Influence of urbanity on perception of mental illness stigma: a population based study in urban and rural Hanoi, Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 685-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Minh Tam Ta ◽  
Aron Zieger ◽  
Georg Schomerus ◽  
Tien Duc Cao ◽  
Michael Dettling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Perceived Stigma ◽  
People With Mental Illness

Background and Aims: To examine, for the first time in Vietnam, whether urbanity of respondents among other socio-demographic factors affects the public perception of stigma attached to persons with mental illness in Hanoi. Methods: A general population-based survey was carried out in 2013 in the greater Hanoi area. The perception of stigma attached to people with mental illness was elicited using Link’s perceived discrimination and devaluation scale (PDDS) carried out in Vietnamese language. The survey sample ( n = 806) was stratified for gender, urban/rural location, age, household size and marital status, in accordance with the 2013 Vietnamese census. Results: Comparing the total score of the PDDS and its single items, we found less perceived stigma and discrimination among the rural population of Hanoi and in respondents who reported religious attainment to either Buddhism or Christianity. Logistic regression analyses found no significant influences of gender, age, household size or marital status regarding the perceived stigma toward persons with mental illness. Conclusion: Less negative perception of stigma attached to persons with mental illness that was observed among the rural population in the Hanoi area may be interpreted in the light of possibly more demanding living conditions in modern urban Vietnam with less opportunities for mentally ill patients and points toward a dynamic interaction with rapidly changing living conditions in Asian megacities.

scholarly journals Self-Stigma, Perceived Stigma, and Help-Seeking Communication in People with Mental Illness

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen Lee Teh ◽  
David King ◽  
Bernadette Watson ◽  
Shuang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Willingness To Communicate ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Perceived Stigma ◽  
Multicultural Issues ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Good Patient Care

People with mental illness (PWMI) often internalise negative beliefs (self-stigma) or anticipate external sources of stigma (perceived stigma). This study examines how the two types of stigma affect the willingness to communicate for help – such communication is a vital aspect of good patient care and treatment outcome. Seventy-two participants from different ethnic backgrounds who had experienced mental illness responded to an online survey about their level of agreement with statements reflecting self- and perceived stigma and their willingness to disclose to various help sources. Face-to-face interviews with 17 of these respondents provided a deeper understanding of how stigma affected their help-seeking communication. The quantitative results seemed to suggest that self-stigma has a stronger negative correlation with willingness to seek help. Respondents preferred disclosing to friends above family members and health professionals. The results highlight the importance of building resilience to reduce self-stigma and thereby increase help seeking. Given the different ethnic backgrounds of the participants, there emerged some multicultural issues that would seem to contribute to persisting mental illness stigma. These and any cultural differences are discussed.

scholarly journals Association between recognition and help-seeking preferences and stigma towards people with mental illness

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Picco ◽  
E. Abdin ◽  
S. Pang ◽  
J. A. Vaingankar ◽  
A. Jeyagurunathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Perceived Stigma ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
The Relationship

Aims.The ability to recognise a mental illness has important implications as it can aid in timely and appropriate help-seeking, and ultimately improve outcomes for people with mental illness. This study aims to explore the association between recognition and help-seeking preferences and stigmatising attitudes, for alcohol abuse, dementia, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia, using a vignette-based approach.Methods.This was a population-based, cross-sectional survey conducted among Singapore Residents (n = 3006) aged 18–65 years. All respondents were asked what they think is wrong with the person in the vignette and who they should seek help from. Respondents were also administered the Personal and Perceived sub scales of the Depression Stigma Scale and the Social Distance Scale. Weighted frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical variables. A series of multiple logistic and linear regression models were performed separately by vignette to generate odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the relationship between help-seeking preference, and recognition and beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals for the relationship between stigma and recognition.Results.Correct recognition was associated with less preference to seek help from family and friends for depression and schizophrenia. Recognition was also associated with increased odds of endorsing seeking help from a psychiatric hospital for dementia, depression and schizophrenia, while there was also an increased preference to seek help from a psychologist and psychiatrist for depression. Recognition was associated with less personal and perceived stigma for OCD and less personal stigma for schizophrenia, however, increased odds of social distancing for dementia.Conclusion.The ability to correctly recognise a mental illness was associated with less preference to seek help from informal sources, whilst increased preference to seek help from mental health professionals and services and less personal and perceived stigma. These findings re-emphasise the need to improve mental health literacy and reinforce the potential benefits recognition can have to individuals and the wider community in Singapore.

scholarly journals Resolving mental illness stigma: Should we seek normalcy or solidarity?

