scholarly journals Sex differences in esthetic treatment needs in American Black and White adolescent orthodontic patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward F. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males ◽  
White Girls ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
American Black ◽  
Craniofacial Defects

Abstract Objective: To test whether the severity of malocclusions in adolescents who actually entered orthodontic treatment is different between the sexes, as this might explain the preponderance of girls in orthodontic practices. Materials and Methods: Severity was gauged with the 10-grade esthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) scored on the pretreatment intraoral photographs (n  =  562) in a university-based specialty program. The samples of American White (n  =  401) and American Black (n  =  161) adolescents were free of craniofacial defects. Nonparametric statistics were used for analysis. Results: There is a significant sex difference in the IOTN in White teenagers due to milder, more esthetic cases among the girls. No sex difference occurs in the sample of Blacks, with both sexes having IOTN scores on a par with White males. The severity of malocclusion is independent of the age at start of treatment (within range of 12 to 19 years). Conclusions: Greater subjective self-perceptions of occlusal issues seem to account for the preponderance of White girls in the patient pool, though why the sex difference is not evident in American Blacks is complex. We speculate that sex differences are larger in private practices, since there are fewer selection criteria for entering treatment.

Orthodontic Treatment Needs in English Children Aged 11–12 Years

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Active Treatment ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Fixed Appliances

A subjective clinical investigation of the extent of the need for orthodontic treatment in English children aged 11–12 years is described. The sample consisted of 566 boys and 619 girls attending randomly selected schools in Grimsby, England, and included children of all social groups. No significant sex differences were found with respect to either the prevalence of acceptable occlusions or the different basic types of orthodontic treatment required. Approximately 70 per cent required some form of orthodontic treatment; almost 25 per cent required extractions alone and 35·5 per cent required extractions and appliances. It was found that the ratio of removable to fixed appliances for those requiring active treatment was approximately 10: 1.

scholarly journals Correlation of orthodontic treatment motivation and the level of treatment needs based on the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) of orthodontic patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Rissa Zharfany Ernata ◽  
Gita Gayatri ◽  
Anne Agustina Suwargiani
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Treatment Motivation ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Oral Function ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Psychosocial Conditions

Introduction: Malocclusion has an impact on the quality of life, thus becoming the motivation for orthodontic treatment. Subjective and objective needs for orthodontic treatment vary, where subjective needs are sometimes higher or maybe lower than objective needs, vice versa. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) is an index used to see the level of treatment needs. This study was aimed to analyse the correlation of orthodontic treatment motivation and the level of treatment needs based on the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) of orthodontic patients. Methods: The research was correlation analytical. The motivation for orthodontic treatment was assessed using a questionnaire consisted of aspects of oral health motivation, oral function, aesthetics, psychosocial, and influence from others. The level of orthodontic treatment needs was assessed using the IOTN dental health component. Results: It was found that the patients’ motivation related to aesthetics was high. The motivation to get orthodontic treatment due to oral health, oral function, and psychosocial conditions was moderate, while related to the influence of others was low. The level of need for grade 4 treatment shows the largest percentage (48.57%). Gamma correlation analysis between motivation variables related to the oral and psychosocial function with the level of treatment needs showed a significantly positive correlation with the p-values of 0.003 and 0.022, categorized as weak correlation. Conclusion: There is a weak correlation of orthodontic treatment motivation and the level of treatment needs based on the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) of orthodontic patients.

scholarly journals Index of orthodontic treatment needs (IOTN) on orthodontic patients at post graduate orthodontics

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Amalina Othman ◽  
Jono Salim ◽  
Avi Laviana
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Post Graduate ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Treatment Category ◽  
Using Data

