Wzbogacona rzeczywistość a nierówności społeczne

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Piotr Nieradka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Augmented Reality Technology ◽  
Digital Gap ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

This paper focuses on the technology of extended reality, whereby the aim is to draw attention to selected issues related to technology and solutions in the extended reality area in the context of social inequalities. The first part of the article discusses the essence of extended reality technology, paying attention to its place in the modern economy, along with a description of such solutions. The remainder of the study focuses on the issue of social inequality, with particular emphasis on the impact of extended reality on the problem of the digital gap and digital divide. The article presents the results of original research undertaken on a group of 88 respondents with both CAWI and equipment supporting augmented reality technology, of which 39.36% declared testing with this type of equipment in the past. The article also presents the results of original research with the use of XR equipment. XR-related solutions are currently still perceived as luxury goods, despite both the increasing availability for users and undoubtedly unique advantages. These include realism of generated experiences and the phenomenon of immersion in the synthetic world. The analysis of the role of such solutions in the context of social inequality provides a conclusion about their dichotomous nature. On the one hand, by popularizing the XR technology, the possibility of overcoming barriers and inequalities resulting from individual characteristics or social position is created, which leads to the improvement in the life situations of some people who have been struggling with exclusion so far. On the other hand, it provides the conclusion that such advanced technology entering everyday life has the potential to create another digital divide, which in the long term will result in increasing digital disproportions and exclusion.

Social Inequalities

2019 ◽  
pp. 646-652
Author(s):  
Raj Kollmorgen
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Social inequality means the existence of social status groups and, therefore, a normatively embedded structure of social stratification. This chapter deals with social inequalities and their dynamics as conditional and causal factors and as results of processes of radical change. Concerning the first aspect, the chapter discusses social class inequalities and dynamics of (absolute) impoverishment, relative deprivation, and rising expectations among certain social groups that may determine ‘transformative’ pressure or even revolutionary situations. Regarding the impact of social transformations on social inequalities, the chapter suggests that the more radical and complex the social transformations, the greater are their effects on social structures and regimes of social inequality. This thesis is underpinned by providing empirical findings on social mobility and income inequality in different historical waves and (sub-)types of transformation. Finally, the chapter identifies seven crucial bundles of factors determining the extent of income inequality as an outcome of current societal transformations and their characteristics.

scholarly journals Relative social inequality in the world: Rigidity against the economic growth, 1992–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid M. Grigoryev ◽  
Victoria A. Pavlyushina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree

The study of economic growth and social inequality goes back to the works of S. Kuznets, A. Atkinson, P. Krugman, J. Stiglitz, T. Piketti, and B. Milanovic. Statistical analysis of social inequalities for a large set of countries, divided into seven clusters, was conducted for the period 2000–2016. The share of incomes of the 10th decile was used as a measure of inequality. The hypothesis of the positive impact of economic growth on the reduction of social inequality was tested. Stylized facts on an array of 106 countries for the period under review indicate a high degree of stability of the level of inequality in most groups, especially in the most developed countries, and in particular in the Anglo-Saxon ones. The distribution of key socioeconomic and even political indicators for clusters shows their strong relationship with the structure of cluster inequality. This makes it possible to significantly deepen the analysis, in particular the one concerning the stages of world development.

Neighbourhood change, social inequalities and age-friendly communities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fleur Thomése ◽  
Tine Buffel ◽  
Chris Phillipson
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Policy Strategy ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Neighbourhood Change ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Critical Social

Chapter 3 places the debate about AFCCs within a sociological context and explore the links between ‘community’ on the one side, and the idea of ‘age-friendliness’ on the other. The chapter draws upon a range of theoretical perspectives in sociological and community studies to assess current pressures facing communities, especially those linked with neighbourhood inequalities and the impact of globalisation. It concludes by discussing strategies for strengthening the community dimension of AFCCs and develops key principles for a critical social policy strategy which promotes age-friendliness.

scholarly journals Joining two worlds - When academia meets real life and vice versa

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ese ◽  
C Ihlebak
Keyword(s):  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The One ◽  
Innovation Clusters ◽  
Holding Back ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Partnerships between academic institutions and actors outside of academia have for some time been considered a universal remedy for solving complex issues in a wide range of fields; ranging from themes as different as commercial developments in innovation clusters to reducing social inequalities or working against climate change. Such partnerships are strongly encouraged by governing bodies, and are sometimes prerequisites for being eligible as applicants for funding schemes like H2020. A proof of the impact this model of cooperation has had, is the fact that partnership is the only organisational structure that has been elevated to be part of the UN17 goals for sustainable development. Throughout history, academia has had a complex relationship with the society to which it belongs. On the one hand, academia depends on being seen as valuable, often through visible and concrete impact on society. On the other hand, within academia there is a strong norm of academic freedom stating that such freedom is best accommodated for through a certain degree of insulation between academia and society. This way of understanding academic freedom is an important cornerstone of the Humboltian university ideals as well as in the Mertonian CUDOS norms. Practice and policy actors may also find partnerships with academia complex to navigate. However, such partnerships can be valuable through ensuring that policies and developments are based on research findings and best practices. Furthermore, academics may educate and train practitioners, and evaluate and do research on their initiatives. However, partnerships can also be challenging for practitioners, as academics have to follow strict principles for research design and have little room for holding back results that may put the practitioners in a bad light. In this presentation the complex relationships between academia and practice are presented, both by examining advantages and by taking a critical stance.

