Community Policing: A Preliminary Assessment of Environmental Impact With Panel Data on Program Implementation in U.S. Cities

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni (Phil) He ◽  
Jihong (Solomon) Zhao ◽  
Nicholas P. Lovrich
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Community Oriented Policing ◽  
Police Agencies ◽  
Municipal Police

This article examines the environmental impact on the programmatic implementation of community-oriented policing (COP) in large municipal police agencies during the 1990s. Three waves of nationwide surveys (1993, 1996, and 2000) based on a random sample of 281 municipalities and the corresponding police agencies were used for our analysis. Based on one-way generalized least square (GLS) panel data analysis, we found that post-Crime Control Act of 1994federal funding and council-manager forms of government are significant predictors of COP implementation. To the contrary, other environmental factors such as personnel resources, city socioeconomic status, and mechanisms for citizen participation did not yield any statistically significant effects.

Analysis of Board Size and Firm Performance: Evidence from NSE Companies Using Panel Data Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjala Kalsie ◽  
Shikha Mittal Shrivastav
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Effect Model

This article seeks to examine the relationship between the board size and firm performance. Existing literature on board size is based on different theories of corporate governance. While agency theory and resource dependency theory suggest that the board size positively affects performance, stewardship theory favours smaller board size and argues that larger board size negatively impacts the firm performance. The present article adds to the empirical literature by employing panel data analysis of 145 non-financial companies listed in the NSE CNX 200 Index of India corresponding to 16 industries. The study is carried out for a period of five years from 2008 to 2012. The firm performance has been measured using Tobin’s Q and the market-to-book value ratio (MBVR) as market-based measures and return on assets (ROA) and return on capital employed (ROCE) as accounting-based measures. The fixed effect model, random effect model and feasible generalised least square (FGLS) regression models are applied to achieve the above-mentioned objectives. The results conclude that the board size has a positive and significant impact on the firm performance.

scholarly journals Economic Growth Determinants of Asean Economic Community: Feasible Generalized Least Square Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Imamudin Yuliadi ◽  
Wahdi Salasi April Yudhi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Least Square Approach ◽  
Asean Economic Community

This study aims to analyze the factors determining economic growth in ASEAN countries, which are the ASEAN economic community members as a potential center for world economic growth. The research method applied in this study was a panel data analysis model with a feasible generalized least square approach. The research period was from 2015 – 2019 in all ASEAN member countries: Indonesia, Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Brunei Darussalam, and the Philippines. Testing the data used the Chow and Hausman tests to determine the analysis method: fixed effect, random effect, or common effect. The results of panel data regression estimation with a feasible generalized least square approach uncovered that the variables of the number of the labor force, currency exchange rates, money supply (M1), exports, imports, Gini index, foreign debt, corruption perception index, financial literacy index, and foreign investment (PMA) significantly affected the economic growth of the ASEAN economic community, including develop agriculture sector. Meanwhile, the variables of domestic investment and financing credit did not affect the economic growth of the ASEAN economic community. The conclusion and recommendation from this study’s results are each ASEAN country’s efforts to encourage economic growth by utilizing its comparative advantages and strategic cooperation to create market opportunities and increase the economic efficiency of the ASEAN economic community.

scholarly journals Determinant of Car Demand in Java Island

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dyah Candra Kirana ◽  
Prasetyo Ari Bowo
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Cross Section Data ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Per Capita

The purpose of this research is to examine factors that affect car demand in Java Island in 2012-2016. The research method used in this research is panel least square The data used in this research is panel data. The panel data consists of time series data (2012-2106) and cross section data (six province in Java Island, those are DKI Jakarta, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, DI Yogyakarta, Jawa Timur, and Banten). Data were obtained from Central Bureau of Statistic Republic of Indonesia (BPS). Data analysis used is panel data analysis. The results showed that income per capita, population, and inflation have simultan effect on car demand in Java Island in 2012-2016. Per capita income has a positive and significant effect on car demand in Java Island in 2012-2016. Population has a positive and significant effect on car demand in Java Island in 2012-2016. Inflation has positive and insignificant effect on car demand in Java Island in 2012-2016.

scholarly journals Internet dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pengangguran di Indonesia Tahun 2015-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Anna Kristiana Yunita
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Use Of The Internet

The internet has two effects, whether it supports or will it reduce productivity which will have an impact on the unemployment rate. This study aims to examine the effect of the internet on the unemployment rate in Indonesia in 2015-2019. Panel data analysis with the Feasible generalized least square (FGLS) method using STATA software was used to solve the problem of not fulfilling the assumptions of normality and heteroscedasticity in this study. Based on the results of data processing, the proportion of internet users shows a positive and statistically significant sign. The coefficient value of the proportion of internet users is 0.4898; which means that an increase in the proportion of internet users by 1 percent will cause the open unemployment rate to increase by 0.4898 percent, assuming the other variables are fixed. It can be concluded that the higher the proportion of internet users in an area, the higher the area's open unemployment rate. This is because the use of the internet in Indonesia is still not fully used to increase the productivity of the population such as looking for jobs or improving skills through training so that the internet actually causes the unemployment rate to increase.

