The Focused Offender Disposition Program: Philosophy, Procedures, and Preliminary Findings

The Focused Offender Disposition (FOD) Program was established by the Bureau of Justice Assistance in 1988 as one of many responses to the growing numbers of drug-involved offenders coming to the attention of the criminal justice system. The basic purpose of FOD was to develop and test a needs assessment classification system that courts could use for directing drug offenders into the most appropriate type of treatment program. A secondary purpose was to examine the efficacy of urine monitoring as an alternative to treatment. The centerpiece of FOD was the Offender Profile Index (OPI), an assessment instrument that yielded a numerical score that suggested four alternative interventions — long-term residential treatment, short-term residential treatment, outpatient treatment, and urine monitoring only. This article offers some preliminary findings on the project and offers suggestions for the implementation of similar efforts.

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Nonmedical Interventions for Schizophrenia: A Review of Diet, Exercise and Social Roles

10.31234/osf.io/8fm32 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel S. Helman

Keyword(s):

Term Treatment ◽

Physical Processes ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Short Term ◽

Alternative Interventions ◽

Social Interventions ◽

General Utility ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Abnormal Lipid Metabolism

Schizophrenia is a major mental illness with a disease course that is influenced by lifestyle. The risk-benefit ratio for alternative interventions is more favorable than for antipsychotics in long-term treatment. Dietary interventions may target autoimmune features, vitamin or mineral deficiencies, abnormal lipid metabolism, gluten sensitivity or others. Examples of interventions involving diet, physical activity or physical processes, or social interventions including talk therapy exist in the literature. Notwithstanding, the general utility of these types of interventions remains inconclusive, awaiting long-term randomized trials. A perspective that separates the cause of the disease from its symptoms may be helpful in treatment planning and is warranted to distinguish between short-term and long-term recovery goals.

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A Comparison of Long-Term and Short-Term Residential Treatment Programs for Dual Diagnosis Patients

Psychiatric Services ◽

10.1176/appi.ps.52.4.526 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 526-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Mary F. Brunette ◽

Robert E. Drake ◽

Mary Woods ◽

Timothy Hartnett

Keyword(s):

Residential Treatment ◽

Dual Diagnosis ◽

Treatment Programs ◽

Short Term ◽

Residential Treatment Programs

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TINJAUAN YURIDIS TENTANG PARALEGAL DALAM PEMBERIAN BANTUAN HUKUM

Al-Adl : Jurnal Hukum ◽

10.31602/al-adl.v11i1.2022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 103

Author(s):

Afif Khalid ◽

Dadin Eka Saputra

Keyword(s):

Critical Analysis ◽

Justice System ◽

Research Method ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Legal Assistance ◽

Legal Aid ◽

Legal Research ◽

Short Term ◽

Qualitative Descriptive

AbstractThis research will discuss a juridical review of paralegals in the provision of legal assistance where there is an overlap of authority between Advocates and paralegals who through Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Permenkumham Number 01 Year 2018 are authorized to obtain proceedings both in non-litigation and litigation. The short-term goal expected from this research is to provide a critical analysis of paralegals in the provision of legal assistance in a justice system in Indonesia. The long-term goal of this research can be an appropriate and effective framework in solving problems regarding the provision of legal assistance as efforts to provide legal protection for justice seekers. This research uses a normative juridical research method. This normative legal research was conducted in a qualitative descriptive, normative descriptive means that the material or legal materials are collected, sorted and subsequently studied and analyzed for content, so that it can know the level of synchronization, the feasibility of norms, and the submission of new normative ideas. Keynote: Paralegals, Advocate, Legal Aid, Justice. AbstrakPenelitian ini akan membahas tentang tinjauan yuridis tentang paralegal dalam pemberian bantuan hukum dimana terdapat tumpang tindih kewenangan antara Advokat dengan paralegal yang melalui Permenkumham Nomor 01 Tahun 2018 diberikan wewenang untuk dapat beracara baik secara non litigasi maupun litigasi. Tujuan jangka pendek yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan analisa kritis terhadap paralegal dalam pemberian bantuan hukum dalam sebuah sistem peradilan di Indonesia. Tujuan jangka panjang dari penelitian ini dapat menjadi kerangka kerja yang tepat dan efektif dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan tentang pemberian bantuan hukum sebagai upaya-upaya pemberian perlindungan hukum para pencari keadilan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Penelitian hukum normatif ini dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu materi atau bahan-bahan hukum tersebut dikumpulkan, dipilah-pilah untuk selanjutnya dipelajari dan dianalisis muatannya, sehingga dapat diketahui taraf sinkronisasinya, kelayakan norma, dan pengajuan gagasan-gagasan normatif baru. Kata Kunci: Paralegal, Advokat, Pemberian Bantuan Hukum, Peradilan

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Comment on Kärrholm et al. “Designing the Swedish Crime Harm Index: an Evidence-Based Strategy”

Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing ◽

10.1007/s41887-021-00061-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jerzy Sarnecki

Keyword(s):

Justice System ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Crime Statistics ◽

Short Term ◽

Longitudinal Development ◽

Crime Harm Index ◽

Harmful Behavior ◽

Evidence Based Policing ◽

Term Analysis

Abstract Question Is the Swedish Crime Harm Index as presented and corrected in this Journal as reported by Kärrholm et al. Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing (2020a, b) a valid method for studying the long-term development of crime and of the harm caused by crime? Data Cited publications in this journal, Swedish crime statistics, and other evidence on historical changes in Swedish crime reporting. Methods Documentation of the ways in which crime counting in different categories has changed over time in Sweden. Findings The authors do not seem to have considered important aspects of the way the Swedish crime statistics are assembled. An overestimation of the increase in cases of homicide and of the penalty value of offenses that do not usually result in custodial sentences are two examples. The authors also fail to consider legislation that criminalizes previously unpunished (harmful) behavior. Conclusion The historical CHI, as it has been constructed by Kärrholm et al. is not an appropriate method for studying the long-term development of crime and of the harm caused by crime. In a time of net-widening and increasing punitiveness in the justice system, the CHI will show an increase even with no change in actual crime behavior. A simple measure of the current harm caused by crime may be useful for short-term analysis, planning, and the evaluation of police efforts, but it is inadequate as a means of studying the longitudinal development of the crime problem. In the calculation of CHI, harm caused by crimes that do not lead to imprisonment should also be included.

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Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x15000928 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

Author(s):

Mary C. Potter

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽

Language Comprehension ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Visual Presentation ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

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Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100159412 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 374-375

Author(s):

D.E. Loudy ◽

J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽

J.T. Yarrington ◽

F.Y. Thompson ◽

J.P. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Antidepressant Drug ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Platelet Counts ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Induced Aggregation ◽

Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

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Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-20-00018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 710-727

Author(s):

Beula M. Magimairaj ◽

Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽

Alexander V. Sergeev ◽

Natalie J. Benafield

Keyword(s):

Auditory Processing ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Group Differences ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Short Term ◽

Significant Group ◽

Term Memory ◽

Memory And Attention ◽

Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

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