Prison Visitation and the Likelihood of Post-Release Employment

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110226
Author(s):  
Chantal Fahmy ◽  
Matthew Gricius ◽  
Alyssa W. Chamberlain ◽  
Danielle Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Violent Offender ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Formerly Incarcerated ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
The Social ◽  
Stable Employment

Formerly incarcerated people have a difficult time finding employment upon release. Research has suggested the effectiveness in utilizing one’s social capital and social networks, particularly through family, as a means of securing stable employment post-prison. However, the social connections necessary—maintained via prison visitation—are often weakened due to long-term incarceration and multiple prison stints. Data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) are used to investigate whether individuals were able to find employment within 3 months after release. Results suggest that individuals who have committed serious crimes likely have more strained family relationships; making family members’ willingness to vouch for employment on their behalf, less likely. Implications regarding policy and practice for corrections and reentry are discussed.

Comparing the social networks of service users with long term mental health needs living in community with those in a general adult in-patient unit

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110175
Author(s):  
Roberto Rusca ◽  
Ike-Foster Onwuchekwa ◽  
Catherine Kinane ◽  
Douglas MacInnes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Practical Support ◽  
The Social

Background: Relationships are vital to recovery however, there is uncertainty whether users have different types of social networks in different mental health settings and how these networks may impact on users’ wellbeing. Aims: To compare the social networks of people with long-term mental illness in the community with those of people in a general adult in-patient unit. Method: A sample of general adult in-patients with enduring mental health problems, aged between 18 and 65, was compared with a similar sample attending a general adult psychiatric clinic. A cross-sectional survey collected demographic data and information about participants’ social networks. Participants also completed the Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale to examine well-being and the Significant Others Scale to explore their social network support. Results: The study recruited 53 participants (25 living in the community and 28 current in-patients) with 339 named as important members of their social networks. Both groups recorded low numbers in their social networks though the community sample had a significantly greater number of social contacts (7.4 vs. 5.4), more monthly contacts with members of their network and significantly higher levels of social media use. The in-patient group reported greater levels of emotional and practical support from their network. Conclusions: People with serious and enduring mental health problems living in the community had a significantly greater number of people in their social network than those who were in-patients while the in-patient group reported greater levels of emotional and practical support from their network. Recommendations for future work have been made.

Social Networks and Stratagems of Nineteenth-Century Coast Salish Leaders

Ethnohistory ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-268
Author(s):  
Morgan Ritchie ◽  
Bruce Granville Miller
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
Military Bases ◽  
Coast Salish ◽  
Salish Sea ◽  
The Social

Abstract During the socially transformative mid-nineteenth century in the Salish Sea region of the Northwest Coast, a number of influential leaders emerged within Indigenous tribal groups. They played a significant role in reshaping the social geography of the region, blending emergent religious, commercial, and military bases for authority with more conventional Coast Salish strategies of patronage and generosity. The authors examine the lives and social connections of three Coast Salish leaders to illustrate how they were able to establish and maintain social networks across the region for their advantage and for the advantage of followers who had gravitated to them from surrounding shattered communities.

Aging in Place

2018 ◽  
pp. 259-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Yuk Fai Fong ◽  
Vincent T. Law
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Aging In Place ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Residential Homes ◽  
The Social

Aging is a function of time and is a natural and integral part of the life cycle. Aging process differs among individuals and brings all kinds of changes, affecting not just the physical body and its functions, but also to the social, psychological and financial situations to individuals. Aging in place (AIP) is a common preference among older people for remaining in their local community and maintaining their social networks throughout the aging process. Issues about appropriateness of aging in place, long-term care, and residential homes are discussed. Some models and recommendations are discussed, completed with thoughts on future studies.

Information Diffusion in Social Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 146-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Zinoviev
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Information Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Small World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Strength Of Weak Ties ◽  
Strategic Position

The issue of information diffusion in small-world social networks was first systematically brought to light by Mark Granovetter in his seminal paper “The Strength of Weak Ties” in 1973 and has been an area of active academic studies in the past three decades. This chapter discusses information proliferation mechanisms in massive online social networks (MOSN). In particular, the following aspects of information diffusion processes are addressed: the role and the strategic position of influential spreaders of information; the pathways in the social networks that serve as conduits for communication and information flow; mathematical models describing proliferation processes; short-term and long-term dynamics of information diffusion, and secrecy of information diffusion.

A Dream Begins

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Jill D. Snider
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
African American ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Economic Strategy ◽  
Presbyterian Church ◽  
Building Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Church

This chapter examines the Carthage, NC, childhood of African American inventor and entrepreneur Lucean Arthur Headen, with special attention paid to the social networks Headen’s family forged and to the mentors who inspired him to become an inventor. It describes the influence of former slave artisans, among them his grandfather, a wheelwright for the Tyson & Jones Buggy Company, and his great-uncle, a nationally known toolmaker, who schooled him in mechanics; his father, a sawmill owner, who sparked his entrepreneurial ambitions; and aunts and uncles active in the Presbyterian Church and Republican Party, who offered important social connections. Finally, it describes the economic strategy demonstrated for Headen by Rev. Henry D. Wood, who built a diverse coalition of supporters to finance the construction of John Hall Presbyterian Church and Dayton Academy (the church and school Headen attended). Headen later adapted this coalition-building model to finance his first inventions and business efforts.

