Effects of Octenidine on the Formation and Disruption of Dental Biofilms: An Exploratory In Situ Study in Healthy Subjects

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452199904
Author(s):  
B. Reda ◽  
J. Dudek ◽  
M. Martínez-Hernández ◽  
M. Hannig
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Biofilm Thickness ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Octenidine Dihydrochloride ◽  
Biofilm Disruption ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Dental biofilms are highly structured, complex multispecies communities that, if left untreated, lead to severe oral complications such as caries and periodontal diseases. Therefore, antibiofilm agents are often recommended for both preventive and therapeutic measures. However, biofilm management can be challenging due to the low sensitivity of biofilms to antimicrobial treatments. Octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) is a highly effective antibacterial agent. Because the OCT antibiofilm efficacy has not been studied in situ, this exploratory crossover study aimed to evaluate the effects of OCT mouth rinsing on biofilm formation and on the disruption of mature biofilms. Moreover, a comparison to the gold-standard chlorhexidine (CHX) was conducted. The biofilms were formed intraorally by 5 healthy volunteers on enamel specimens fixed to acrylic splints. For biofilm formation analysis, OCT, CHX, or water rinses were applied for 30 s every 12 h. The samples evaluation took place at 24-and 48-h time points. For biofilm disruption analysis, sample assessment was performed before and directly after the first OCT or CHX rinse on 48-h mature biofilms. A second rinse was carried out 12 h later. The last assessment was applied to 72-h mature biofilms. The biofilms were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed OCT significantly reducing biofilm formation and bacterial vitality in situ. Simultaneously, the biofilm thickness was strongly decreased. Moreover, a single application of OCT to a 48-h mature biofilm induced substantial biofilm disruption. In addition, the efficacy of OCT compared favorably to CHX. These findings show that OCT rinses prevent biofilm formation and disrupt preexisting mature biofilms formed by healthy subjects. This work suggests that OCT might be used for dental biofilm management as a part of the medical treatment of oral diseases. Future studies with a larger subject heterogeneity and number are needed to confirm the observed OCT effects.

scholarly journals Effects of Experimental Agents Containing Tannic Acid or Chitosan on the Bacterial Biofilm Formation in Situ

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1315
Author(s):  
Anton Schestakow ◽  
Matthias Hannig
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Acid Ph ◽  
Bovine Enamel

Chitosan and tannic acid are known for their antibacterial properties. In the present in-situ study, their antibacterial and anti-adherent effects on biofilm formation on enamel were investigated. Six subjects carried upper jaw splints with bovine enamel specimens, allowing in-situ biofilm formation. During the two-day trial, subjects rinsed with experimental solutions that contained either chitosan, tannic acid (pH = 2.5), tannic acid (pH = 7) or hydrochloric acid. Water served as the negative and chlorhexidine as the positive control. Rinsing occurred four or five times following two different rinsing protocols to investigate both the immediate and long-lasting effects. After 48 h of intraoral exposure, the dental plaque was stained with LIVE/DEAD® BacLight, and fluorescence micrographs were evaluated by using the software ImageJ. The results were verified by scanning electron microscopy. Rinsing with chitosan resulted in little immediate antibacterial and anti-adherent effects but failed to show any long-lasting effect, while rinsing with tannic acid resulted in strong immediate and long-lasting effects. Except for a slightly lower antibacterial effect, the neutral solution of tannic acid was as good as the acidic solution. Hydrochloric acid showed neither an antibacterial nor an anti-adherent effect on dental biofilm formation. Experimental solutions containing tannic acid are promising anti-biofilm agents, irrespective of the pH values of the solutions. Chitosan, on the other hand, was not able to prevent biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Actinomyces naeslundii in initial dental biofilm formation

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (7) ◽  
pp. 2116-2126 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Dige ◽  
M. K. Raarup ◽  
J. R. Nyengaard ◽  
M. Kilian ◽  
B. Nyvad
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Oral Appliances ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Actinomyces Naeslundii ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Notable Increase

The combined use of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) offers new opportunities for analysis of the spatial relationships and temporal changes of specific members of the microbiota of intact dental biofilms. The purpose of this study was to analyse the patterns of colonization and population dynamics of Actinomyces naeslundii compared to streptococci and other bacteria during the initial 48 h of biofilm formation in the oral cavity. Biofilms developed on standardized glass slabs mounted in intra-oral appliances worn by ten individuals for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. The biofilms were subsequently labelled with probes against A. naeslundii (ACT476), streptococci (STR405) or all bacteria (EUB338), and were analysed by CLSM. Labelled bacteria were quantified by stereological tools. The results showed a notable increase in the number of streptococci and A. naeslundii over time, with a tendency towards a slower growth rate for A. naeslundii compared with streptococci. A. naeslundii was located mainly in the inner part of the multilayered biofilm, indicating that it is one of the species that attaches directly to the acquired pellicle. The participation of A. naeslundii in the initial stages of dental biofilm formation may have important ecological consequences.