Introduction: Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was first developed by Brook and Shaw (1989) as a system for grading malocclusions, has 2 components, AC (Aesthetic Component) that shows patient’s subjective needs and DHC (Dental Heath Component) that reveals objective needs for orthodontic treatment. The objective of this research was to know the severity of malocclusion based on IOTN index of orthodontic patients at Post Graduate Orthodontic Clinic Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran from year 2009 to 2010. Method: This descriptive research was done by using data from dental study models of the patients and anterior scale photographs of the patients from the Orthodontic PPDGS students, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran.  Result: The result of this research shows DHC  59.63% of the patients had definite need for treatment, while 27.52% of the patients had borderline need for treatment and the rest 12.85% of the patients had no need or little need for orthodontic treatment. Meanwhile, according to AC, 49.54% of the patients had no need or little need for treatment, while 33.03% of the patients had definite need for treatment and 17.43% of the patients expressed borderline need for treatment. Conclusion: In a nut shell, by using DHC of IOTN, the highest percentage of patients is in definite need for treatment category. However by using AC of IOTN, the highest percentage of patients is in no need or little need for treatment category.

scholarly journals Age and Race as Factors in Craniofacial Growth and Development

1977 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Harris ◽  
Charles J. Kowalski ◽  
Frances A. Levasseur ◽  
Carlos E. Nasjlfti ◽  
Geoffrey F. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Prosthetic Dentistry ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
White Males ◽  
American Black

Large samples of adult American black and white males are being studied to determine the extent to which age and race are important factors in craniofacial mophology and growth. It is shown that a number of dentofacial dimensions continue to change throughout adulthood and that the amount and direction of these changes may be race-specific. Applications in orthodontics and prosthetic dentistry are indicated.

The Relationship of Compliance with Coping Strategies and Self-Esteem

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisli H. Gudjonsson ◽  
Jon Fridrik Sigurdsson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Summary: The Gudjonsson Compliance Scale (GCS), the COPE Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were administered to 212 men and 212 women. Multiple regression of the test scores showed that low self-esteem and denial coping were the best predictors of compliance in both men and women. Significant sex differences emerged on all three scales, with women having lower self-esteem than men, being more compliant, and using different coping strategies when confronted with a stressful situation. The sex difference in compliance was mediated by differences in self-esteem between men and women.

Sex Differences in Time Production Revisited

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Glicksohn ◽  
Yamit Hadad
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Internal Clock ◽  
Target Duration ◽  
Log P ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Time Production ◽  
T Score

Individual differences in time production should indicate differences in the rate of functioning of an internal clock, assuming the existence of such a clock. And sex differences in time production should reflect a difference in the rate of functioning of that clock between men and women. One way of approaching the data is to compute individual regressions of produced duration (P) on target duration (T), after log transformation, and to derive estimates for the intercept and the slope. One could investigate a sex difference by comparing these estimates for men and women; one could also contrast them by looking at mean log(P). Using such indices, we found a sex difference in time production, female participants having a relatively faster internal clock, making shorter time productions, and having a smaller exponent. The question is whether a sex difference in time production would be found using other methods for analyzing the data: (1) the P/T ratio; (2) an absolute discrepancy (|P-T|) score; and (3) an absolute error (|P-T|/T) score. For the P/T ratio, female participants have a lower mean ratio in comparison to the male participants. In contrast, the |P-T| and |P-T|/T indices seem to be seriously compromised by wide individual differences.

scholarly journals Tower Running—Participation, Performance Trends, and Sex Difference

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Stark ◽  
Stefania Di Gangi ◽  
Caio Victor Sousa ◽  
Pantelis Nikolaidis ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Performance Trends ◽  
The Difference

