Begging in Cali: Image, Reality and Policy

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Bromley
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Strong Concentration ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Welfare Institutions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Rehabilitative Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The beggar-donor relationship raises a wide range of social and moral issues, and the study of begging can provide an interesting perspective on social structure and the impact of social welfare policies. This article discusses these issues by analyzing the practice of begging in the city of Cali, Colombia, by reviewing the portrayals of begging in the local press, by presenting six case studies of individual beggars, and by discussing the roles and functioning of the various social welfare institutions which receive beggars. The numerical significance and level of organization of begging are usually exaggerated in the local press and other communications media, and the sensationalized popular image of begging is used to justify repressive policies towards beggars. Contrary to such images, begging is shown to be relatively small-scale and atomistic, and beggars are generally severely disadvantaged and usually have very low incomes. The institutional res ponse to beggars' problems is very inadequate, with a strong concentration on simply 'storing' people to keep them off the streets, rather than on any effective preventative or rehabilitative measures. The idea, prevalent among Cali's elites, that 'begging is a serious problem' is criticized. The problem is not begging, but rather the poverty, extreme inequality and inadequate social provision of which begging is merely one of many superficial manifestations.

scholarly journals Coping with abrupt environmental change: the impact of the coastal El Niño 2017 on artisanal fisheries and mariculture in North Peru

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Clara Kluger ◽  
Sophia Kochalski ◽  
Arturo Aguirre-Velarde ◽  
Ivonne Vivar ◽  
Matthias Wolff
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Artisanal Fisheries ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Coastal El Niño

Abstract In February and March 2017, a coastal El Niño caused extraordinary heavy rains and a rise in water temperatures along the coast of northern Peru. In this work, we document the impacts of this phenomenon on the artisanal fisheries and the scallop aquaculture sector, both of which represent important socio-economic activities for the province of Sechura. Despite the perceived absence of effective disaster management and rehabilitation policies, resource users opted for a wide range of different adaptation strategies and are currently striving towards recovery. One year after the event, the artisanal fisheries fleet has returned to operating almost on a normal scale, while the aquaculture sector is still drastically impacted, with many people continuing to work in different economic sectors and even in other regions of the country. Recovery of the social-ecological system of Sechura likely depends on the occurrence of scallop seed and the financial capacity of small-scale producers to reinitiate scallop cultures. Long-term consequences of this coastal El Niño are yet to be studied, though the need to develop trans-local and trans-sectoral management strategies for coping with disturbance events of this scale is emphasized.

scholarly journals Possibilities to Apply the Urban Acupuncture Concept in Kaunas: Social Aspect

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Aurelija Daugelaite ◽  
Indre Gražulevičiūte-Vileniške ◽  
Mantas Landauskas
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Public Art ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Street Art ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ecological Design ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The City

The concept of urban acupuncture, which has been gaining ground in recent decades, is based on the activation and revitalization of urban environments using small architectural or landscape architectural interventions in precise carefully selected locations of urban fabric. However, the rapid and unexpected design solutions of urban acupuncture, based on ecological design, nature dynamics, street art, material re-use, can cause different social and psychological reactions of urban population and these reactions may vary depending on cultural contexts. Consequently, in order to implement successful urban acupuncture projects in Lithuanian cities, it is very important to find out public opinion and priorities in the fields of public space management, aesthetics, and public art. The aim of the research was to analyze the opinion of Kaunas city residents regarding these issues. For this purpose, a sociological questionnaire survey was used. The questionnaire containing 20 questions was designed, with the aim to find out the trends of use of public spaces in the city, the attitudes of residents towards street art and other small-scale initiatives in public spaces implemented in the recent years, possibilities of creating landscape architecture based on ecological ideas in urban environment, the attitude of inhabitants towards community spaces and community space design in the city, etc. 100 residents of Kaunas participated in this online administered survey. The survey has demonstrated general positive attitude towards contemporary design trends of public spaces and public art; however, the surveyed population expressed preferences towards fully equipped public spaces offering possibilities for a wide range of activities.

