African American, Black Caribbean, and Non-Hispanic White Feelings of Closeness Toward Other Racial and Ethnic Groups

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 749-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Thornton ◽  
Robert Joseph Taylor ◽  
Linda M. Chatters
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Black Caribbean ◽  
American Black ◽  
Hispanic White

Why Inclusion Matters for Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarker Discovery in Plasma

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Mostafa J. Khan ◽  
Heather Desaire ◽  
Oscar L. Lopez ◽  
M. Ilyas Kamboh ◽  
Renã A.S. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
African American ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Ethnic Background ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Black Adults ◽  
American Black ◽  
White Adults ◽  
Hispanic White

Background: African American/Black adults have a disproportionate incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and are underrepresented in biomarker discovery efforts. Objective: This study aimed to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers for AD using a combination of proteomics and machine learning approaches in a cohort that included African American/Black adults. Methods: We conducted a discovery-based plasma proteomics study on plasma samples (N = 113) obtained from clinically diagnosed AD and cognitively normal adults that were self-reported African American/Black or non-Hispanic White. Sets of differentially-expressed proteins were then classified using a support vector machine (SVM) to identify biomarker candidates. Results: In total, 740 proteins were identified of which, 25 differentially-expressed proteins in AD came from comparisons within a single racial and ethnic background group. Six proteins were differentially-expressed in AD regardless of racial and ethnic background. Supervised classification by SVM yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91 and accuracy of 86%for differentiating AD in samples from non-Hispanic White adults when trained with differentially-expressed proteins unique to that group. However, the same model yielded an AUC of 0.49 and accuracy of 47%for differentiating AD in samples from African American/Black adults. Other covariates such as age, APOE4 status, sex, and years of education were found to improve the model mostly in the samples from non-Hispanic White adults for classifying AD. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the importance of study designs in AD biomarker discovery, which must include diverse racial and ethnic groups such as African American/Black adults to develop effective biomarkers.

scholarly journals Higher Motivation for Weight Loss in African American than Caucasian Rural Patients with Hypertension and/or Diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Warren ◽  
Bryant Smalley ◽  
Nikki Barefoot
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
African American ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rural Patients ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hispanic White

<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To examine the relationship between race/ethnicity and motivation for weight loss and motivation for exercise among patients with chronic disease.</p><p><strong>Design:</strong> Cross-sectional</p><p><strong>Setting</strong>: The current study took place within a network of federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in the rural southern United States</p><p><strong>Patients</strong> <strong>or Participants</strong>: 463 active FQHC patients with diabetes and/or hypertension identifying as African American, White Hispanic, or non-Hispanic White participated in the current study.</p><p><strong><em>Main Outcome Measures</em>:</strong> Primary outcomes were assessed using standardized measures of motivation for a) weight loss; and b) hypertension per the Transtheoretical Model</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Multivariate logistic regression revealed that, when controlling for age, sex, education status, employment status, poverty, comorbidity, and weight status, there were no significant differences in motivation for exercise among the different racial/ethnic groups (P=.361).  However, when controlling for the same factors, there was a significant difference in motivation for weight loss, with African American participants more than twice as likely as non-Hispanic White participants to be motivated to lose weight (ORAD)=2.430, P=.002).</p><p><strong><em>Conclusions</em>:</strong> Our study suggests that, among rural patients with obesity-related chronic disease, there is a significant variation in motivation to lose weight between racial/ethnic groups.  This underscores the importance of culturally tailoring interventions and in considering motivation for change when promoting weight loss behaviors.  Additional implications for intervention development and delivery are discussed.<em> Ethn</em> <em>Dis.</em> 2016;26(1):77-84; doi: 10.18865/ed.26.1.77</p>

Genetic Markers Explain Differences in HbA1c Levels between African-American (AA) and Non-Hispanic White (NHW) Participants of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1704-P
Author(s):  
MARIE-FRANCE HIVERT ◽  
COSTAS A. CHRISTOPHI ◽  
KATHLEEN A. JABLONSKI ◽  
SHARON EDELSTEIN ◽  
STEVEN E. KAHN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Diabetes Prevention Program ◽  
Hispanic White ◽  
Hba1c Levels

scholarly journals African American Unemployment and the Disparity in Periviable Births

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Catalano ◽  
Deborah Karasek ◽  
Tim Bruckner ◽  
Joan A. Casey ◽  
Katherine Saxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
The Us ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Hispanic White

AbstractPeriviable infants (i.e., born before 26 complete weeks of gestation) represent fewer than .5% of births in the US but account for 40% of infant mortality and 20% of billed hospital obstetric costs. African American women contribute about 14% of live births in the US, but these include nearly a third of the country’s periviable births. Consistent with theory and with periviable births among other race/ethnicity groups, males predominate among African American periviable births in stressed populations. We test the hypothesis that the disparity in periviable male births among African American and non-Hispanic white populations responds to the African American unemployment rate because that indicator not only traces, but also contributes to, the prevalence of stress in the population. We use time-series methods that control for autocorrelation including secular trends, seasonality, and the tendency to remain elevated or depressed after high or low values. The racial disparity in male periviable birth increases by 4.45% for each percentage point increase in the unemployment rate of African Americans above its expected value. We infer that unemployment—a population stressor over which our institutions exercise considerable control—affects the disparity between African American and non-Hispanic white periviable births in the US.

Active surveillance for intermediate‐risk prostate cancer in African American and non‐Hispanic White men

Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Travis Courtney ◽  
Rishi Deka ◽  
Nikhil V. Kotha ◽  
Daniel R. Cherry ◽  
Mia A. Salans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
African American ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
White Men ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Risk Prostate Cancer ◽  
Hispanic White

scholarly journals Feasibility of a Digital Intervention to Promote Healthy Weight Management among Postpartum African American/Black Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2178
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Napolitano ◽  
Cherise B. Harrington ◽  
Loral Patchen ◽  
Lindsey P. Ellis ◽  
Tony Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
African American ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Weight Outcomes ◽  
Postpartum Weight ◽  
American Black

The study aim was to implement and evaluate the feasibility of a culturally informed (“BeFAB”) app for African American/Black women to address postpartum weight. Women (n = 136; mean age = 27.8 ± 5.4; mean BMI = 32.5 ± 4.3) were recruited from postpartum units, and randomly assigned to receive BeFAB (n = 65) or usual care (n = 71) for 12 weeks. App content included didactic lessons delivered via a virtual coach, app-based messages, goal setting and tracking, and edutainment videos. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, retention and engagement, and self-reported acceptability. Behavioral (i.e., diet, physical activity), psychosocial (i.e., stress, coping, support, self-efficacy) and weight outcomes were also examined. Recruitment goals were met, but attrition was high, with 56% retention at 12 weeks. Approximately half of participants accessed the app and set a goal ≥one time, but <10% reported achieving a nutrition or activity goal. Among study completers, ≥60% found the app content at least somewhat helpful. Within-group changes for BeFAB among completers were found for increased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and decreased fruit/vegetable intake and weight. Findings indicate initial feasibility of recruiting postpartum women to participate in a digital healthy body weight program but limited use, reflecting low acceptability and challenges in engagement and retention. Future research is needed on strategies to engage and retain participants in postpartum interventions.

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