Though there are exhaustive data about participation, performance trends, and sex differences in performance in different running disciplines and races, no study has analyzed these trends in stair climbing and tower running. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate these trends in tower running. The data, consisting of 28,203 observations from 24,007 climbers between 2014 and 2019, were analyzed. The effects of sex and age, together with the tower characteristics (i.e., stairs and floors), were examined through a multivariable statistical model with random effects on intercept, at climber’s level, accounting for repeated measurements. Men were faster than women in each age group (p < 0.001 for ages ≤69 years, p = 0.003 for ages > 69 years), and the difference in performance stayed around 0.20 km/h, with a minimum of 0.17 at the oldest age. However, women were able to outperform men in specific situations: (i) in smaller buildings (<600 stairs), for ages between 30 and 59 years and >69 years; (ii) in higher buildings (>2200 stairs), for age groups <20 years and 60–69 years; and (iii) in buildings with 1600–2200 stairs, for ages >69 years. In summary, men were faster than women in this specific running discipline; however, women were able to outperform men in very specific situations (i.e., specific age groups and specific numbers of stairs).

scholarly journals Sex differences in the association between major cardiovascular risk factors in midlife and dementia: a cohort study using data from the UK Biobank

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Gong ◽  
Katie Harris ◽  
Sanne A. E. Peters ◽  
Mark Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Sex differences in major cardiovascular risk factors for incident (fatal or non-fatal) all-cause dementia were assessed in the UK Biobank. The effects of these risk factors on all-cause dementia were explored by age and socioeconomic status (SES). Methods Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and women-to-men ratio of HRs (RHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), smoking, diabetes, adiposity, stroke, SES and lipids with dementia. Poisson regression was used to estimate the sex-specific incidence rate of dementia for these risk factors. Results 502,226 individuals in midlife (54.4% women, mean age 56.5 years) with no prevalent dementia were included in the analyses. Over 11.8 years (median), 4068 participants (45.9% women) developed dementia. The crude incidence rates were 5.88 [95% CI 5.62–6.16] for women and 8.42 [8.07–8.78] for men, per 10,000 person-years. Sex was associated with the risk of dementia, where the risk was lower in women than men (HR = 0.83 [0.77–0.89]). Current smoking, diabetes, high adiposity, prior stroke and low SES were associated with a greater risk of dementia, similarly in women and men. The relationship between blood pressure (BP) and dementia was U-shaped in men but had a dose-response relationship in women: the HR for SBP per 20 mmHg was 1.08 [1.02–1.13] in women and 0.98 [0.93–1.03] in men. This sex difference was not affected by the use of antihypertensive medication at baseline. The sex difference in the effect of raised BP was consistent for dementia subtypes (vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease). Conclusions Several mid-life cardiovascular risk factors were associated with dementia similarly in women and men, but not raised BP. Future bespoke BP-lowering trials are necessary to understand its role in restricting cognitive decline and to clarify any sex difference.

scholarly journals Level of Knowledge, Understanding, and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Continuing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment in Adults: A Questionnaire Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
RSVM Raghu Ram ◽  
I Ranganayakulu ◽  
K Anand Viswanadh ◽  
TSS Manikanta Kumar ◽  
C Viswa Chaitanya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Missed Appointments ◽  
Clinical Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment In Adults ◽  
Status Disclosure ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Objectives: To evaluate the level of knowledge, understanding, and impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on adult patients regarding their ongoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive survey was conducted on 108 adult patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment at GSL Dental College (GSLDC), India. All the candidates were aged 18 years and above, who were in lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic and devoid of treatment. Results: Among the patients 43.5% were male and 56.5% were female; 22.3% were not at all aware that the COVID-19 virus spreads quickly in a dental setup; 64.8% were definitely willing for their status disclosure and to undergo pretreatment screening; 71.3% were definitely willing to adhere to strict appointment timings for adequate sanitization of the clinical area; 60.2% thought that missed appointments during the COVID-19 pandemic would prolong their overall orthodontic treatment and affect their treatment outcome; and 51.9% were financially affected due to the pandemic. Conclusions: Not all adult orthodontic patients were in knowledge of COVID-19 cross infection. The majority were in a state of understanding and willing to follow infection-eradicating protocols. Patients’ view on overall orthodontic treatment was altered due to the psychological and financial impact of COVID-19.

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