scholarly journals "Pro-Minority" Criminalization and the Transformation of Visions of Citizenship in Contemporary Liberal Democracies: A Critique

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ely Aharonson
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
New Vision ◽  
The One

In this article, I offer a critique of contemporary trends in "pro-minority" criminalization policy, defined as criminal offenses that are specifically designed to protect women and minorities. I show that, in the late 1970s, a new paradigm emerged for thinking about the role of criminalization in minimizing patterns of social inequality. I trace the historical processes that led to the emergence of this new paradigm and discuss its inherent limitations in meeting its stated aims. The discussion shows that these limitations are rooted in the embedding of contemporary "pro-minority" criminalization policy within the broader frameworks of neoliberal policymaking, and in the inherent flaws of the new vision of citizenship upon which these models rest. I argue that the potential contribution of criminalization to the alleviation of social inequalities can only be realized within a vision of citizenship that is radically different from the one endorsed by neoliberal governments over the last three decades.

scholarly journals Impact of Individual and Neighborhood dimensions of Socioeconomic Status on the Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment over Seven-Year Follow-Up

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Fernández-Blázquez ◽  
Bárbara Noriega-Ruiz ◽  
Marina Ávila-Villanueva ◽  
Meritxell Valentí-Soler ◽  
Belén Frades-Payo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

IMPORTANCE: There is strong evidence about the association between low socioeconomic status (SES) and higher risk of dementia. However, it has not been conveniently addressed so far the role of SES on the incidence of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) which is considered a prodromal stage of latter dementia.OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of individual and neighborhood dimensions of SES, as well as their interaction, on the risk of developing MCI in a sample of older adults that were followed-up for seven years.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data from the Vallecas Project cohort, an ongoing community-based longitudinal study for early detection of cognitive impairment and dementia, were used to build two indices of SES namely individual and neighborhood, as well as a global SES as a combination of both, and to investigate their effects on MCI conversion by means of a multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Based on data referred to as individual-level (one´s educational attainment, occupation, parent´s level of education) and neighborhood-level (district´s income, unemployment rate, housing price, percentage of people with no formal qualifications, with higher education, and with white-collar employs) different composite measures of SES were built and quartiles were considered for further analyses. MCI diagnoses were agreed between neurologists and neuropsychologists at consensus meetings.RESULTS: 1180 participants aged 70 years and older were enrolled in this study (mean age at baseline, 74.9 years; 63.5% females). Of these, 199 cases of MCI (16.9%) were diagnosed at any point of the follow-up. The individual and neighborhood dimensions of SES played different roles in the dynamics of the MCI occurrence through ageing. Most importantly, the risk of developing MCI was almost double for lower SES quartiles when compared to the highest one.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The incidence of MCI in older adults was related to both individual characteristics and socioeconomic context. Public health strategies should be holistic and focus not only on promoting the classical individual preventive measures, but also on reducing social inequalities as a means of fostering healthy ageing and reducing dementia burden.

scholarly journals The Social Inequality Portrayed on Bong Joon Ho’s Parasite Movie

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Nurmala Dewi ◽  
Amelia Amelia ◽  
Tati Mardewi ◽  
Furi Indriyani
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
The Social ◽  
Work Education ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to analyze the social inequality portrayed in the Parasit movie directed by Bong Joon Ho. For research method, a qualitative approach is chosen to be applied which is content analysis as research design. In collecting the data, the writers use the Parasite movie as an object of the research, and search a lot of references from the internet and libraries to support the theories as baselines of analysis. Parasite movie depicts the two families’ lives, Park's family and Kim's family, where the social conditions and the daily lifestyles are very contrastive; the first family is rich and wealth and the later one is poor and deprivation. These social inequalities reflect a social phenomenon in the real world which becomes the motives for fraudulent and greedy character and gradually leads to criminal actions. The gaps between both families are demonstrated in some aspects, such as economy and work, education, house, food, and fashion. And the disparities shown by those elements indicate where the social class they belong and what the impact to their life.

scholarly journals The Winner Takes It All? A Psychological Study of Political Success among UK Members of Parliament

