scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Individual Characteristics and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Provinces of Milan and Lodi

2021 ◽  
pp. 002073142199484
Author(s):  
David Consolazio ◽  
Rossella Murtas ◽  
Sara Tunesi ◽  
Federico Gervasi ◽  
David Benassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Educational Disadvantage ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Block Level ◽  
The Impact

Social inequalities in health are known to be influenced by the socioeconomic status of the territory in which people live. In the context of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, this study is aimed at assessing the role of 5 area-level indicators in shaping the risk of contagion in the provinces of Milan and Lodi (Lombardy, Italy), namely: educational disadvantage, unemployment, housing crowding, mobility, and population density. The study area includes the municipalities at the origin of the first Italian epidemic outbreak. Data on COVID-19 patients from the Integrated Datawarehouse for COVID Analysis in Milan were used and matched with aggregate-level data from the National Institute of Statistics Italy (Istat). Multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between the census block-level predictors and COVID-19 infection, independently of age, sex, country of birth, and preexisting health conditions. All the variables were significantly associated with the outcome, with different effects before and after the lockdown and according to the province of residence. This suggests a pattern of socioeconomic inequalities in the outbreak, which should be taken into account in the eventuality of future epidemics to contain their spread and its related disparities.

scholarly journals Impact of Individual and Neighborhood dimensions of Socioeconomic Status on the Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment over Seven-Year Follow-Up

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Fernández-Blázquez ◽  
Bárbara Noriega-Ruiz ◽  
Marina Ávila-Villanueva ◽  
Meritxell Valentí-Soler ◽  
Belén Frades-Payo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

IMPORTANCE: There is strong evidence about the association between low socioeconomic status (SES) and higher risk of dementia. However, it has not been conveniently addressed so far the role of SES on the incidence of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) which is considered a prodromal stage of latter dementia.OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of individual and neighborhood dimensions of SES, as well as their interaction, on the risk of developing MCI in a sample of older adults that were followed-up for seven years.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data from the Vallecas Project cohort, an ongoing community-based longitudinal study for early detection of cognitive impairment and dementia, were used to build two indices of SES namely individual and neighborhood, as well as a global SES as a combination of both, and to investigate their effects on MCI conversion by means of a multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Based on data referred to as individual-level (one´s educational attainment, occupation, parent´s level of education) and neighborhood-level (district´s income, unemployment rate, housing price, percentage of people with no formal qualifications, with higher education, and with white-collar employs) different composite measures of SES were built and quartiles were considered for further analyses. MCI diagnoses were agreed between neurologists and neuropsychologists at consensus meetings.RESULTS: 1180 participants aged 70 years and older were enrolled in this study (mean age at baseline, 74.9 years; 63.5% females). Of these, 199 cases of MCI (16.9%) were diagnosed at any point of the follow-up. The individual and neighborhood dimensions of SES played different roles in the dynamics of the MCI occurrence through ageing. Most importantly, the risk of developing MCI was almost double for lower SES quartiles when compared to the highest one.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The incidence of MCI in older adults was related to both individual characteristics and socioeconomic context. Public health strategies should be holistic and focus not only on promoting the classical individual preventive measures, but also on reducing social inequalities as a means of fostering healthy ageing and reducing dementia burden.

Wzbogacona rzeczywistość a nierówności społeczne

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Piotr Nieradka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Augmented Reality Technology ◽  
Digital Gap ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

This paper focuses on the technology of extended reality, whereby the aim is to draw attention to selected issues related to technology and solutions in the extended reality area in the context of social inequalities. The first part of the article discusses the essence of extended reality technology, paying attention to its place in the modern economy, along with a description of such solutions. The remainder of the study focuses on the issue of social inequality, with particular emphasis on the impact of extended reality on the problem of the digital gap and digital divide. The article presents the results of original research undertaken on a group of 88 respondents with both CAWI and equipment supporting augmented reality technology, of which 39.36% declared testing with this type of equipment in the past. The article also presents the results of original research with the use of XR equipment. XR-related solutions are currently still perceived as luxury goods, despite both the increasing availability for users and undoubtedly unique advantages. These include realism of generated experiences and the phenomenon of immersion in the synthetic world. The analysis of the role of such solutions in the context of social inequality provides a conclusion about their dichotomous nature. On the one hand, by popularizing the XR technology, the possibility of overcoming barriers and inequalities resulting from individual characteristics or social position is created, which leads to the improvement in the life situations of some people who have been struggling with exclusion so far. On the other hand, it provides the conclusion that such advanced technology entering everyday life has the potential to create another digital divide, which in the long term will result in increasing digital disproportions and exclusion.

