scholarly journals Assessing Commensality in Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2632
Author(s):  
Henrik Scander ◽  
Agneta Yngve ◽  
Maria Lennernäs Wiklund
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Dietary Surveys ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Empirical Material

This scoping review focuses on the assessment of commensality in research and attempts to identify used methods for performing research on commensality. It reflects a multidisciplinary research field and draws on findings from Web of Science Core Collection, up to April 2019. The empirical material consisted of 61 studies, whereof most were qualitative research, and some were of quantitative character, including very few dietary surveys. The findings show nine papers categorized as using quantitative approaches, 52 papers were categorized as qualitative. The results show a wide variety of different ways to try to find and understand how commensality can be understood and identified. There seems to be a shift in the very concept of commensality as well as some variations around the concept. This paper argues the need to further investigate the importance of commensality for health and wellbeing, as well as the need to gather data on health and health-related behaviors, living conditions and sociodemographic data in parallel. The review shows the broad-ranging areas where commensality is researched, from cultural and historical areas to ethnographic or anthropological areas over to dietary assessment. To complement large dietary surveys with methods of assessing who you are eating with in what environment should be a simple way to further our knowledge on the circumstances of meal intake and the importance of commensality. To add 24-h dietary recall to any study of commensality is another way of identifying the importance of commensality for dietary quality. The use of mixed methods research was encouraged by several authors as a good way forward in the assessment of commensality and its importance.

Abstract P206: Diet Quality is Lower Among Adolescents Who Skip Lunch

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer M Clason ◽  
Lori Spruance ◽  
Leann Myers ◽  
Keelia O'Malley ◽  
Carolyn Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Quality Diet

Introduction: A healthy diet is key in preventing chronic diseases and black adults have higher rates of hypertension, obesity, and heart disease death rates compared to their white counterparts. Because dietary habits track from adolescence to adulthood, it is important to understand dietary habits of adolescents. This study aimed to examine the dietary quality among adolescents who skip lunch compared to those who do not. Methods: Data were collected in 2012 from 718 adolescents attending schools in New Orleans, Louisiana. Schools were high-poverty and closed-campus. Adolescents participated in a 24-hour dietary recall using the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour (ASA24) Dietary Assessment Tool and data were converted into Healthy Eating Index (HEI-10) scores (range 0-100; higher scores reflect higher quality diet). Mean scores were compared between students who skipped lunch and those who did not. Results: Of the 718 respondents, 88.3% were black and 15.3% of students skipped lunch. Students who ate lunch had a mean HEI score of 46.6 compared to a mean score of 41.7 for students who skipped lunch (p<0.001). Students who skipped lunch also had significantly lower intake of total vegetables, whole fruits, total dairy, total protein, and higher intake of empty calories (Solid fats, alcohols, and added sugars (SoFASS)). Conclusions: Skipping lunch was associated with lower quality diet, though diet quality was low among all students. Students who skip lunch are less likely to consume vegetables, whole fruits, whole grains, and proteins and have higher intake of SoFASS. Considering over 15% of the sample did not eat lunch in a closed-campus school setting, further research should consider how to encourage students to participate in the National School Lunch Program. Table 1. HEI score comparisons between those who skip and do not skip lunch.

scholarly journals Health and longevity studies in C. elegans: the “healthy worm database” reveals strengths, weaknesses and gaps of test compound-based studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-236
Author(s):  
Nadine Saul ◽  
Steffen Möller ◽  
Francesca Cirulli ◽  
Alessandra Berry ◽  
Walter Luyten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Genetic Manipulations ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Phenotype Measurement ◽  
Or Gene

AbstractSeveral biogerontology databases exist that focus on genetic or gene expression data linked to health as well as survival, subsequent to compound treatments or genetic manipulations in animal models. However, none of these has yet collected experimental results of compound-related health changes. Since quality of life is often regarded as more valuable than length of life, we aim to fill this gap with the “Healthy Worm Database” (http://healthy-worm-database.eu). Literature describing health-related compound studies in the aging model Caenorhabditis elegans was screened, and data for 440 compounds collected. The database considers 189 publications describing 89 different phenotypes measured in 2995 different conditions. Besides enabling a targeted search for promising compounds for further investigations, this database also offers insights into the research field of studies on healthy aging based on a frequently used model organism. Some weaknesses of C. elegans-based aging studies, like underrepresented phenotypes, especially concerning cognitive functions, as well as the convenience-based use of young worms as the starting point for compound treatment or phenotype measurement are discussed. In conclusion, the database provides an anchor for the search for compounds affecting health, with a link to public databases, and it further highlights some potential shortcomings in current aging research.

