Oral Status and Dementia Onset: Mediation of Nutritional and Social Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110493
Author(s):  
S. Kiuchi ◽  
U. Cooray ◽  
T. Kusama ◽  
T. Yamamoto ◽  
H. Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Stratified Analysis ◽  
Dementia Onset

Some modifiable risk factors for dementia are closely related to oral health. Although eating and speaking abilities are fundamental oral functions, limited studies have focused on the effect of malnutrition and lack of social interaction between oral health and dementia. We investigated the mediating effects of nutritional and social factors on the association between the number of teeth and the incidence of dementia. This 6-y cohort study used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study targeting older adults aged 65 y and above. The number of teeth (exposure) and covariates in 2010 (baseline survey), mediators (weight loss, vegetable and fruit intake, homeboundness, social network) in 2013, and the onset of dementia (outcome) between 2013 and 2016 were obtained. The Karlson–Holm–Breen mediation method was applied. A total of 35,744 participants were included (54.0% women). The mean age at baseline was 73.1 ± 5.5 y for men and 73.2 ± 5.5 y for women. A total of 1,776 participants (5.0%) had dementia during the follow-up period. There was a significant total effect of the number of teeth on the onset of dementia (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01–1.28). Controlling for nutritional and social mediators, the effect of the number of teeth was reduced to 1.10 (95% CI, 0.98–1.25), leaving an indirect effect of 1.03 (95% CI, 1.02–1.04). In the sex-stratified analysis, the proportion mediated by weight loss was 6.35% for men and 4.07% for women. The proportions mediated by vegetable and fruit intake and homeboundness were 4.44% and 4.83% for men and 8.45% and 0.93% for women, respectively. Furthermore, the proportion mediated by social networks was 13.79% for men and 4.00% for women. Tooth loss was associated with the onset of dementia. Nutritional and social factors partially mediated this association.

scholarly journals Dental Status and Compression of Life Expectancy with Disability

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1006-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Matsuyama ◽  
J. Aida ◽  
R.G. Watt ◽  
T. Tsuboya ◽  
S. Koyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Compression Of Morbidity ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Significant Compression

This study examined whether the number of teeth contributes to the compression of morbidity, measured as a shortening of life expectancy with disability, an extension of healthy life expectancy, and overall life expectancy. A prospective cohort study was conducted. A self-reported baseline survey was given to 126,438 community-dwelling older people aged ≥65 y in Japan in 2010, and 85,161 (67.4%) responded. The onset of functional disability and all-cause mortality were followed up for 1,374 d (follow-up rate = 96.1%). A sex-stratified illness-death model was applied to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for 3 health transitions (healthy to dead, healthy to disabled, and disabled to dead). Absolute differences in life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, and life expectancy with disability according to the number of teeth were also estimated. Age, denture use, socioeconomic status, health status, and health behavior were adjusted. Compared with the edentulous participants, participants with ≥20 teeth had lower risks of transitioning from healthy to dead (adjusted HR, 0.58 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.50–0.68] for men and 0.70 [95% CI, 0.57–0.85] for women) and from healthy to disabled (adjusted HR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.44–0.61] for men and 0.58 [95% CI, 0.49–0.68] for women). They also transitioned from disabled to dead earlier (adjusted HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 0.99–1.60] for men and 2.42 [95% CI, 1.72–3.38] for women). Among the participants aged ≥85 y, those with ≥20 teeth had a longer life expectancy (men: +57 d; women: +15 d) and healthy life expectancy (men: +92 d; women: +70 d) and a shorter life expectancy with disability (men: –35 d; women: –55 d) compared with the edentulous participants. Similar associations were observed among the younger participants and those with 1 to 9 or 10 to 19 teeth. The presence of remaining teeth was associated with a significant compression of morbidity: older Japanese adults’ life expectancy with disability was compressed by 35 to 55 d within the follow-up of 1,374 d.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of zinc chloride mouthwashes on oral mucositis and weight of patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khodayar Oshvandi ◽  
Seyed Yaser Vafaei ◽  
Seyed Ramesh Kamallan ◽  
Salman Khazaei ◽  
Hossein Ranjbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Mucositis ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Oral mucositis is one of the most emerging and debilitating complications of chemotherapy during the treatment period, which strongly affects the nutritional status and physical and mental condition of these patients. Zinc increased protein synthesis and improved cell membrane stability so passible effective in prevent and treat oral mucositis and promote oral health. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of zinc chloride mouthwash on the prevention, incidence, and severity of oral mucositis in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods The present study was a randomized control trial study. 96 patients with a cancer diagnosis selected from one oncology clinic in the west of Iran. Then they assigned randomly to the zinc chloride group and placebo group. The patients in each group should rinse their mouths every 8 h two times and each time 2 min with 7.5 ml from mouthwash. The severity of mucositis and weight loss examined blindly at the baseline and 3-week follow-up. Results The incidence and severity of oral mucositis between groups were significant higher at the end of the second (p < 0.002) and third (p < 0.001) week. The mucositis severity decreased well during the third weeks in the zinc chloride group. The difference in the weight loss was significant higher between the zinc chloride and the placebo group (p < 0.01). Conclusion Zinc chloride mouthwash was effective in preventing and reducing the severity of oral mucositis and improving weight in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Trial registration We can therefore recommend more studies examine the effects zinc chloride as preventive care at the beginning of chemotherapy to improve oral health and subsequently preventing weight loss in these patients.