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Stroke Incidence: A Systematic Review

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011892
Author(s):  
Yeonwoo Kim ◽  
Erica Twardzik ◽  
Suzanne E. Judd ◽  
Natalie Colabianchi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo summarize overall patterns of the impact of neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) on incidence stroke and uncover potential gaps in the literature, we conducted a systematic review of studies examining the association between nSES and incident stroke, independent of individual socioeconomic status (SES).MethodsFour electronic databases and reference lists of included articles were searched, and corresponding authors were contacted to locate additional studies. A keyword search strategy included the three broad domains of neighborhood, SES, and stroke. Eight studies met our inclusion criteria (e.g., nSES as an exposure, individual SES as a covariate, and incident stroke as an outcome). We coded study methodology and findings across the eight studies.ResultsThe results provide evidence for the overall nSES and incident stroke association in Sweden and Japan, but not within the United States. Findings were inconclusive when examining the nSES-incident stroke association stratified by race. We found evidence for the mediating role of biological factors in the nSES-incident stroke association.ConclusionsHigher neighborhood disadvantage was found to be associated with higher stroke risk, but it was not significant in all the studies. The relationship between nSES and stroke risk within different racial groups in the United States was inconclusive. Inconsistencies may be driven by differences in covariate adjustment (e.g., individual-level sociodemographic characteristics, neighborhood-level racial composition). Additional research is needed to investigate potential intermediate and modifiable factors of the nSES and incident stroke association, which could serve as intervention points.

scholarly journals The Impact of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Race on the Prescribing of Opioids in Emergency Departments Throughout the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1604-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Joynt ◽  
Meghan K. Train ◽  
Brett W. Robbins ◽  
Jill S. Halterman ◽  
Enrico Caiola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Associations Between Socioeconomic Status and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Greater Magnitude of Perinatal Inequities in Montreal Than in Brussels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouctar Sow ◽  
Marie-France Raynault ◽  
Myriam Spiegelaere
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective This paper compares the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and 1) low birth weight (LBW) and 2) preterm birth, in Brussels and Montreal, and discusses hypotheses that may explain the differences between these two regions. Methods This population-based study uses administrative databases from Belgian and Quebec birth records. The analysis is based on 97,844 and 214,620 singleton live births in Brussels and Montreal, respectively. Logistic regression models were developed for each region in order to estimate the relationship between SES (maternal education and income quintile) and pregnancy outcomes. The analyses were performed for all births according to the mother’s origin. Results SES is associated with LBW and preterm birth in both regions. This association varies according to the mother’s birth place; the impact of SES being greater for mothers born in Belgium or Canada than for those born abroad. The main difference between the two regions concerns the magnitude of perinatal inequalities, which is greater in Montreal than in Brussels, whether among the general population, native-born mothers, or immigrant mothers. Conclusion Significant differences in social inequalities in perinatal health are observed between Brussels and Montreal. The different characteristics of low-income and immigrant households between the two contexts help explain these results. In fact, the poor are relatively poorer in Quebec than in Belgium and live in a more unequal context.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Group Spatial Assimilation in Inner and Outer Suburban Rings

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Grigoris Argeros
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Spatial Assimilation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Status Characteristics ◽  
Suburban Ring ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Assimilation Model