Chlorhexidine rinsing inhibits biofilm formation and causes biofilm disruption on dental enamel in situ

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 3843-3853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miryam Martínez-Hernández ◽  
Bashar Reda ◽  
Matthias Hannig
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Biofilm Disruption

Action of food preservatives on 14-days dental biofilm formation, biofilm vitality and biofilm-derived enamel demineralisation in situ

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 829-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Birgit Arweiler ◽  
Lutz Netuschil ◽  
Daniel Beier ◽  
Sebastian Grunert ◽  
Christian Heumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Food Preservatives ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Biofilm Vitality

scholarly journals Protein targets in the red complex organisms binding with an herbal compound silymarin

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 759-764
Author(s):  
Nadhirah Faiz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Tannerella Forsythia ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
Herbal Compound

Periodontitis is attributed to the dental biofilm formation caused by various microbial changes that occurs in the biofilm. Red complex organisms are a group of organisms linked with periodontal diseases. Therefore, it is of interest to identify potential targets from the red complex organisms to bind with the herbal compound silymarin. We report a list of potential proteins having optimal drug like binding features with the herbal agent silymarin for further consideration. We used the STITCH v.5 pipeline using VICMPred and VirulentPred tools to identify such targets as potential virulent factors in the red complex organisms. We considered the strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277, Treponema denticola ATCC 35405 and Tannerella forsythia ATCC 43037 in the red complex pathogens for this analysis. Protein targets in the red complex organisms with optimal binding features with the herbal compound silymarin were thus identified and reported for further consideration.

scholarly journals Impacts of sleep on the characteristics of dental biofilm

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Sotozono ◽  
Nanako Kuriki ◽  
Yoko Asahi ◽  
Yuichiro Noiri ◽  
Mikako Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Dental Biofilm

AbstractDental biofilm present on the tooth surface is associated with oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Because bacterial numbers rapidly increase in saliva during sleep, oral care before sleeping is recommended for the prevention of chronic oral diseases. However, temporal circadian changes in the quantity and quality of dental biofilms are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of sleeping on dental biofilm amounts and compositions by using an in situ model. The use of this in situ model enabled us to investigate dental biofilm formed in the oral cavity and to perform a quantitative analysis. Subjects began wearing oral splints in the morning or before sleeping, and biofilm samples were collected at 8, 16, and 24 h after the subjects began wearing oral splints; these samples were then used in various experiments. No significant changes in the numbers of biofilm-forming bacteria were caused by sleep. However, the relative abundances of genera related to periodontitis (i.e., Fusobacterium and Prevotella) increased after awakening. In conclusion, the numbers of biofilm-forming bacteria were not affected by sleep, and the abundances of obligate anaerobes increased after sleep. This research may aid in defining efficacious preventive oral care.

scholarly journals Identification of protein targets in red complex organisms binding with resveratrol

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 837-842
Author(s):  
Keshaav Krishnaa Pothapur ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Tannerella Forsythia ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
Herbal Compound

Periodontitis is attributed to the dental biofilm formation caused by various Red complex organisms are a group of organisms linked with periodontal diseases. Therefore, it is of interest to identify potential targets from the red complex organisms to bind with the herbal compound resveratrol (E - 5 - (4 - hydroxy styryl) benzene 1,3 diol). We report a list of potential proteins having optimal drug like binding features with the herbal agent Resveratrol for further consideration. We used the STITCH v.5 pipeline using VICMPred and VirulentPred tools to identify such targets as potential virulent factors in the red complex organisms. We considered the strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277, Treponema denticola ATCC 35405 and Tannerella forsythia ATCC 43037 in the red complex pathogens for this analysis. Protein targets in the red complex organisms with optimal binding features with the herbal compound resveratrol were thus identified and reported for further consideration.

