Correctional Policy

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent O'Leary ◽  
David Duffee
Keyword(s):  
Policy Reform ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Change Strategies ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Change Strategy ◽  
Correctional Policy ◽  
The Relationship

This article points up the need to study the assumptions that underlie correctional administration and to examine correctional change processes systematically. The nature of correctional goals and the different ways they may be classified are described. The authors argue that the offender's motivation of behavior within the system is an important criterion in classifying goals. The change strategy typology of Herbert Kelman is described, and the change agent's modes of compliance, identification, and internalization are related to specifically correctional concerns. Using these change strategies as a base, the authors develop and describe four models of correctional policy: reform, rehabilita tion, reintegration, and restraint. The results of administering a policy questionnaire are reported, with the conclusion that perception of policy may be quite different at various levels in a correctional organization. The relationship between correc tional policy and correctional research is discussed.

scholarly journals Rate of speech and emotional-cognitive regulation in the psychotherapeutic process: a pilot study

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tonti ◽  
Omar C.G. Gelo
Keyword(s):  
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Cognitive Regulation ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Session Change ◽  
Psychotherapy Session ◽  
Rate Of Speech ◽  
Reliable Marker ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the relationship between a client’s rate of speech (ROS) and emotional-cognitive regulation during a psychotherapy session. The ROS was measured in words per second on the timed transcript of a single session of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Emotional-cognitive regulation was assessed using the therapeutic cycles model on emotional tone (ET), abstraction (AB), and their combination in emotion-abstraction patterns (EAPs). The results were mostly consistent with our hypotheses and showed that: i) the ROS negatively correlated with the conjoined ET and AB; and ii) the ROS in the connecting EAP (high ET and high AB) was significantly lower than in other EAPs. The results support the hypothesis that a significant reduction in the client’s ROS may be a reliable marker of in-session change processes. Clinical implications and future developments are discussed.

scholarly journals Understanding the Relationship between Intention and Cat Containment Behaviour: A Case Study of Kitten and Cat Adopters from RSPCA Queensland

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1214
Author(s):  
Lynette J. McLeod ◽  
Di Evans ◽  
Bidda Jones ◽  
Mandy Paterson ◽  
Sarah Zito
Keyword(s):  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Change Strategies ◽  
Animal Shelter ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Relationship

In Australia, cat owners are encouraged to keep their pet cats contained on their property at all times. This study explores the relationship between the intentions and behaviours of 72 kitten and cat adopters from a RSPCA Queensland animal shelter, to provide a more in-depth understanding of the factors influencing the adoption of cat containment behaviours. At the time of adoption, 64 participants (89%) indicated they were intending to keep their cat fully contained. Eight weeks after adoption, 63 participants (87%) reported they were doing so (59 who had stated their intention at the time of adoption, and 4 who had not). We found cat owner containment behaviour was moderately correlated with containment intentions. For some of the participants when it came to enacting this behaviour, their intentions and the provided education information was not enough to overcome the more compelling capability, opportunity and motivational factors which presented themselves once they got home. We were able to identify these factors and suggest additional behaviour change strategies that would assist. Although it is important to provide cat adopters with advice about how to contain their cats properly, these results also highlight the importance of focusing attention on other behaviour change strategies that address the particular barriers faced by some cat-owners who are unsuccessful in keeping their cat contained on their property.

Performance Changing Regularity of No.70 Road Asphalt with Different Aging Time

2013 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Yi Hua Nie ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Li Xin Xu ◽  
Jie Ding
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Road Asphalt ◽  
Performance Indexes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Asphalt Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, rolling thin film oven is used to heat No.70 road asphalt to simulate asphalt aging. Six aging time tests of 0min, 40min, 85min, 180min, 240min and 300min were carried and the relationship of asphalt performance indexes before and after aging was got as well as four components. The analysis results indicate that: as the aging time increases, change processes of all performance indexes followed curve of index and the correlation coefficient reached significant level. Changing regularity of asphalt four components are also got: the contents of saturate and aromatic both decrease with the aging time increasing, while asphaltene content and resin content increased and the increasing speed of resin is faster. Key words: No.70 road asphalt; four components; performance index; aging.

Getting High After Getting Out: Understanding the Relationship Between Support, Stressors, and Drug Use Among Men and Women in Early Reentry

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1839-1864
Author(s):  
Amber D. Griffin ◽  
Melinda Tasca ◽  
Erin A. Orrick
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Violent Offender ◽  
Neighborhood Quality ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Correctional Policy ◽  
The Relationship

This study uses data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) to examine the effects of social support and stressors on self-reported illicit drug use among 1,074 recently released individuals (men = 874; women = 200). Three broad conclusions can be drawn from these findings: (a) Men were more likely than women to use drugs in the first 3 months following release from prison; (b) mental health and neighborhood quality were universal predictors of drug use in early reentry; and (c) social support, stressors, and individual and legal characteristics affected drug use for men and women differently. This work fills knowledge gaps related to the intersection of reentry, gender, and drug use within the context of correctional policy and practice.