scholarly journals The Effect of Gender Unemployment on Economic Growth: A Panel Data Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Shairilizwan Taasim ◽  
Adrian Daud
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Ordinary Least Square

Objective – Prior to the East ASEAN Growth Area (EAGA) in ASEAN, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines (BIMP) took in an inflow of immigrants to support growth. The more they depended on foreign labour, the issue of gender inequality in the job sector became an issue that is hindering prosperity. Methodology/Technique – The research was aimed to identify the relation between unemployment rate from the gender perspective and economic growth of BIMP-EAGA by using two methods, namely Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS). Annual time series data for the period of 1990 to 2018 was employed. Findings & Novelty – The result was contrary to Okun's law which says that there is a negative relation between the male unemployment rate and GDP. This study found that the female unemployment rate did not affect GDP and was insignificant. Policies that benefit and increase the participation of female workers in the job sector should be enhanced to prepare a conducive environment for the economy. Type of Paper: Empirical. JEL Classification: E24, J16. Keywords: Labour Force, Gender, Economic Growth, BIMP Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Taasim, S; Daud, A. 2020. The Effect of Gender Unemployment on Economic Growth: A Panel Data Analysis, J. Bus. Econ. Review, 5(3) 94–103 https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2020.5.3(3)

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF FISCAL DETERMINANTS ON INVESTMENTS IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES. A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sandra Clement ◽  
◽  
Eugenia Ramona Mara ◽  
Monica-Violeta Achim
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Impact

Taxation plays an important role in investment decisions and on net profit. In this view, this paper examines the fiscal determinants of investments realized by non-financial corporations in European Union (EU) countries. More exactly, the influences of profit tax and other important taxes like consumption and labor tax on the rate of investment are analysed. For this purpose, we use a panel analysis for 28 Member States from 2008 to 2018. In the presence of variables cointegration, we apply the fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) for investigating the long-run impact of taxation. Our results show a negative influence of the profit tax and a positive influence of consumption tax on the investment expansion. In addition, we find that the profit tax rate decreased after 2008 representing one of the most important fiscal measure adopted by the majority of EU Member States in order to stimulate the investment increase. The results are important for the governments, corporate governance of the companies and the investors, in order to understand the efficiency of their decisions to recover after a crisis. Keywords: Corporate tax policy, Rate of investment, Panel data.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Air Transport and Economic Growth in Turkey: Cross-Regional Panel Data Analysis Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1(J)) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuri Baltaci ◽  
Gizem Akbulut .
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Cost

Today, the economic and social effects of the airports on the region they are located are widely accepted throughout the world including Turkey. In developing countries transportation sector is a significant tool of development. Since millennium there has been a great growth in the number of people who prefer air transportation in Turkey. The decrease in the cost of the transportation of both passengers and freight in air transport leads the increase of its accessibility. In this concept when a region has an active airport it helps to increase the region’s competitiveness and support its economic, social and cultural development. The aim of this study is to analyze whether an active airport and its traffic frequency have an effect on country’s macroeconomic indicators. In this study region - fixed effect and two stage least square (2SLS) models are applied with using panel data for 26 sub-regions at NUTS 2 level in Turkey period of 2004 - 2011. The results of this study support that increasing in number of active airports and its traffic frequency have a positive effect on regional economic growth.

Credit Market Depth and Income Inequality in Vietnam: A Panel-Data Analysis

2016 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Hoi Le Quoc ◽  
Hoi Chu Minh
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Market Depth ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moment

Financial development could exert various effects on income distribution of a country. By employing Generalized Method of Moment, this paper aims at examining the impacts of credit market depth, one of most used financial development barometers, on income inequality in Vietnam. The empirical findings show that expanding credit market in the country could lead to higher income inequality. We have not found evidence that supports the hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped relation ever introduced by Greenwood and Jovanovich, although this hypothesis may still hold in a sense that Vietnam has not reached to the inflection point to generate such a curve alike.

ÖRGÜTLERDE ÖRGÜTSEL BOLLUĞUN GİRİŞİMSEL ORYANTASYON ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurdan Gürkan ◽  
Ahmet Ferda Çakmak
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Organizational Slack ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Relationship

The concept of entrepreneurial orientation, which emerges with the development of strategic management, refers to entrepreneurship orientations of businesses. The businesses need resources in other words organizational slack in order to develop their entrepreneurial trends. The organizational slack consists of three slack type. These slack types are available slack, recoverable slack and potential slack. The purpose of this study is to examine whether organizational slack in the businesses has an effect on entrepreneurial orientation. The relationship between organizational slack and entrepreneurial orientation was investigated through 20 companies that were traded in Borsa Istanbul Corporate Governance Index for 2010-2014 period using panel data analysis method. The results of the study indicate the existence of a statistically significant relationship between and the available slack and the recoverable slack with the entrepreneurial orientation in the businesses. According to findings; there was no statistically significant relationship between potential slack and entrepreneurial orientation.

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