Calcium-Phosphate-Osteopontin Particles Reduce Biofilm Formation and pH Drops in in situ Grown Dental Biofilms

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Schlafer ◽  
Casper J.S. Ibsen ◽  
Henrik Birkedal ◽  
Bente Nyvad
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Dental Biofilm

This 2-period crossover study investigated the effect of calcium-phosphate-osteopontin particles on biofilm formation and pH in 48-h biofilms grown in situ. Bovine milk osteopontin is a highly phosphorylated glycoprotein that has been shown to interfere with bacterial adhesion to salivary-coated surfaces. Calcium-phosphate-osteopontin particles have been shown to reduce biofilm formation and pH drops in a 5-species laboratory model of dental biofilm without affecting bacterial viability. Here, smooth surface biofilms from 10 individuals were treated ex vivo 6 times/day for 30 min with either calcium-phosphate-osteopontin particles or sterile saline. After growth, the amount of biofilm formed was determined by confocal microscopy, and pH drops upon exposure to glucose were monitored using confocal-microscopy-based pH ratiometry. A total of 160 biofilms were analysed. No adverse effects of repeated ex vivo treatment with calcium-phosphate-osteopontin particles were observed. Particle treatment resulted in a 32% lower amount of biofilm formed (p < 0.05), but large inter-individual differences could be observed. Biofilm pH was significantly higher upon particle treatment, both shortly after the addition of glucose and after 30 min of incubation with glucose (p < 0.05). Calcium-phosphate-osteopontin particles may represent a new therapeutic approach to caries control and aim at directly targeting virulence factors involved in the caries process. Further studies are required to determine the effect of particle treatment on more acidogenic/aciduric biofilms as well as the remineralizing potential of the particles.

scholarly journals The effect of mouthrinses against oral microorganisms

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (spe) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Roberto Cortelli ◽  
Raul Emilio de La Sotta Thénoux
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Supragingival Plaque

This paper reviews the benefits of the use of antimicrobial mouthrinses for controlling dental biofilm. It is currently known that the human oral cavity is inhabited by approximately 600 to 700 different species of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and viruses, organized in biofilms. Biofilm accumulation represents the principal etiologic agent of oral diseases including caries and periodontal diseases. For that reason, prevention of biofilm accumulation has been shown to be associated with the control of diseases. Patient motivation and oral hygiene instruction are claimed to be a major factor influencing the degree of biofilm control. Therefore, mechanical home-care methods, including toothbrushing and flossing, represent the best way for patients to remove biofilm. For many patients, however, the elimination of all biofilm present in the oral cavity through home-care methods could be tedious and time-consuming. Additionally, some local conditions, including malpositioned teeth, presence of bridge-work or orthodontic appliances, among others, may render the mechanical control of biofilm especially difficult. Chemotherapeutic agents, including mouthrinses, could have a key role as adjuncts to daily home care, preventing and controlling supragingival plaque, gingivitis and oral malodor. Indeed, according to the ADA, the active ingredients of mouthwashes must demonstrate a therapeutic effect in vivo and in vitro to be classified as drugs. Several studies included in the present review have demonstrated the effectiveness of mouthrinses containing active ingredients such as chlorhexidine and essential oils in preventing and controlling both supragingival plaque and gingivitis, especially when used adjunctively to regular toothbrushing and flossing procedures.

scholarly journals Structural Organization of Dental Biofilm Formed in situ in the Presence of Sucrose Associated to Maltodextrin

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Gabriela Rezende ◽  
Rodrigo Alex Arthur ◽  
Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers ◽  
Lina Naomi Hashizume
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Biofilm Thickness ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Bovine Enamel

Abstract Maltodextrins, derived from corn starch, have been added to industrialized food combined with sucrose. However it is not clear the diffusion properties of the dental biofilm matrix and the tridimensional structure of multispecies biofilms formed in the presence of these carbohydrates. Therefore, the aim of study was to investigate by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) the structural organization of the multispecies dental biofilm formed in situ under exposure to sucrose associated to maltodextrin. Adult volunteers wore an intraoral palatal appliance containing bovine enamel blocks. They were instructed to remove the appliance 8 times per day and drop the following solutions on the enamel blocks: deionized distilled water (DDW), maltodextrin, sucrose + maltodextrin or sucrose. Biofilms formed were stained and the percentage of extracellular polysaccharide (%EPS) and thickness were determined by CLSM. Biofilm formed in the presence of sucrose and sucrose + maltodextrin presented similar %EPS and higher than DDW and maltodextrin. Regarding to the biofilm thickness, sucrose and sucrose + maltodextrin treatments were thicker than DDW and maltodextrin and similar between them. The structural organization of the multispecies dental biofilm formed in situ in the presence of sucrose does not change when this carbohydrate is associated to maltodextrin.

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