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Corrigan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
The Public ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Stigma Of Mental Illness ◽  
Pros And Cons

SummaryTwo approaches have emerged to deal with the stigma of mental illness: normalcy, where people with mental illness are framed as ‘just like everyone else’; and solidarity, where the public agrees to stand with those with mental illness regardless of their symptoms. Pros and cons of each approach are considered.

scholarly journals Magnitude and Associated Factors of Perceived Stigma among Adults with Mental Illness in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etsedingl Hadera ◽  
Endalamaw Salelew ◽  
Eshetu Girma ◽  
Sandra Dehning ◽  
Kristina Adorjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Perceived Stigma ◽  
Medication Side Effects ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Medication Side ◽  
Adults With Mental Illness

Background. Many people with mental illness perceive and experience stigma caused by other people’s knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. The stigma can lead to patients’ impoverishment, social marginalization, poor adherence to medication, and low quality of life, worsen the disease, decrease health-seeking behavior, and have a negative impact on socioeconomic well-being. Therefore, this study aimed to explore these issues. Objective. To assess the magnitude and associated factors of perceived stigma among adults with mental illness in an Ethiopian setting. Methods. A facility-based, cross-sectional study design with a consecutive sampling technique was employed from September 1 to 30, 2012. Data for perceived stigma were assessed by using the perceived devaluation-discrimination (PDD) scale from new or returning patients. The data was analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The results were described with the frequency table, graph, mean, and standard deviation. Bivariate analysis was used to get candidate variables for multivariate logistic regression analysis. Variables with a P value of < 0.05 at multivariate analysis were considered statistically associated with perceived stigma. Results. A total of 384 participants were interviewed and the response rate was 100%. The prevalence of high and low perceived stigma was 51% and 44%, respectively. Having substance use history (AOR=0.6, 95% CI: 0.4–0.9) and family support (AOR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.5–4.3) and medication side effects (AOR=0.6, 95% CI: 0.5–0.8) were associated statistically with higher perceived stigma of people with mental illness. Conclusion. Perceived stigma is a major problem of adults with mental illness in this outpatient setting in Ethiopia. Patients who had substance use and family support and medication side effects were more likely to have high perceived stigma. Therefore, screening and management of substance use, social support, and medication side effect should be strengthened for people with mental illness.

scholarly journals Mental illness stigma research in Argentina

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Agrest ◽  
Franco Mascayano ◽  
Sara Elena Ardila-Gómez ◽  
Ariel Abeldaño ◽  
Ruth Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community Perceptions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
National Mental Health ◽  
Community Based Services

Studies regarding stigma towards mental illness in Argentina blossomed after the first National Mental Health Law was passed in 2010. Methodological limitations and contradictory results regarding community perceptions of stigma hinder comparisons across domestic and international contexts but some lessons may still be gleaned. We examine this research and derive recommendations for future research and actions to reduce stigma. These include tackling culture-specific aspects of stigma, increasing education of the general population, making more community-based services available and exposing mental health professionals to people with mental illness who are on community paths to recovery.

scholarly journals Daily Encounters of Mental Illness Stigma and Individual Strategies to Reduce Stigma – Perspectives of People With Mental Illness

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jie Ong ◽  
Shazana Shahwan ◽  
Chong Min Janrius Goh ◽  
Gregory Tee Hng Tan ◽  
Siow Ann Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Individual Strategies

scholarly journals A social network analysis of the role of social contact in mental illness stigma using the 2018 General Social Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brea Louise Perry ◽  
Elizabeth Felix ◽  
Megan Bolton ◽  
Erin L. Pullen ◽  
Bernice A. Pescosolido
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Network ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
People With Mental Illness