scholarly journals WADAH KOMUNITAS DAN REKREASI SEBAGAI RUANG KE - 3 DENGAN URBAN AKUPUNTUR METODE MENGHIDUPKAN DAN MENGEMBALIKAN CITRA PASAR BARU

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Stephen Stephen ◽  
Franky Liauw
Keyword(s):  
Shopping Center ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
Social Culture ◽  
Shopping Area ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

At present the activity of buying and selling/trading has been developing rapidly for decades. The growth of new malls spread throughout Jakarta. Making Jakarta the city with the largest and most shopping center in the world, with more than 173 malls. Coupled with the help of technology, an online shop platform has emerged that makes it easy for visitors to shop without having to come to the store. With the help of electronic media tools such as tablets or Smartphones. Nowadays, malls are not only a place to shop but also a place for recreation, socializing, or just for a walk alone. The progress of technology and human culture is changing. It's one of the factors that influence the impact of the decline in visitors at the old shopping center, every year such as a Pasar Baru shopping center. Re-Imagine Pasar Baru is a project that aims as a motor/propeller for Pasar Baru Community. Inviting the local people and Shop Owners to take part in making a change. Through a new program that strengthens unity and diversity to bring the conciseness cooperation (Gotong-royong) attitude that has been lost with the development of the times. Creating a place where people can socialize and interact, get closer, get to know each other, and also as a means of recreation for residents, visitors, shop owners, and also this project hopes to bring the Pasar Baru shopping area to life. Through the Urban Acupuncture method by analyzing the needs, potentials, deficiencies, demographics, ecology, etc. that characterize the Pasar Baru area. Where it can present a new program, and produce small-scale changes, but social catalytic intervention into the urban spatial structure. In physical and social-culture in Pasar Baru. Keywords: Community; Gotong Royong; Pasar Baru; Recreation; Urban Acupuncture  AbstrakSaat ini aktivitas Jual-beli/perdagangan sudah berkembang pesat selama beberapa dekade. Tumbuhnya mall-mall baru tersebar di seluruh Jakarta. Menjadikan Jakarta sebagai kota dengan pusat perbelanjaan terbanyak dan terbesar di dunia, dengan lebih dari 173 mall. Ditambah dengan bantuan teknologi, platform online shop memudahkan pengunjung untuk berbelanja tanpa perlu datang ke toko. Dengan bantuan alat media elektronik seperti tablet atau Smartphones. Saat ini, mall bukan hanya menjadi tempat untuk berbelanja melainkan menjadi tempat rekreasi, bersosialisasi, atau hanya sekedar untuk jalan-jalan semata. Kemajuan teknologi serta budaya manusia yang berubah, merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap dampak penurunan pengunjung di pusat perbelanjaan lama setiap tahunnya, seperti pusat perbelanjaan Pasar Baru. Re-Imagine Pasar Baru Merupakan proyek yang bertujuan sebagai motor / pengerak daerah Pasar Baru. Mengajak masyarakat dan para pedagang untuk ikut andil dalam melakukan suatu perubahan. Lewat program yang mempererat kesatuan dan persatuan guna memunculkan sikap gotong royong yang sudah hilang seiring berkembangnya zaman. Menciptakan tempat dimana warga dapat bersosialisasi dan berinteraksi, mendekatkan, saling mengenal satu sama lain dan juga sebagai sarana rekreasi warga lokal, dan proyek ini berharap dapat menghidupkan kawasan perbelanjaan Pasar Baru. Lewat metode Urban Acupunture yaitu dengan menganalisis kebutuhan, potensi, kekurangan, demografi, ekologi yang menjadi ciri khas dari kawasan Pasar Baru. Dimana dapat menghadirkan suatu program baru, dan menghasilkan perubahan skala kecil, tetapi intervensi katalitik sosial ke dalam tatanan ruang kota. Bukan hanya sekedar bentuk fisik, tetapi juga berdampak pada sosial dan budaya Kawasan Pasar Baru sendiri. 

