EXPRESS: Neither timeless, nor placeless: Control of food delivery gig work via place-based working time regimes

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872672110252
Author(s):  
Heiner Heiland
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Hybrid Control ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Regime ◽  
Empirical Material

Working time regimes in platform labour are so far either ignored as a topic in research on gig work, or they are framed as an allocative instrument only. This paper argues that working time regimes instead have both a coordinating and controlling effect. Adopting the analytical framework of Labour Process Theory, the paper hence focuses on the interrelation of working time and control regimes. The empirical material presented stems from research on platform-based food courier work in Germany and is based on a mixed methods research design con-sisting of interviews, multi-sited ethnography and a survey. The findings show that platforms implement hybrid control regimes that are not only based on the sufficiently analysed algo-rithmic management, but also on complementary control through working time regimes: tem-poral control. Platforms organise intra-platform markets where workers compete for shifts by means of performance. Thus, platforms are able to ensure an efficient and simultaneously reliable use of an autonomous and spatially distributed workforce. Furthermore, it is shown that platform labour is not placeless, either. The effects of its control regime vary according to different local conditions. As a result, platforms cannot be analysed only as techno-cultural ecosystems, but also as local-specific socio-economic structures.

Boilerplate

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Jane Radin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Jury Trial ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
New Methods ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fine Print

Boilerplate—the fine-print terms and conditions that we become subject to when we click “I agree” online, rent an apartment, or enter an employment contract, for example—pervades all aspects of our modern lives. On a daily basis, most of us accept boilerplate provisions without realizing that should a dispute arise about a purchased good or service, the nonnegotiable boilerplate terms can deprive us of our right to jury trial and relieve providers of responsibility for harm. Boilerplate is the first comprehensive treatment of the problems posed by the increasing use of these terms, demonstrating how their use has degraded traditional notions of consent, agreement, and contract, and sacrificed core rights whose loss threatens the democratic order. This book examines attempts to justify the use of boilerplate provisions by claiming either that recipients freely consent to them or that economic efficiency demands them, and it finds these justifications wanting. It argues that our courts, legislatures, and regulatory agencies have fallen short in their evaluation and oversight of the use of boilerplate clauses. To improve legal evaluation of boilerplate, the book offers a new analytical framework, one that takes into account the nature of the rights affected, the quality of the recipient's consent, and the extent of the use of these terms. It goes on to offer possibilities for new methods of boilerplate evaluation and control, and concludes by discussing positive steps that NGOs, legislators, regulators, courts, and scholars could take to bring about better practices.

scholarly journals Boundaryless working hours and recovery in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Vieten ◽  
Anne Marit Wöhrmann ◽  
Alexandra Michel
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Overtime Work ◽  
Psychological Detachment ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Recovery Experiences ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Extended Work

Abstract Objective Due to recent trends such as globalization and digitalization, more and more employees tend to have flexible working time arrangements, including boundaryless working hours. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of various aspects of boundaryless working hours (overtime, Sunday work, and extended work availability) with employees’ state of recovery. Besides, we examined the mediating and moderating role of recovery experiences (psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery, and control) in these relationships. Methods We used data from 8586 employees (48% women; average age of 48 years) who took part in the 2017 BAuA-Working Time Survey, a representative study of the German working population. Regression analyses were conducted to test main effects as well as mediation and moderation. Results Overtime work, Sunday work, and extended work availability were negatively related to state of recovery. Psychological detachment mediated these relationships. Furthermore, we found that relaxation and control mediated the association between extended work availability and state of recovery. However, no relevant moderating effects were found. Conclusions Altogether, our findings indicate that various aspects of boundaryless working hours pose a risk to employees’ state of recovery and that especially psychological detachment is a potential mechanism in these relationships. In addition, the results suggest that a high level of recovery experiences cannot attenuate these negative relationships in leisure time. Therefore, employers and employees alike should try to avoid or minimize boundaryless working hours.

