scholarly journals Age and Race as Factors in Craniofacial Growth and Development

1977 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Harris ◽  
Charles J. Kowalski ◽  
Frances A. Levasseur ◽  
Carlos E. Nasjlfti ◽  
Geoffrey F. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Prosthetic Dentistry ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
White Males ◽  
American Black

Large samples of adult American black and white males are being studied to determine the extent to which age and race are important factors in craniofacial mophology and growth. It is shown that a number of dentofacial dimensions continue to change throughout adulthood and that the amount and direction of these changes may be race-specific. Applications in orthodontics and prosthetic dentistry are indicated.

scholarly journals Sex differences in esthetic treatment needs in American Black and White adolescent orthodontic patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward F. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males ◽  
White Girls ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
American Black ◽  
Craniofacial Defects

Abstract Objective: To test whether the severity of malocclusions in adolescents who actually entered orthodontic treatment is different between the sexes, as this might explain the preponderance of girls in orthodontic practices. Materials and Methods: Severity was gauged with the 10-grade esthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) scored on the pretreatment intraoral photographs (n  =  562) in a university-based specialty program. The samples of American White (n  =  401) and American Black (n  =  161) adolescents were free of craniofacial defects. Nonparametric statistics were used for analysis. Results: There is a significant sex difference in the IOTN in White teenagers due to milder, more esthetic cases among the girls. No sex difference occurs in the sample of Blacks, with both sexes having IOTN scores on a par with White males. The severity of malocclusion is independent of the age at start of treatment (within range of 12 to 19 years). Conclusions: Greater subjective self-perceptions of occlusal issues seem to account for the preponderance of White girls in the patient pool, though why the sex difference is not evident in American Blacks is complex. We speculate that sex differences are larger in private practices, since there are fewer selection criteria for entering treatment.

The Demographics of Trade-Affected Services and Manufacturing Workers (1987–1990): A Comparative Analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-67
Author(s):  
Bartholomew Armah
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
College Education ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Industry Group ◽  
White Males ◽  
Group A

Using input-output data for 1987 and 1990, this study identifies the demographic characteristics of trade-affected workers in U.S. manufacturing and service industries. Trade-affected workers are defined as employees in industries that experienced a change (positive or negative) in net total (direct and indirect) trade-related employment between 1987 and 1990. For the period 1987–1990, three industry categories were examined: (a) industries that experienced an increase in positive net trade-related employment; (b) industries that experienced a decline in positive net trade-related employment; and (c) industries that suffered net trade-related employment losses in both years yet experienced an improvement over the period. The study finds that, while manufacturing industry workers in the most favorably affected industry group (i.e., group “a”) were more likely to be highly skilled (i.e., scientists & engineers), highly educated (i.e., over four years of college education), unionized, married and white males, corresponding service sector workers were predominantly unskilled (laborers), less educated, non-unionized, young (i.e., aged 16–24) and male (black and white). Furthermore, the service sector was associated with greater mean trade-related employment and output gains and lower mean employment and output losses than was the manufacturing sector.

scholarly journals Posterior cranial base natural growth and development: A systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 897-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Currie ◽  
Dena Sawchuk ◽  
Humam Saltaji ◽  
Heesoo Oh ◽  
Carlos Flores-Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Dimensional Change ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: To provide a synthesis of the published studies evaluating the natural growth and development of the human posterior cranial base (S-Ba). Materials and Methods: The search was performed on MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and all EBM Reviews electronic databases. In addition, reference lists of the included studies were hand-searched. Articles were included if they analyzed posterior cranial-base growth in humans specifically. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were completed in duplicate. A meta-analysis was not justified. Results: Finally, 23 published studies were selected: 5 cross-sectional and 18 cohort studies. Articles were published between 1955 and 2015, and all were published in English. The sample sizes varied between 20 and 397 individuals and consisted of craniofacial measurements from either living or deceased human skulls. Validity of the measurements was not determined in any of the studies, while six papers reported some form of reliability assessment. All the articles included multiple time points within the same population or data from multiple age groups. Growth of S-Ba was generally agreed to be from spheno-occipital synchondrosis growth. Basion displaced downward and backward and sella turcica moved downward and backward during craniofacial growth. Timing of cessation of S-Ba growth was not conclusive due to limited identified evidence. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that S-Ba is not totally stable, as its dimensions change throughout craniofacial growth and a minor dimensional change is observed even in late adulthood.

THE ENDURING SIGNIFICANCE OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN MALE VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION, 1973–2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Lauritsen ◽  
Karen Heimer ◽  
Joseph B. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
White Male ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractLatino and Black males are more likely to suffer serious violent victimization compared to White males, and it is likely that economic disadvantage and other individual level differences play a key role in these disparities. This study of self-reported data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (1973–2010) is the first effort to assess three important issues: 1) the extent to which the relationship between serious violent victimization and race and ethnicity can be accounted for by age, location of residence, poverty status, and employment; 2) whether these factors have similar influences among Black, White, and Latino males; and 3) whether the net risk for violence associated with race and ethnicity has diminished over time. Our results show that disparities between Black and White male violent victimization decrease approximately 70% once age, location of residence, poverty status, and employment are taken into account, and that differences between Latinos and White males are fully accounted for by these factors. Poverty status is the only factor that varies in the strength of its association with violence across groups. We also find little evidence to suggest that the association between race, ethnicity and victimization risk changed significantly from 1973 to 2010, once other factors are considered. Despite notable declines in violence over this time period, Black and White disparities in male victimization persist over the past four decades; however, the relationship between poverty status and violence has increased some for Black and White males.

scholarly journals Micro-computed tomography-based phenotypic approaches in embryology: procedural artifacts on assessments of embryonic craniofacial growth and development

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J Schmidt ◽  
Trish E Parsons ◽  
Heather A Jamniczky ◽  
Julian Gitelman ◽  
Cvett Trpkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document