Repatriation: a qualitative study of repatriates after returning from China assignments

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-394
Author(s):  
John A. Kimber
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Expatriate Assignments ◽  
Difficult Part

Purpose Companies expend significant resources on global assignees’ success during deployment. However, the broader repatriation experience of organizational expatriates and their families, beyond securing employment, is still largely unexplored. Thus, the purpose of this paper, an exploratory study, is to describe the repatriation experience of five US Christian repatriates who returned to the USA after long-term expatriate assignments in China. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was employed, and data were collected through five open-ended interviews with US Christian repatriates, focusing on their social networks and family repatriation experiences. Findings Upon repatriation, most global assignees received assistance with relocation and securing stateside employment but no assistance with readjustment issues for themselves or their accompanying family members. Most found repatriation the most difficult part of the assignment, and home churches were of little assistance. The findings support the deterioration of home social networks during longer assignments and extend the literature’s findings to the expatriate spouse and families. Originality/value This exploratory study addresses the experiences of Christian US repatriates and their social support through work and non-work home social networks. The findings highlight the importance of intentional efforts by repatriates and their families to strengthen their home social connections in order to minimize repatriation difficulties.

scholarly journals USE OF CRACK AND OTHER DRUGS AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE FAMILY ENVIRONMENT: AN INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno David Henriques ◽  
Regina Lunardi Rocha ◽  
Amanda Márcia dos Santos Reinaldo
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Coping

ABSTRACT Drugs abuse is a complex phenomenon with many causes, and it affects children and adolescents. The objective of this research was to seek scientific evidence that contributes to the understanding of the existing relation between the use of crack and other drugs by children and adolescents and the family. The method used was the integrative review. The bases analyzed were: MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane, BDENF and IBECS. Descriptors: cocaine, crack, family and family relationships. Three categories were evidenced: Family environment as a protector and/or facilitator for the use of crack and other drugs by children and adolescents; Lack of knowledge and the repercussions of the use of crack and other drugs by children and adolescents in the family environment; Networks to support the family and coping with the use of crack and other drugs. The family environment has a protective function against the use of drugs, but the issue of drugs has to be faced and addressed. It is also necessary to strengthen the social networks and discuss prevention themes.

The role social diversity plays in enhancing mental health literacy among the elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsahi Hayat ◽  
Ora Nakash ◽  
Sarah Abu Kaf ◽  
Michal Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Mental Health Literacy ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mental Health Information ◽  
The Social

PurposeMental health literacy (MHL) is the ability to understand health information originating from different sources. Little is known about ethnic differences in sources for health information, and the effect these differences has on elderly MHL. In this paper, we focus on the social networks (i.e. social connections) of elderly people from different ethnic groups, and investigate the effect these networks have on MHL. Specifically, we focus on the ethnic diversity of one's peers (ethnic diversity) as a network characteristic that can interplay with his\her MHL.Design/methodology/approachThe data used in this study were gathered using a survey among elderly (over the age of 60) Native Israeli Jews (N = 147) and Immigrant Jews from the Former Soviet Union (FSU, N = 131). The survey was used to assess our participants MHL, online and offline sources of mental health information and mental health service utilization. Interviews were also conducted with each participant. The interview purpose was to map the participants' social network (using a sociogram), while indicating the attributes of the participant's peers (age, gender, ethnicity, etc.) and the nature of the interaction (online vs. offline, strength of the tie, etc.). A set of hierarchal regression analyses were then used to examine which social network attributes are correlated with MHL levels.FindingsOur findings shows that ethnic diversity within the social networks of Immigrants from the FSU contributed to their MHL more so than for native-born Jews. Specifically, face to face maintained connections with individuals from diverse ethnic groups lead to increased knowledge about how to search for mental health information. Online maintained connections with individuals from diverse ethnic groups, lead to increase attitudes that promote recognition of mental health related issues and appropriate help-seeking.Originality/valueUnderstanding the interplay between the ethnic diversity among one's peers and his/her MHL offers an important additional prism of examining MHL; moving beyond the individual's characteristics and examining his/her social connections as well. The relevancy of these findings for reducing MHL inequalities between native-born and elderly migrants, as well as for ethnic minorities is discussed.

The Social Stress Model of Substance Abuse among Childbearing-Age Women: A Review of the Literature

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Strachan Lindenberg ◽  
Helen K. Reiskin ◽  
Sylvia C. Gendrop
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Social Competencies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Childbearing Age Women

The Social Stress Model of Substance Abuse has been derived from numerous psychosocial theories and models. This model suggests that the likelihood of an individual engaging in drug abuse is influenced by the stress level and the extent to which it is offset by stress modifiers such as social networks, social competence and resources. This article synthesizes current empirical evidence for this model. Thirteen primary research studies of women are synthesized and described, with special attention to the four key constructs inherent in the model: stress, social networks, social competencies, and resources. Consistencies and inconsistencies in the findings, a critique of key methodological issues, implications for future research, and implications for clinical policy and practice are provided.

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