satisfaction Scale (WDSS), a global, five-item and mid-level measure of work domain well-being. English and French versions of the scale were included in the studies to assess the stability of the instrument across these languages. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a one-factor structure, which was shown invariant across languages and samples. Test-retest reliability of the scale was high, indicating that it measures a stable construct over time. Confirmatory factor analysis also provided evidence that satisfaction with work, measured with the WDSS, is related, but conceptually and empirically distinct from both life satisfaction and job satisfaction. The WDSS was also correlated in predictable ways with affective organizational commitment, a measure of how attached people are to their organizations. Work domain satisfaction also explained a significant amount of variance in affective organizational commitment, beyond job satisfaction. Moreover, the WDSS was positively related to inclusion of work into the self, a psychological variable that reflects the importance of work in the lives of individuals. The results indicate that the WDSS is a reliable, stable, and valid mid-level measure of satisfaction with work as a domain within people’s lives.</p>

scholarly journals Factor Structure and Reliability of Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) in Russian Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-126
Author(s):  
J.M. Poliakova ◽  
M.G. Sorokova ◽  
N.G. Garanian
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment Scale ◽  
Russian Version ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Three Factor

This study examines the psychometric properties of the Russian-version of G. Spanier’s Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). 302 subjects (84 couples) participated in this research and each partner responded individually to the PFB or to both scales. The results of the exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure of the scale, which was endorsed by the means of confirmatory factor analysis. Three subscales and total score revealed appropriate reliability — internal consistency and split reliability. The construct validity was confirmed by correlations between DAS subscales and other instruments testing theoretically close constructs. External validity was confirmed by correlations between DAS subscales and perfectionism which shows that mentally focusing on one’s imperfections and failures is negatively related to subjective well-being in a marriage.

scholarly journals Effect of Emotional Intelligence and trust on Bank performance (Evidence SME’s in Indonesia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1848-1855
Author(s):  
Titok Waskito Adi ◽  
Budi Prasetyo ◽  
Erlyna Hidyantari
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

This study aims to analyze trust in the relationship between staff and customers in the banking sector, its influence on financial performance in the level of emotional intelligence (EI) and their trust. Respondents were asked to complete EI tests and questions related to trust behavior. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis are used to identify relationships. Trust's findings are known to consist of three components: trustworthy; knowledge; and expectations. Furthermore, there is a significant correlation between trust and EI, when compared to the financial performance of relationship managers. Research weaknesses/ implications The method used by banks in collecting performance data limits the analysis that can be held. Practical implications increasing relationship manager awareness of their own emotions, and how they perceive and act on the emotions of others, will positively influence financial performance.

Development of the Life Project Reflexivity Scale: A New Career Intervention Inventory

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Di Fabio ◽  
Jacobus Gideon Maree ◽  
Maureen E. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Career Intervention ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Group Settings ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Dimensional Version ◽  
Italian Context

This article describes the Life Project Reflexivity Scale ( LPRS), a questionnaire constructed for use with Italian students to assess the development of reflexivity, which is increasingly vital for personal and professional progress and well-being. The instrument was administered to 502 Italian university students. A three-dimensional version of the scale was identified through exploratory factor analysis and supported by confirmatory factor analysis. Inter-item factor and scale correlations and reliability coefficients were calculated. We concluded that evidence supports the reliability and validity of the LPRS as a useful instrument for measuring life project reflexivity (people’s reflexivity regarding their future career–life–personal projects) in the Italian context. In addition to sound psychometric properties, the LPRS takes little time to administer and can be completed in large group settings with relative ease. More research is needed to more fully assess its validity and its potential for use in other countries.

scholarly journals Is valuing happiness associated with lower well-being? A factor-level analysis using the valuing happiness scale

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maike Luhmann ◽  
Elizabeth A. Necka ◽  
Felix D. Schönbrodt ◽  
Louise Hawkley
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factor Level ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Level Analysis

Recent studies suggest that valuing happiness is negatively associated with well-being. Most of these studies used the Valuing Happiness Scale (Mauss, Tamir, et al., 2011). In the present paper, we examined the factor structure of this scale using data pooled from six independent samples (Ntotal = 938). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the Valuing Happiness Scale is not unidimensional and that only one of its three factors correlates negatively with various indicators of well-being, whereas non-significant or positive correlations were found for the other factors. These findings indicate that valuing happiness may not necessarily be bad for one’s well-being, and call for a better definition, theoretical foundation, and operationalization of this construct.

Maladaptive and Adaptive Cognitions About the Self and Others: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Brief Core Schemas Scales

2022 ◽  
pp. 003329412110636
Author(s):  
Bruno Faustino
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Dysfunctional Cognitions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The presence of dysfunctional cognitions about how individuals see themselves and others is a hallmark of psychopathology. The Brief Core Schemas Scale (BCSS) was developed to evaluate adaptive and dysfunctional beliefs about the self and others. This study describes the first psychometric analysis of the BCSS in the Portuguese population. Participants were recruited from community ( N = 320, Mage=27.31, DP = 12.75). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the BCSS factorial structure. Four-factor model revealed moderate to adequate goodness-of-fit indices (χ2/df = 717.1, (246) p = .01; SRMR = .044; RMSEA = .077; CFI/TLI < .90). Negative views of the self and others correlated positively with early maladaptive schemas, distress, and symptomatology and correlated negatively with psychological well-being. An inversed correlational pattern was found with the positive views of the self and others. Despite the model's moderate adherence to the data, results suggest that the BCSS may be an asset in the assessment of dysfunctional and adaptive cognitions about the self and others. Further analysis is required to deepen the psychometric properties of the BCSS in the Portuguese population.

scholarly journals The Discrepancies Between Individual-Set and Parent-Set Career Goals Scale: Development and Initial Validation

2020 ◽  
pp. 089484532090179
Author(s):  
Dian R. Sawitri ◽  
Peter A. Creed ◽  
Mirwan S. Perdhana
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Career Goals ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
First Year ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Initial Validation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Item Scale

As there was no existing, psychometrically sound scale that directly assessed the discrepancies that young people experience between individual-set career goals and parent-set career goals, we developed and provided initial validation for a 15-item scale for use with young adults. In Study 1, items were developed, reviewed by experts, and administered to a sample of first year, undergraduate Indonesian students ( N = 426, M age = 18.42 years). We used exploratory factor analysis to reduce the number of items and assess the factor structure and used confirmatory factor analyses on a holdout sample to assess this underlying structure. We then provided evidence for construct validity. Recommendations for use in research and practice are discussed.

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