The Relationship Between Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Maintenance Processes, Emotional Distress, and Positive Psychotic Symptoms: Evidence That CBT Is “Not a Quasi-Neuroleptic”

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Brockman ◽  
Michael Kiernan ◽  
Vlasios Brakoulias ◽  
Elizabeth Murrell
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
The Relationship

Cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp) has enjoyed a steep rise in popularity over the past 15 years; however, recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have concluded that CBTp has only modest effects on psychotic syndrome outcomes and that empirical evidence of its superiority over other psychosocial treatments is poor. And although it has been argued by some prominent authors that CBTp is not designed to alleviate the “psychotic syndrome,” there is little empirical evidence linking CBTp change mechanisms with syndrome versus single-symptom outcome measures. This study investigated the relationship between CBTp change processes, beliefs about voices, and thought control strategies, with a range of outcome measures including global positive psychotic symptoms in a sample of 40 voice hearers with established diagnosis of psychotic disorder. Consistent with the assertions of Birchwood and Trower (2006), global positive symptoms were found to be generally poorly related to CBTp change processes. Conversely, these CBTp change processes were found to be generally strongly related to measures of emotional distress and some measures of single psychotic symptoms. The implications for past and future CBTp treatment outcome studies are discussed.

scholarly journals Planning for sedentary behaviour interventions: office workers’ survey and focus group responses

2017 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teneale McGuckin ◽  
Rebecca Sealey ◽  
Fiona Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Change Strategies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Behavioural Strategies

Aims: As sedentary behaviour is becoming more prominent in office-based work environments, this study aimed to explore office workers’ perceptions of sedentary behaviour, explore potential behavioural strategies to reduce sedentary behaviour in the workplace and identify barriers which may hamper behaviour change. Methods: A total of 140 office workers were recruited and surveyed from the same workplace. The survey included questions regarding perceptions of the relationship between sitting time and health. Following the survey, 12 employees also participated in focus groups to identify potential sedentary behaviour intervention strategies and barriers. The responses from the survey and focus groups were thematically analysed. Results: In total, 88% of all participants surveyed agreed that there was a relationship between sitting time and their health. The most prominent theme identified was musculoskeletal complaints followed by general health and weight gain or obesity. The focus groups identified that interventions targeting reducing sitting time should include education, supportive and knowledgeable managers, and a variety of behaviour change strategies to address individual preferences and barriers. Conclusion: Multiple behavioural strategies were identified, which appear to be appropriate for sedentary behaviour change.

scholarly journals Why Ecological Footprint Calculators Should Move beyond Information Provision – An Empirical Study of the Relationship between Environmental Knowledge and Ecological Footprint

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne L. Kok ◽  
Wolmet Barendregt
Keyword(s):  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Change Strategies ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship

Ecological footprint calculators are digital tools that help individuals calculate their environmental or climate impact, with the aim of stimulating pro-environmental behaviour change. These footprint calculators typically take an information-provision approach, but this strategy assumes that increased levels of knowledge result in increased levels of pro-environmental behaviour (i.e., a reduced footprint). This is not a given – existing literature on the relationship between environmental knowledge and pro-environmental behaviour is inconclusive, and this relationship may be different from that of environmental knowledge and ecological footprint. As such, we investigated the relationship between environmental knowledge and ecological footprint as estimated by a footprint calculator. 448 Dutch participants completed an online survey, including an ecological footprint calculator. We found no evidence for a relationship between environmental knowledge and ecological footprint calculator outcome. Rather, an exploratory analysis of our data showed that environmental values were more important predictors of ecological footprint. The finding that increased levels of knowledge are not related to a reduced ecological footprint suggests that calculators would do well to move beyond information provision, and employ additional behaviour change strategies. Based on our exploratory analysis, we provide several concrete examples of potential strategies.

scholarly journals Systemic change: Rational and emotional elements

1995 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Mike Hannibal ◽  
Nadarajah Sriskandarajah
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Systemic Change ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Agricultural Change ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
The Relationship

A series of composite case studies is used to explore some effects of agricultural change on farmers. The "grower", the "opportunist", the "tuner" and the "passenger" are presented as representing a range of true life scenarios, to illustrate how many of the assumptions about the relationship between the farmer and extension worker hinder the fostering of change processes. Keywords: change, emotions, extension workers, farmers, human relationships, rationality, systemic change

scholarly journals Commercial ventures in nonprofit organizations: stratgegic change or natural evolution?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes G. Meinhard ◽  
Louise Moher ◽  
Mary K. Foster ◽  
Susan Fitzrandolph
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
Planned Change ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Change Strategies ◽  
Natural Evolution ◽  
Working Paper

This paper investigates the change processes involved in establishing commercial ventures as revenue generating alternatives in eleven nonprofit organizations, and reports on factors contributing to their success. The eleven cases studied illustrate that the establishment of commercial ventures in nonprofit organizations may result from either deliberate planning or following emergent opportunities. Regardless of whether change was emergent or deliberate, successful organizations were ones that did not try to radically change their paradigms. Their ventures were either merely an extension of existing physical or human resources, or entwined with their mission very early in their life cycle. The unsuccessful and struggling ventures, however, were the result of intended, deliberately planned change strategies that failed because the ventures failed to mesh with the organization’s paradigm. Keywords: CVSS, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Working Paper Series,TRSM, Ted Rogers School of Management Citation:

scholarly journals Outperforming Peers Through A Comprehensive Climate Change Strategy: The Case of Electric Utilities

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Edeltraud Guenther ◽  
Alexandra Schmidt ◽  
Anne Bergmann ◽  
Julia Hilmann
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Electric Utilities ◽  
Change Strategies ◽  
Change Strategy ◽  
Corporate Managers ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Corporate Context ◽  
Combat Climate Change ◽  
Better Than

Firms increasingly aim to combat climate change. For corporate managers,the question whether a related strategy affects financial performance arises. Sinceempirical research on this topic is rather sparse, this study investigates whetherpursuing a corporate climate change strategy leads to better corporate financialperformance. By applying paired samples t-tests, a sample of 62 companies fromthe electric utilities sector matched in pairs is investigated over a five-year timespan. Results indicate that firms with a comprehensive climate change strategypredominantly perform significantly better than their competitors without such astrategy. These findings might contribute to promoting climate change strategies ina corporate context.

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