scholarly journals School-based educational intervention to improve children’s oral health-related behaviors in rural Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Yusuke Furukawa ◽  
Fumihiko Yokota ◽  
Rafiqul Islam Maruf ◽  
Mariko Nishikitani ◽  
Kimiyo Kikuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Control School ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intervention School ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
School Based

Children in rural Bangladesh have limited access to oral health services. As a pilot project, a one-day one-time oral health educational intervention was conducted at a primary school in Tangail district in Bangladesh. This study assessed the effect of this educational intervention on the children’s oral behaviors using controlled pre- and post-intervention design. Fifty-two students at the intervention school and 37 students at a control school agreed to participate in this study. A baseline survey was conducted for children at both schools using a standardized semi-structured questionnaire. Children at the intervention school received face-to-face dental exercises and a group seminar. Six months after the intervention, a follow-up survey was conducted at both schools to compare changes in children’s oral behaviors at the two schools. The increase in the percentage of intervention-school participants who reported brushing their teeth two or more times per day between the baseline and follow-up surveys was 7.6 times greater than that in the control group (95% CI= 1.7–35.1; p<0.009). The increase in the percentage of intervention-school participants who reported brushing their teeth before bed between the two surveys was 7.3 times greater than that in the control group (95% CI=1.6–34.0; p<0.001). The findings suggest the importance of skill-based intervention, in collaboration with dentists, school teachers, parents, and community health educators. Future studies on the effectiveness of school-based educational interventions should consider longer-term sustainable behavioral changes in children’s oral health.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(2) 2017: 27-33

Theoretical and Methodological Problems of a 10-Year Follow-Up Program Evaluation Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt A. Heller ◽  
Ralph Reimann
Keyword(s):  
Program Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Partial Inclusion ◽  
Methodological Problems

Summary In this paper, conceptual and methodological problems of school program evaluation are discussed. The data were collected in conjunction with a 10 year cross-sectional/longitudinal investigation with partial inclusion of control groups. The experiences and conclusions resulting from this long-term study are revealing not only from the vantage point of the scientific evaluation of new scholastic models, but are also valuable for program evaluation studies in general, particularly in the field of gifted education.

Predicting the risk of becoming lost to follow-up in a lifestyle weight-loss intervention

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Lespinasse ◽  
Kristen E. Medina ◽  
Stacey N. Maurer ◽  
Samantha A. Minski ◽  
Renee T. Degener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Prevalence and Predictors of Fruit Intake Among Community College Women in the Extended Opportunity Program and Services

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve E. Shive ◽  
Michelle R. Neyman
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
College Women ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Eating Fruit ◽  
Opportunity Program

This study examined fruit intake among 276 female Extended Opportunity Program and Services (EOPS) community college students. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors associated with fruit intake were determined. The attitudes which are potential predictors of daily fruit intake were also examined. Analysis showed that 33% ate fewer than the minimum recommended two daily servings of fruit. Students reported that fruit gave them energy, taste and cost were not barriers to consumption and that it would not be difficult to increase daily fruit consumption. A linear regression analysis revealed that beliefs that eating fruit leads to good health, having a habit of eating fruit, feeling energy, and weight loss accounted for 30% of the variance in fruit intake.

Relationship of smoking and smoking cessation with number of teeth present: JPHC Oral Health Study*

Oral Diseases ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Yanagisawa ◽  
T Marugame ◽  
S Ohara ◽  
M Inoue ◽  
S Tsugane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Neighborhood sidewalk environment and incidence of dementia in older Japanese adults: the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukako Tani ◽  
Masamichi Hanazato ◽  
Takeo Fujiwara ◽  
Norimichi Suzuki ◽  
Katsunori Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
Incidence Of Dementia

Abstract Sidewalks are indispensable environmental resources for daily life in that they encourage physical activity. However, the percentage of sidewalks installation is low even in developed countries. We examined the association between neighborhood sidewalk environment and dementia in Japan. We conducted a 3-year follow-up (2010-2013) among participants in a Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a population-based cohort study of community-dwelling older adults. We ascertained the incidence of dementia for 76,053 participants from the public long-term care insurance system. We calculated sidewalk coverage (sidewalk area as a percentage of road area) within 436 residential neighborhood units using the geographic information system. Multilevel survival models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for the incidence of dementia. During the follow-up, 5310 dementia cases were found. In urban areas, compared with the lowest quartile for sidewalk coverage, the HR was 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33–0.54) for the highest quartile, adjusting for individual covariates. After successive adjustments for other neighborhood factors (land slope, numbers of hospitals, grocery stores, parks, stations and bus stops, education level, and unemployment rate), the HR remained statistically significant (HR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.59–0.94). Living in neighborhoods with high sidewalks installation was associated with low dementia incidence in urban areas.

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