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Individual Success ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Is there a winning formula when it comes to individual success in contemporary politics? In this article, I analyse self-report data on the Basic Human Values (Schwartz, 1994, Journal of Social Issues, 50, 19–45) of 106 national politicians in the UK to examine the impact of these individual characteristics on three alternative political outcomes: the size of a candidate’s electoral majority, their longevity as an elected representative and their progression (or not) to frontbench office. On the one hand, it seems that the values of individual politicians make very little impact on their electoral performance at the ballot box. On the other hand, politicians’ values seem to impact on both their ability to hold on to office once elected and in turn to make in-role career progression.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Viral Logics, Social Inequality and Hegemonic Mimicry: Deconstructing the Language of Cultural Parasite

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-284
Author(s):  
Wisam Kh. Abdul-Jabbar
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
New Order ◽  
Cultural Hegemony ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Michel Serres ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structural Inequalities

Abstract Drawing on Michel Serres’ philosophical notion of the parasite, this essay examines human responses to COVID-19 that mimic parasitic behavior and uncovers social inequalities by exploring the cultural hegemony of viral logics perpetuated by the media. How can Serres’ notion of the parasite help us reconfigure structural inequalities experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic? First, the essay examines the viral logic of internalization, which seeks to normalize, if not appropriate, the impact of the pandemic through the rhetoric of togetherness. This particular viral logic induces people to internalize the coronavirus pandemic’s illusion as a crisis shared equally by all. The essay argues that this viral logic of internationalization resonates with the French philosopher’s parasite logic, which, in Serres’s words, “expresses a new epistemology, another theory of equilibrium.” Second, this study examines the viral logic of correlation, which designates certain marginalized cultural groups as infected, and therefore regarded and (mis)treated like the virus itself. This blame-game behavior mimics the parasite’s violation of the host’s chain of order and the creation of a new order that is self-serving. Hence, the parasite becomes, according to Serres, “an interruption, a corruption, a rupture of information.” The essay argues that although mimicry becomes the theatre of cultural inequality that dominates communication for the parasitic operator, both viral logics of parasitic mimicry eventually slip into mockery.

scholarly journals The Impact of Digitalization on Social Inequality

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Maria A. Yudina
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
Digital Skills ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Impact

The Object of the Study. Modern theoretical and methodological approaches to the assessment of social inequality. The Subject of the Study. Internationally used indicators to assess the digital divide. The Purpose of the Study is analyzing of the theoretical and methodological approaches used in international practice to assess digital inequality in order to find ways to improve the indicators which currently are used in the Rossiyskaya Federatsiya. The Main Provisions of the Article. This author examines the following aspects of the impact of digitalization on Russian society: changes in the availability of information resources for different categories of the population caused by the use of ICT, differentiation in special skills for using ICT, and differences in the dynamics of changes in the quality and standard of living. The process of theoretical and methodological understanding of the phenomenon of digital inequality began in the second half of the XX century. It was initially understood as an economic difference between people in terms of their access to certain technologies, however it gradually gained a more comprehensive conceptualization as a systemic phenomenon: a manifestation of structural social inequality in a network society. Today researchers identify three levels of the digital divide (or steps in its evolution), highlighting the growing role of digital skills as well as social connections, intellectual, motivational and wider – human capital in social stratification. The problem of the inequality between individuals on the matter of using digital skills to improve level and quality of life is exacerbated by Industry 4.0 implementation and realization of the Russian government project of the creation of the digital economy. Analysis of the current Rosstat data from the point of view of three levels of digital inequality showed significant improvements in its first level – every year ICT becomes more accessible for Russians. The increase in the number of users leads to a drop in the average indicators of digital skills proficiency, nevertheless the number of Russians using such technologies to improve their level and quality of life is gradually growing. However, additional work is needed in this direction to make the reduction of third-level inequality a sustainable trend. The analysis of indicators which currently are used in the Rossiyskaya Federatsiya to assess the development of the information society, carried out in the framework of this study, demonstrated their compliance with international standards. The theoretical and methodological problem of the statistical methodology used by The Rosstat was revealed: the current indicators do not allow to reflect the correlation between the employment of the population and it’s level of the digital skills. Therefore the indicators currently used in Russiya for digital divide evaluation do not allow to access the readiness of the population to the transition period between industrial revolutions which are always accompanied by the primary wave of technological unemployment in the process of creative destruction of social and economic systems. The Russian state program «Digital Economy» had the strategic target «to launch a regular monitoring to identify the needs of different groups of the working population in the formation of digital economy competencies with the involvement of employers» by June 2019. However checking of the governmental sites of the authorities, who are responsible for the implementation of the mentioned monitoring showed that it is still not ready or just doesn’t accessible for general public.

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