scholarly journals Assessing Commensality in Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2632
Author(s):  
Henrik Scander ◽  
Agneta Yngve ◽  
Maria Lennernäs Wiklund
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Dietary Surveys ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Empirical Material

This scoping review focuses on the assessment of commensality in research and attempts to identify used methods for performing research on commensality. It reflects a multidisciplinary research field and draws on findings from Web of Science Core Collection, up to April 2019. The empirical material consisted of 61 studies, whereof most were qualitative research, and some were of quantitative character, including very few dietary surveys. The findings show nine papers categorized as using quantitative approaches, 52 papers were categorized as qualitative. The results show a wide variety of different ways to try to find and understand how commensality can be understood and identified. There seems to be a shift in the very concept of commensality as well as some variations around the concept. This paper argues the need to further investigate the importance of commensality for health and wellbeing, as well as the need to gather data on health and health-related behaviors, living conditions and sociodemographic data in parallel. The review shows the broad-ranging areas where commensality is researched, from cultural and historical areas to ethnographic or anthropological areas over to dietary assessment. To complement large dietary surveys with methods of assessing who you are eating with in what environment should be a simple way to further our knowledge on the circumstances of meal intake and the importance of commensality. To add 24-h dietary recall to any study of commensality is another way of identifying the importance of commensality for dietary quality. The use of mixed methods research was encouraged by several authors as a good way forward in the assessment of commensality and its importance.

scholarly journals Optimum Aggregation and Control of Spatially Distributed Flexible Resources in Smart Grid

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 5311-5322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu P. Bhattarai ◽  
Iker Diaz de Cerio Mendaza ◽  
Kurt S. Myers ◽  
Birgitte Bak-Jensen ◽  
Sumit Paudyal
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Flexible Resources ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
And Control

Data fusion and simulation-based planning and control in cyber physical system for digital assembly of aeroplane

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Linxuan Zhang ◽  
Tianyuan Xiao ◽  
Jietao Dong
Keyword(s):  
Data Fusion ◽  
Hybrid Control ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Asynchronous Sampling ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
And Control ◽  
Distributed Fusion

This paper introduces a CPS application for intelligent aeroplane assembly. At first, the CPS structure is presented, which acquires the characteristics of general CPS and enables "simulation-based planning and control" to achieve high level intelligent assembly. Then the paper puts forward data fusion estimation algorithm under synchronous and asynchronous sampling, respectively. The experiment shows that global optimal distributed fusion estimation under synchronized sampling proves to be closer to the actual value compared with ordinary weighted estimation, and multi-scale distributed fusion estimation algorithm of wavelet under asynchronous sampling does not need time registration, it can also directly link to data, and the error is smaller. This paper presents hybrid control strategy under the circumstance of joint action of the inner and outer loop to address the problems caused by the less controllable feature of the parallel mechanism when undertaking online process simulation and control. A robust adaptive sliding mode controller is designed based on disturbance observer to restrain inner interference and maintain robustness. At the same time, an outer collaborative trajectory planning is also designed. All the experiment results show the feasibility of above proposed methods.

scholarly journals ACCOUNTING OF WAGES WITH THE USE OF BIOMETRICS TO ENSURE CYBERSECURITY OF ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (38) ◽  
pp. 162-172
Author(s):  
Z.-M. Zadorozhnyy ◽  
V. Muravskyi ◽  
S. Yatsyshyn ◽  
O. Shevchuk
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Biometric Authentication ◽  
Biometric Technology ◽  
Job Functions ◽  
Authentication System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Control