Despite decades of research and dozens of public health campaigns, stigma continues to negatively affect the well-being and life chances of people labeled with a mental illness. One of the most promising directions for reducing stigma lies in Allport’s (1954) theory of intergroup contact, suggesting that social interactions with people with mental illness invalidate negative stereotypes, decrease fear and anxiety, and enable perspective-taking and empathy. While the empirical literature is largely supportive of the contact hypothesis, social network theory indicates that the degree to which contact reduces stigma should depend on the nature, magnitude, and valence of exposure to people with mental illness. We address this question using data from the National Stigma Study – Replication II (NSS-R II), fielded on a special module of the 2018 General Social Survey (N=1,179). We find that simply knowing someone with mental illness, or even the number of people one knows, explains little about the public’s desire for social distance, endorsement of coercion, or perceptions of dangerousness. However, having stronger relationships with more people with mental illness, and having more friends and family (but not more peripheral ties) with mental illness, are associated with reductions in stigma. In contrast, exposure to more dangerousness or violence among people in the network with mental illness is associated with greater levels of stigma, while contact with more people who are in treatment for mental illness (as opposed to untreated) is linked to less stigma.

scholarly journals Investigating the potential of visual news narratives to reduce mental illness stigma

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Roma Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Mental Health Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
People With Mental Illness

Nearly 50 percent of individuals in the United States will develop at least one mental illness during their lifetime (Reeves et al., 2011). Although mental illness can be treated, most people with mental illness do not seek treatment (Phelan, Link, Stueve, and Pescosolido, 2000). Stigma against mental illness is considered to be a major obstacle to treatment and recovery (USDHHS, 1999). Narratives have the potential to reduce mental illness stigma (for example, Oliver et al., 2012; Chang, 2008). This study extends work on the persuasive potential of narratives by investigating the effects of a particular type of visual narrative on reducing mental illness stigma: Comics. Comics are commonly used in health communication messaging and are believed to offer cognitive and emotional benefits. Drawing on the stigma communication model, multimedia learning theory, attribution theory, risk perception, and visual persuasion as well as the concept of social determinants of health, a 3 (image type: cartoon, photo, text) x 2 (disease type: depression, bipolar disorder) between-subjects online experiment was conducted to determine whether narrative news stories about mental illness illustrated with abstract/interpretational images (specifically, cartoons, which are a key characteristic of comics) are more effective at reducing mental illness stigma than those illustrated with realistic/representational images, specifically, photographs. Results indicated that for the depression narratives, photographs elicited significantly more anti-stigma behavioral intentions, such as support for mental health policy, likelihood to share the message, and decrease in social distancing behavior, than text alone; further, these effects were mediated by identification and/or connectedness with the story's protagonist. Also, for the depression condition, mean values for the cartoon condition were not significantly lower than those for the photograph condition. For the narratives on bipolar disorder, there were no significant differences between the conditions for any of the outcome variables; however, when it came to empathic response -- identification, pity, connectedness -- the mean values for the cartoon condition were the highest. The study contributes theoretically to work on the use of narratives in stigma communication as well as provides practical implications for the use of comics in health communication messages.

scholarly journals Stigma Attitudes Towards People with Mental Illness among Professionals Working in a Psychiatric Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Silva ◽  
Sandra Nascimento ◽  
Tiago Pereira ◽  
Beatriz Lourenço ◽  
Miguel Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes

Introduction: Mental illness stigma studies demonstrate the presence of stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness both by the public and health professionals. This study aimed to analyze the attitudes of professionals working at a Portuguese psychiatric hospital towards people with mental illness. Material and Methods: A cross‑sectional observational study was conducted to examine the attitudes of professionals through application of Mental Illness Clinician Attitude Scale (MICA) and collection of sociodemographic data. Results: Scores of MICA questionnaire were significantly lower than the cut‑off point for negative attitude in general and across professional categories suggesting that overall professionals seem to manifest a positive attitude towards people with mental illness. There was a trend of decrease in MICA scores throughout increasing years of professional experience although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our results do not contradict the need to continue fighting stigma, but instead to better evaluate how these attitudes translate into practice, by including behavioral outcomes in future research.

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