scholarly journals Development and Application of a Total Diet Quality Index for Toddlers

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1943
Author(s):  
Melissa C. Kay ◽  
Emily W. Duffy ◽  
Lisa J. Harnack ◽  
Andrea S. Anater ◽  
Joel C. Hampton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Diet Quality Index

For the first time, the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans include recommendations for infants and toddlers under 2 years old. We aimed to create a diet quality index based on a scoring system for ages 12 to 23.9 months, the Toddler Diet Quality Index (DQI), and evaluate its construct validity using 24 h dietary recall data collected from a national sample of children from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016. The mean (standard error) Toddler DQI was 49 (0.6) out of 100 possible points, indicating room for improvement. Toddlers under-consumed seafood, greens and beans, and plant proteins and over-consumed refined grains and added sugars. Toddler DQI scores were higher among children who were ever breastfed, lived in households with higher incomes, and who were Hispanic. The Toddler DQI performed as expected and offers a measurement tool to assess the dietary quality of young children in accordance with federal nutrition guidelines. This is important for providing guidance that can be used to inform public health nutrition policies, programs, and practices to improve diets of young children.

Potential of existing online 24-hour dietary recall tools for national dietary surveys

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-62
Author(s):  
Rozenn Gazan ◽  
Florent Vieux ◽  
Ségolène Mora ◽  
Sabrina Havard ◽  
Carine Dubuisson
Keyword(s):  
Grey Literature ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Require Time ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Dietary Surveys ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Web Platform ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract Objective: To describe existing online 24-hour dietary recall (24hDR) tools in terms of functionalities and ability to tackle challenges encountered during national dietary surveys, such as maximizing response rates and collecting high-quality data from a representative sample of the population, while minimizing the cost and response burden. Design: A search (from 2000 to 2019) was conducted in peer-reviewed and grey literature. For each tool, information on functionalities, validation and user usability studies, and potential adaptability for integration into a new context was collected. Setting: Not country-specific Participants: General population Results: Eighteen online 24hDR tools were identified. Most were developed in Europe, for children ≥10 years old and/or for adults. Eight followed the five multiple-pass steps, but used various methodologies and features. Almost all tools (except three) validated their nutrient intake estimates, but with high heterogeneity in methodologies. User usability was not always assessed, and rarely by applying real-time methods. For researchers, eight tools developed a web platform to manage the survey and five appeared to be easily adaptable to a new context. Conclusions: Among the eighteen online 24hDR tools identified, the best candidates to be used in national dietary surveys should be those that were validated for their intake estimates, had confirmed user and researcher usability, and seemed sufficiently flexible to be adapted to new contexts. Regardless of the tool, adaptation to another context will still require time and funding, and this is probably the most challenging step.

scholarly journals Comparison of a picture-sort food-frequency questionnaire with 24-hour dietary recalls in an elderly Utah population

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 961-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi J Wengreen ◽  
Ronald G Munger ◽  
Siew Sun Wong ◽  
Nancy A West ◽  
Richard Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Memory Skill

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the 137-item Utah Picture-sort Food-frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) in the measurement of usual dietary intake in older adults.Design:The picture-sort FFQ was administered at baseline and again one year later. Three seasonal 24-hour dietary recall interviews were collected during the year between the two FFQs. Mean nutrient intakes were compared between methods and between administrations of the FFQ.Setting:The FFQ interviews were administered in respondents' homes or care-centres. The 24-hour diet recalls were conducted by telephone interview on random days of the week.Subjects:Two-hundred-and-eight men and women aged 55–84 years were recruited by random sample of controls from a case–control study of nutrition and bone health in Utah.Results:After adjustment for total energy intake, median Spearman rank correlation coefficients between the two picture-sort FFQs were 0.69 for men aged ≤69 years, 0.66 for men aged >69 years; and 0.68 for women aged ≤69 years, 0.67 for women aged >69 years. Median correlation coefficients between methods were 0.50 for men ≤69 years old, 0.52 for men >69 years old; 0.55 for women ≤69 years old, 0.46 for women >69 years old.Conclusions:We report intake correlations between methods and administrations comparable to those reported in the literature for traditional paper-and-pencil FFQs and one other picture-sort method of FFQ. This dietary assessment method may improve ease and accuracy of response in this and other populations with low literacy levels, poor memory skill, impaired hearing, or poor vision.

scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge and practice of oral health among nursing and pharmacy students

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4339
Author(s):  
Chetanjit Baruah ◽  
Alpana P. Rabha ◽  
Hiranya Saikia
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Background: Oral health is an integral part of general health and wellbeing of an individual at every stage of life. Good oral health knowledge is a requisite criterion for good oral health related behavior. So, this study was done to assess knowledge and practice about oral health and whether there is any difference of knowledge and practice about it among nursing and pharmacy students.Methods: A cross sectional study was done among 110 nursing and 90 pharmacy students in June 2019 by stratified random sampling method using a self-administered predesigned structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were applied using SPSS software.Results: Knowledge and practice of pharmacy students was found to be better than nursing students.Conclusions: Knowledge and practice of the students should be improved through health education.

scholarly journals Limited Knowledge and Unsafe Practices in Usage of Pesticides and The Associated Toxicity Symptoms among Farmers in Tullo and Finchawa Rural Kebeles, Hawassa City, Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana MHD Jamal Alshalati
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

The insufficient knowledge regarding safe and proper pesticide handling by farmers in developing countries has led to extensive agricultural expansions at the expense of the health of farmers. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and field practices of farmers regarding pesticide handling, and to determine the prevalence of acute and chronic health-related problems in Finchawa and Tullo rural Kebeles of Hawassa City Administration. A cross-sectional mixed methods research design was employed to capture the fuller image of the issue. Farmers’ knowledge regarding pesticide handling and toxicity found to be on average. The odds of the knowledge concerning proper pesticide handling was positively influenced by the factor of age, access to training; and years of experience; Field practices adopted by farmers were disappointing and intentional suicide incidents among teenagers were the result of farmers’ unsafe storage. Nearly all the farmers did not use any means of PPE, and the lack of awareness about the dermal route presented a high risk of exposure. The common self-reported toxicity symptoms experienced by the participants included a headache (84.93%) and slow heartbeats (72.60%). The odds of prevalence of long-term toxicity symptoms found to be negatively correlated with the training factor while the same was positively influenced by the working hours in the farm. The study revealed that there is a high risk of exposure among farmers and their families in the study area.

scholarly journals Association Between Dietary Quality and Postpartum Depression in Lactating Women: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Urban China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenlu Yang ◽  
Ai Zhao ◽  
Hanglian Lan ◽  
Zhongxia Ren ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Food Variety

Background: Evidence on the effects of dietary quality on the risk of postpartum depression in the Chinese population is limited. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary quality and postpartum depression in Chinses lactating women.Methods: A total of 939 participants from 10 cities were included in this analysis. A one-time 24-h dietary recall was used to obtain the data on food consumption and dietary quality was assessed based on Diet Balance Index. The Edinburgh postnatal depression scale was considered at a cutoff point of 10 to detect postpartum depression. Poisson regression models were used to explore the association of dietary quality with postpartum depression.Results: Depressed women tended to have a more inadequate intake of vegetables and have more insufficient food variety. The median (25th, 75th) of the overall high bound score (HBS), low bound score (LBS), and diet quality distance (DQD) was 9 (5, 14), 30 (25, 37), and 40 (34, 47), respectively. Compared with subjects with the lowest quartile of LBS, those with the highest quartile of LBS had a higher risk of postpartum depression [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR), 1.08; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.01, 1.15; P for trend, 0.043]. We also observed a significant association between DQD and postpartum depression (Q4 vs. Q1: aPR, 1.07; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.14; P for trend, 0.036).Conclusion: Poor dietary quality was associated with postpartum depression in Chinese lactating women.

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