Abstract. Modern conditions of growing cyber threats caused by the hybrid conflicts around the world and looming biological threat of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitate the introduction of biometric authentication of employees, leading to the transformation in the methodology and organization of accounting at enterprises. The procedure for accounting and control of time worked and wages of the employees is the first to undergo changes due to the forcibly limited access of employees to the enterprise data and premises, which determines the topicality and aims of this research. The aim of the article is to investigate the prospects for monitoring the working time and movement of employees on the premises (facilities) of the enterprise with the use of biometric technology in order to develop the methodology of automation of the accounting of payments made to employees and to ensure the cybersecurity of economic entities. The prospects of using an automated employee checkpoint system based on biometrics for the purposes of accounting and control are explored. The paper improves the methodology of accounting and control over the working time and wages of employees based on the automated employee authentication system using data on the time spent on premises and performance of job functions. Recommendations are made on ensuring biological and cyber security of enterprises in terms of categorizing the enterprise premises and equipment according to their functions and level of access to information and material flows. The research examines the prospects of accounting for the employee costs, as well as accurate distribution of overhead and other costs based on data of the biometric employee authentication system. It is advised to conduct further research into the peculiarities of methodology and organization of accounting under conditions of distance and isolated job performance by accounting employees, as it raises the requirements to cybersecurity of enterprises. Keywords: accounting, working time, wages (salary), biometrics, employee authentication, automation of accounting and control, cybersecurity, COVID-19. JEL Classification M41, M49 Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 18.

Environmental Degradation, Tropical Diseases, and Economic Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Luke Gallup
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

It’s complicated. Tropical diseases have unusually intricate life cycles because most of them involve not only a human host and a pathogen, but also a vector host. The diseases are predominantly tropical due to their sensitivity to local ecology, usually due to the vector organism. The differences between the tropical diseases mean that they respond to environmental degradation in various ways that depend on local conditions. Urbanization and water pollution tend to limit malaria, but deforestation and dams can exacerbate malaria and schistosomiasis. Global climate change, the largest environmental change, will likely extend the range of tropical climate conditions to higher elevations and near the limits of the tropics, spreading some diseases, but will make other areas too dry or hot for the vectors. Nonetheless, the geographical range of tropical diseases will be primarily determined by public health efforts more than climate. Early predictions that malaria will spread widely because of climate change were flawed, and control efforts will probably cause it to diminish further. The impact of human disease on economic development is hard to pin down with confidence. It may be substantial, or it may be misattributed to other influences. A mechanism by which tropical disease may have large development consequences is its deleterious effects on the cognitive development of infants, which makes them less productive throughout their lives.

scholarly journals Gender and Ethnicity Dimensions in Relation to Access to and Control Over Household Resources in Nepal

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
D Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Household Resources ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Rural Nepal ◽  
And Control

The study examined gender roles in access to, and control over, household resources in three culturally distinct ethnic groups of rural Nepal. Gender analysis using Harvard Analytical Framework and face-to-face interviews with one male and one female member from each of the 123 households were conducted. The results indicated that men dominated in all aspects of household resources in all the ethnic groups (Brahmin/Chhetri, Gurung, and Tharu). The Gurung women fared relatively better compared to women in other two ethnic groups. This could be due to prolonged absence of male household members among Gurung households. The responses from female household members were mostly in conformity with those obtained from male members. Furthermore, findings from the gender analysis were consistent with household survey results conducted by 1998. The validation of findings using both methods suggests that the results are reliable and can be used for policy formulation for rural development. Key words: Gender, household resources, ethnicity, farming J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26:135-141 (2005)

scholarly journals Watching over or Working with? Understanding Social Work Innovation in Response to Extra-Familial Harm

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Elizabeth Wroe ◽  
Jenny Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Public Bodies

This paper critically reflects on the role of surveillance and trusted relationships in social work in England and Wales. It explores the characteristics of relationships of trust and relationships of surveillance and asks how these approaches apply to emerging policy and practices responses to extra-familial forms of harm (EFH). Five bodies of research that explore safeguarding responses across a range of public bodies are drawn on to present an analytical framework that explores elements of safeguarding responses, constituting relationships of trust or relationships of surveillance and control. This analytic framework is applied to two case studies, each of which detail a recent practice innovation in response to EFH studied by the authors, as part of a larger body of work under the Contextual Safeguarding programme. The application of this framework signals a number of critical issues related to the focus/rationale, methods and impact of interventions into EFH that should be considered in future work to address EFH, to ensure young people’s rights to privacy and participation are upheld.

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