‘Losing Leverage’ in the Neighbourhood: A Cognitive Frame Analysis of the European Union Migration Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-323
Author(s):  
Jyri J. Jäntti ◽  
Benjamin Klasche
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Burden Sharing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cognitive Frames ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Power Shift ◽  
Security Problem ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU)–Turkey deal consolidated a shift in the EU’s migration policy. The deal is the culmination of the dominance of the security frame and depicts the continuous externalization of the EU’s responsibility of asylum protection and burden sharing. The strengthening of the security frame has weakened the humanitarian norms that previously dictated EU’s behaviour. This has led to the EU losing some of its comparative advantages in negotiations. Simultaneously, the instrumentalization of the value of asylum, paired with an increased number of asylum seekers, has given negotiation leverage to the neighbouring countries turned service providers. These changes in perception and norms have created a power shift, at the disadvantage of the EU, creating a more leveled playing field for negotiations between the parties. This article tracks the historical shifts in the global refugee regime to explain how today’s situation was created. Hereby, the existence of two competing cognitive frames—humanitarian and security—is assumed, tracked and analysed. While looking at the EU–Turkey deal, the article shows that the EU has started treating refugees as a security problem rather than a humanitarian issue, breaking the normative fabric of the refugee regime in the process. The article also displays how Turkey was able to capitalise on this new reality and engage with negotiations of other neighbouring countries of EU that point towards a change of dynamics in the global refugee regime.

scholarly journals Training and Employability: What are the LSPs looking for and what can the graduates offer?

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valero Garces Carmen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Translator Education ◽  
And Training ◽  
The Eu

Training and employability are two terms that frequently appear in the speeches both in those in charge of designing educational policies as well as in reports of economics or market trends. Training is necessary for integration into the job market. The aim of this article is to provide data extracted from several studies on university – language service providers (LSP) relations in the European Union for the period 2010-2017. The EU DGT (Directorate - General for Translation) through the European Master´s in Translation network (EMT network) and EUATC (European Union of Associations of Translation Companies), developed those studies. The first and last studies focused on language service providers’ companies (LSP) while the second offers information on graduates and their training. In this way we aim to show both sides of the situation, which can be summed up in the following way: What are employers looking for and what can the graduates offer?. The results of the research presented seem to indicate that translator education and training is a shared responsibility of universities and LSP in a highly competitive market

scholarly journals Migration issues in the EU’s common foreign and security policy – selected aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Tomasz Dubowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
External Action ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Foreign Policy ◽  
Foreign And Security Policy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Eu

In the discussion on the EU migration policy, it is impossible to evade the issue of the relation between this policy and the EU foreign policy, including EU common foreign and security policy. The subject of this study are selected links between migration issues and the CFSP of the European Union. The presented considerations aim to determine at what levels and in what ways the EU’s migration policy is taken into account in the space of the CFSP as a diplomatic and political (and subject to specific rules and procedures) substrate of the EU’s external action.

Data Protection in the Federal Republic of Germany and the European Union: An Unequal Playing Field

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-494
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Zell
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
The Eu

With the negotiation of its Data Protection Regulation, the European Union seeks to reform an outdated set of laws that has failed to address the evolving data protection challenges inherent in new technologies such as social networks, e-commerce, cloud computing, and location-based services. This article addresses the forthcoming Data Protection Regulation as well as the current state of data protection law in the EU, with a particular focus on Germany. The first part of the article examines Germany's robust data protection framework and the EU's existing authority. The article then raises key issues related to data protection in Germany and the EU—namely, discrepancies in data protection standards and enforcement among EU Member States—as illustrated by recent, high profile cases involving household names like Facebook, Apple, Google, and Amazon. Through this analysis, the article attempts to explain how and why companies doing business in Germany, but established in other EU Member States, are subject to less stringent data protection standards than German companies. Lastly, the article synthesizes the issues in debate with regard to the draft Data Protection Regulation and offers perspectives on what the Regulation could and should mean for data protection in the EU.