The present study examines inner and outer suburban ring attainment outcomes among racial and ethnic groups that reside in the nation’s metropolitan areas. The main objective is to evaluate the extent to which the relationship between racial and ethnic group’s socioeconomic status characteristics and residence between inner and outer suburban rings conforms to the tenets of the spatial assimilation model. Using micro-level data from the five-year 2012–2016 American Community Survey, the author calculates multinomial logistic regression models to determine the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and other relevant predictors on residence within the nation’s metropolitan area’s suburban inner and outer rings. The results both confirm and contradict the main tenets of the spatial assimilation model. To the extent that income, education, and homeownership are positively related to residence in both suburban rings, the findings also suggest that access to inner and outer rings is hierarchically stratified by race and ethnicity.

scholarly journals The impact of socioeconomic status on stage specific prostate cancer survival and mortality before and after introduction of PSA test in Finland

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 891-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki A. Seikkula ◽  
Antti J. Kaipia ◽  
Heidi Ryynänen ◽  
Karri Seppä ◽  
Janne M. Pitkäniemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Psa Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Appropriation of the Front-of-Pack Nutrition Label Nutri-Score across the French Population: Evolution of Awareness, Support, and Purchasing Behaviors between 2018 and 2019

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2887
Author(s):  
Barthélemy Sarda ◽  
Chantal Julia ◽  
Anne-Juliette Serry ◽  
Pauline Ducrot
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Awareness Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Since the implementation of the Nutri-Score on a voluntary basis in 2017 in France, very few studies have evaluated how the label was recognized and used by consumers. The goal of this study was to assess the evolution of awareness, support, and perceived impact on purchasing behaviors of the Nutri-Score in France. Between April 2018 and May 2019, a total of 4006 participants were recruited across three successive waves and answered questions regarding awareness of the Nutri-Score, support of the measure, and change of behavior following the implementation of the Nutri-Score via an online survey. Descriptive analyses to assess the evolution over time were performed, as well as logistic regression models to evaluate associations between the different outcomes and individual characteristics. From April 2018 to May 2019, the awareness of the Nutri-Score increased considerably, reaching 81.5% in May 2019. Since April 2018, a steady proportion of participants—9 out of 10—showed strong support toward the measure and a similar proportion, 87.2%, declared being in favor of making the Nutri-Score mandatory. The impact on purchasing behaviors appeared promising given the limited implementation of the label, with 42.9% of the participants reporting they modified their purchasing behaviors thanks to the measure. Multivariate analyses showed that the impact on purchasing behaviors of the Nutri-Score was greater over time, on younger populations and on frequent labeling readers. Our results suggested that the labeling system was well received and used by all socioeconomic groups, including subgroups who are more likely to have a lower-quality diet.

scholarly journals Racial and socioeconomic disparities in outcomes following pediatric cerebrospinal fluid shunt procedures

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 560-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Attenello ◽  
Alvin Ng ◽  
Timothy Wen ◽  
Steven Y. Cen ◽  
Nerses Sanossian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Socioeconomic Disparities ◽  
Csf Shunt ◽  
Health Care Outcomes ◽  
Shunt Procedure ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Csf Shunting ◽  
The Impact

OBJECT Racial and socioeconomic disparities within the US health care system are a growing concern. Despite extensive research and efforts to narrow such disparities, minorities and economically disadvantaged patients continue to exhibit inferior health care outcomes. Disparities in the delivery of pediatric neurosurgical care are understudied. Authors of this study examine the impact of race and socioeconomic status on outcomes following pediatric CSF shunting procedures. METHODS Discharge information from the 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009 Kids' Inpatient Database for individuals (age < 21 years) with a diagnosis of hydrocephalus who had undergone CSF shunting procedures was abstracted for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses, adjusting for patient and hospital factors and annual CSF shunt procedure volume, were performed to evaluate the effects of race and payer status on the likelihood of inpatient mortality and nonroutine hospital discharge (that is, not to home). RESULTS African American patients (p < 0.05) had an increased likelihood of inpatient death and nonroutine discharge compared with white patients. Furthermore, Medicaid patients had a significantly higher likelihood of nonroutine discharge (p < 0.05) as compared with privately insured patients. CONCLUSIONS Findings in this study, which utilized US population-level data, suggest the presence of racial and socioeconomic status outcome disparities following pediatric CSF shunting procedures. Further studies on health disparities in this population are warranted.

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