NESTED HIGH-RESOLUTION NOx AND PM SIMULATIONS OVER ZÜRICH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Suter ◽  
Lukas Emmenegger ◽  
Dominik Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Concentration Levels

<p>Reducing air pollution, which is the world's largest single environmental health risk, demands better-informed air quality policies. Consequently, multi-scale air quality models are being developed with the goal to resolve cities. One of the major challenges in such model systems is to accurately represent all large- and regional-scale processes that may critically determine the background concentration levels over a given city. This is particularly true for longer-lived species such as aerosols, for which background levels often dominate the concentration levels, even within the city. Furthermore, the heterogeneous local emissions, and complex dispersion in the city have to be considered carefully.</p><p>In this study, the impact of processes across a wide range of scales on background concentrations over Switzerland and the city of Zurich was modelled by performing one year of nested European and Swiss national COSMO-ART simulations to obtain adequate boundary conditions for gas-phase chemical, aerosol and meteorological conditions for city-resolving simulations. The regional climate chemistry model COSMO-ART (Vogel et al. 2009) was used in a 1-way coupled mode. The outer, European, domain, which was driven by chemical boundary conditions from the global MOZART model, had a 6.6 km horizontal resolution and the inner, Swiss, domain one of 2.2 km. For the city scale, a catalogue of more than 1000 mesoscale flow patterns with 100 m resolution was created with the model GRAMM, based on a discrete set of atmospheric stabilities, wind speeds and directions, accounting for the influence of land-use and topography. Finally, the flow around buildings was solved with the CFD model GRAL forced at the boundaries by GRAMM. Subsequently, Lagrangian dispersion simulations for a set of air pollutants and emission sectors (traffic, industry, ...) based on extremely detailed building and emission data was performed in GRAL. The result of this nested procedure is a library of 3-dimensional air pollution maps representative of hourly situations in Zurich (Berchet et al. 2017). From these pre-computed situations, time-series and concentration maps can be obtained by selecting situations according to observed or modelled meteorological conditions.</p><p>The results were compared to measurements from air quality monitoring network stations. Modelled concentrations of NO<sub>x</sub> and PM compared well to measurements across multiple locations, provided background conditions were considered carefully. The nested multi-scale modelling system COSMO-ART/GRAMM/GRAL can adequately reproduce local air quality and help understanding the relative contributions of local versus distant emissions, as well as fill the space between precise point measurements from monitoring sites. This information is useful for research, policy-making, and epidemiological studies particularly under the assumption that exceedingly high concentrations become more and more localised phenomenon in the future.</p>

scholarly journals Digital Twin and CyberGIS for Improving Connectivity and Measuring the Impact of Infrastructure Construction Planning in Smart Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Shirowzhan ◽  
Willie Tan ◽  
Samad M. E. Sepasgozar
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Infrastructure Project ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Smart technologies are advancing, and smart cities can be made smarter by increasing the connectivity and interactions of humans, the environment, and smart devices. This paper discusses selective technologies that can potentially contribute to developing an intelligent environment and smarter cities. While the connectivity and efficiency of smart cities is important, the analysis of the impact of construction development and large projects in the city is crucial to decision and policy makers, before the project is approved. This raises the question of assessing the impact of a new infrastructure project on the community prior to its commencement—what type of technologies can potentially be used for creating a virtual representation of the city? How can a smart city be improved by utilizing these technologies? There are a wide range of technologies and applications available but understanding their function, interoperability, and compatibility with the community requires more discussion around system designs and architecture. These questions can be the basis of developing an agenda for further investigations. In particular, the need for advanced tools such as mobile scanners, Geospatial Artificial Intelligence, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Geospatial Augmented Reality apps, Light Detection, and Ranging in smart cities is discussed. In line with smart city technology development, this Special Issue includes eight accepted articles covering trending topics, which are briefly reviewed.

scholarly journals Post-flânerie: How do mobile devices shape the experience of the city?