scholarly journals Migration Policy of the European Union on the Countries of Northern Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-83
Author(s):  
Zinaida Sviashchenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the actual issues of the European Union migration policy with regard to the countries of North Africa. Indeed, the intensive migration movement that has recently taken place in Europe has forced the EU to develop a new, adequate migration policy that would be able to effectively address the problems encountered in this area. The reasons and the current state of migration processes are investigated. The main directions and areas of regulation of migration processes in the European Union concerning the countries of North Africa are highlighted. In particular, attention is drawn to such an important direction of the EU migration policy as the fight against illegal migration. The main problems of regulation of migration processes, in particular, labor migrants and refugees, are outlined. The substantial quantitative and qualitative changes that have taken place in the migration processes from the countries of North Africa to Europe have been analyzed. The general economic consequences of migration from the countries of North Africa for donor countries and recipient countries are described. Attention is drawn to the issue of professional training of Africans for further employment in the EU. It is concluded that migration in the EU countries plays a special role due to the aging of the population in European countries and the need to attract labor from third countries. Migration flows between the countries of North Africa and the EU are particularly intense. This is due to the geographical proximity of these regions, as well as close economic, political and cultural ties. Among the priority areas of the EU migration policy, such as border management and the return of illegal migrants to their homeland, convergence of Member States practice in strengthening the common European regime, sharing responsibilities and ensuring the acceptance of refugees with their further resettlement among EU member states.

scholarly journals The International Dimension of EMU: The Interplay Between the Global Financial Stability Architecture and the European Union

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Donnelly ◽  
Ramses Wessel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
European Court Of Justice ◽  
External Influence ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Eu

It is a truism that the European Union’s self-proclaimed autonomy may be a helpful concept in legal terms–primary to preserve the monopoly of the European Court of Justice to interpret European Union (EU) law–but it is equally clear that the EU is to a large extent influenced by the decisions and policies of other international institutions. The present chapter aims to assess this external influence in relation to a specific, but core dimension of the EU, the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). More specifically, we will assess the influence of what these days is known as the Global Financial Stability Architecture (GFSA), on the EMU. As will be further explained below, the GFSA is a network of the key global financial institutions that collect data, conduct research, provide insight and propose rules of conduct for the financial sector. Its mission is to rethink (global) macroeconomic policy to make economies more resilient–how to steer the economy clear of risks that could lead it to collapse; how to deal with real-time crises; and how to initiate recovery. Its primary method is to find out how differing components of financial markets act and react to one another, and to propose prudential regulation that shapes the behaviour of private financial service providers, of governments and of central banks.

scholarly journals Migrations in Europe: Fears due to the enlargement of the EU to the East

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
Mirjana Morokvasic
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The European Union is confronted with the biggest enlargement in its history: ten states, among them eight middle European - the so called "buffer zone" in the new European migration landscape - will become members in 2004. Other candidates hope to join in the coming years. For all Eastern and Eastern European countries, including those that are not candidates, the end of the bi-polar world meant a hope of "return to Europe". When shifting its borders to the East, the European Union both includes and excludes. The final objective to achieve Europe as "a space of freedom, security and justice", is conditioned by the capacity and necessity to control the migratory flows. The prospect of free circulation for the citizens of the new Union members entails also fears: the EU countries are afraid of the consequences the enlargement would have on migratory flows from the countries of the Central and Eastern Europe and which transit through that area. The perception of migrants as a threat inspired the conditions that the Union imposed on the candidate countries concerning migration policy issues and which mostly focus on the protection of its Eastern borders. For the future Union members however, protecting of the thousand of kilometers of their Eastern border, implies a number of quite different problems. These countries are afraid of the impact the restrictive measures they are obliged to implement would have both on many economic and family ties which have been maintained since the socialist period and on more recently engaged cooperation with the neighbours which are not candidates. The challenge of enlargement is different therefore for the EU members, for the candidate countries and for those who are for the moment excluded from the process. The fears do not seem to be always grounded. Thus, the impact of enlargement which, it was feared, could have been so destabilizing for the Union because of potentially large migration flows, is more likely to be destabilizing for the new candidate countries, especially concerning their relations with their neighbours excluded from the enlargement process.

scholarly journals Governmental Regulation of Cybersecurity in the EU and Hungary after 2000

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Tamás Szádeczky
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Network Information ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