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Gorsev Argin ◽  
Burak Pak ◽  
Handan Turkoglu
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

In the last decade, the advances in mobile technologies and location-based applications reshaped our mutual relationship with the urban environment. These technologies, as both a mean and barrier to the engagement between humans and their environment, have transformed the urban experience in profound ways. Urban experience is a relatively new concept introduced with the rise of modern cities in the nineteenth century. Its loss due to the rapid urbanization has been a subject of debate since then. Among the discussions that take place in this debate, the figure of ‘flâneur’ plays an extensive role. The flâneur is a figure who wanders through and appropriates the metropolitan city in pursuit of urban experience and reaps aesthetic meaning from the spectacle of the teeming crowds. Flânerie, or the act of wandering, and its implications for our understanding of urban life have been profound. Today, mobile technologies create a new kind of urban wanderer which is described as “post-flâneur”. In this paper, by examining the altering concept of flânerie, we discuss the effects of mobile technologies on urban experience. Based on an informed study of a wide range of theories, we make reflections on the impact of mobile devices on the mutual relationship between humans and their environment, introduce key concepts for understanding the emergent phenomenon of post-flânerie and elaborate on its interconnections with the phenomena of cyber and hybrid-flânerie.

Assessing innovation: Dynamics of high-rise development in an Israeli city

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-274
Author(s):  
Jonatan Almagor ◽  
Itzhak Benenson ◽  
Nurit Alfasi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Stochastic Fluctuations ◽  
Innovation Dynamics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Urban Models ◽  
New Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Urban models serve as laboratories, providing researchers with the opportunity to assess the impact of a wide range of social and economic processes on the development of a built environment. Novelty and unexpected changes play an essential role in this development, but these are difficult to formalize and imitate. Typically, urban models simulate innovation by introducing stochastic fluctuations of the pre-established development rules. This research offers a methodology for assessing innovation in a developing city and examining its impact on urban development. The methodology is implemented in the Israeli city of Netanya, where urban development is analyzed at a resolution of single buildings over a period of three decades. We recognize two types of innovation: spatial innovation, manifested by leapfrogging residential clusters that establish new development areas; and contextual innovation, manifested by residential clusters that include buildings that are substantially higher than their surroundings. We demonstrate the impact of few innovative residential clusters on urban development in the following decades and highlight the diffusion of innovation in the city.

Demand and supply side changes in the Santa Cruz, Bolivia, milk sector 1985 – 2002: impact on small-scale producers and poor consumers

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 315-321
Author(s):  
J. Rushton ◽  
N. Duran ◽  
S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
The Past ◽  
Country Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

During the past three decades worldwide dairy policies have been implemented to promote the consumption of milk and milk products in urban areas and the production from rural areas close to big cities (Alderman et al., 1987). Bolivia and the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra have been influenced by these worldwide directives and this current study examines the impact of policies on the demand and supply side of the sector, but with particular emphasis on smallholder milk producers and poor urban consumers. The current research is part of a multi-country study on the supply, demand and impact of dairy and other policies over a 10 to 15 year period (1985 to 2000) of the milk sectors of Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Nairobi, Kenya; and Kathmandu, Nepal.

scholarly journals Small Scale Fisheries, Dolphins and Societal Challenges: A Case Study in the City of Volos, Greece

Conservation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Stergios V. Pardalis ◽  
Anastasia Komnenou ◽  
Athanasios Exadactylos ◽  
Georgios A. Gkafas
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light

Existing literature on dolphin-fisheries interaction focused on Greece reveals both an undeveloped area for research, but also a lack of relevant data in this field. Although imperative, relevant research has been slow on innovation and cooperation among universities, official bureaus, and NGOs that are obliged to work together as European and national laws dictate. Most of the research in this new field focuses on the interaction between marine mammals and local fisheries, suggesting that this relationship may be problematic for both parties since the former are being treated (at least occasionally) with brutality, while the latter try to deal with economic loss. Dolphins and fishermen operate within the same ecological niches for their survival, the main area of conflict being nutritious fish. Anthropological research on ethnic identity has long dealt with antagonistic relationships over resources between adjacent groups of people. Marine biologists’ research in Greece focuses on the human factor, and some of its shortcomings may well be seen as the result of limited, or an absence of, training in social sciences. This article attempts to draw from anthropological theory to shed light on a particular symbiosis between humans and dolphins. Multidisciplinary approaches gain ground in a wide range of research interests and seem to be fruitful in terms of theoretical and practical results.

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