The term information security evolved to cybersecurity nowadays, which emphasises the interdependence of information assets and the importance of cyber-physical systems. Parallel to this, the need for appropriate management of the EU and government strategies and new public administration tasks also appeared. In the European Union, the first measure concerning this issue was the establishment of the European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA) in 2004, mostly with consultative tasks. The first official cybersecurity strategy in the EU, called the Open, Safe and Secure Cyberspace, was accepted in 2013. Afterwards, ENISA’s role has been strengthened as well as its range of tasks were broadened. Beside the critical infrastructure protection efforts, the Network Information Security (NIS) directive and related legislation were a giant leap towards a common level of cybersecurity in the community. The formation of an EU Cybersecurity Act and filling NIS with more practical guidance is an ongoing process nowadays. Despite being a post-socialist country, Hungary is in the first line of legislation on cybersecurity in the community. Since 2005 there were several government decrees, from 2009 the first act-level rules on the information security of some governmental services. Based on the National Security Strategy, the National Cybersecurity Strategy was formed in 2013. The same year the first information security act applicable to all government, local government, governmental data processing and critical infrastructure service providers has come into force. The alignment of the National Cybersecurity Strategy to NIS directive happens these days. Thus, the regulation of cybersecurity in the EU and in Hungary are heading in the right direction, but the practical implementation today is far away from the strategic objectives. The community is lagging far behind the United States of America and China, just to mention the most important players in the field.

scholarly journals Cross‑Border Mediation: Towards a Balanced Framework for Cross‑Border Dispute Resolution in the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-560
Author(s):  
Martin Senftl
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Dispute ◽  
The Eu

This paper takes the entry into force of the Singapore Convention on Mediation on 12 September 2020 as an opportunity to reconsider whether the European Union has reached its once ambitious goal to create a balanced relationship between mediation and litigation in cross-border disputes. After a brief overview of the current legal framework for cross-border mediation in the EU in the first section, the meaning of the concept of a balanced relationship and its implications for the regulation of mediation in cross-border disputes are analysed. Starting with the observation that the use of cross-border mediation is still very limited, this second section argues that attempts to establish a balanced relationship in quantitative terms are misguided. Instead of attempting to correct alleged decision deficits by the parties to a dispute, the paper emphasises the regulatory responsibility of European legislators to create a level playing field for different cross-border dispute resolution mechanisms. In this respect, the third section identifies the surprising absence of private international law rules in the EU’s mediation framework as a structural disadvantage of mediation, as compared to litigation and arbitration. The last part of the paper examines in detail the interaction between mediation and the Brussels Ia Regulation to provide specific examples of legal obstacles to cross-border mediation and potential ways to overcome them.

Budapest and Brussels’ migration policy (2014–2019)

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-57
Author(s):  
Bela Y. Zhelitski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The Eu

Following a brief description of the unprecedented waves of migration flowing into Europe from the Middle East and Africa, the author analyses the migration policy of the European Union and Hungary's attitude towards this policy between 2014 and 2019. The study centers on the positions, views, and specific actions of the leadership of the European Commission and the political class of Hungary, as well as the relations between them. The main approaches of the parties towards solving the problems of the migration crisis and the differences between them on key issues of migration policy, which at times turned into confrontations between Budapest and Brussels, are shown. Particular attention is given to the circumstances that led to the EU migration crisis.

THE EUROPEAN UNION MIGRATION POLICY IN TERMS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
Maxim V. Fomenko ◽  
◽  
Anfisa E. Kriuchkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Migration ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the impact of the epidemiological situation in the countries of the European Union in connection with the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic on the migration policy of the integration association. Based on the analysis of documents and statistical materials, the author identified the key factors that determine the transformation of European migration policy at the present stage. In addition to that the author put forward the idea of the EU maintaining the course for the implementation of a set of measures taken in this area before the beginning of the pandemic. The article analyzes some of the consequences of the migration crisis of 2015-2016. Some documents adopted in the EU during and after the migration crisis are cited. A critical understanding of the "open door policy" is given. After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the EU countries faced a new challenge. The global lockdown put tens of thousands of migrants in a vulnerable position in EU countries awaiting status. Despite the fact that the primary tasks of accommodating and helping migrants at the beginning of the pandemic were solved, it is worth noting that the European Union did not show proper coordination of actions. For example, a comprehensive approach to the formation of a unified migration policy has not yet been developed.

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