Journey to Authenticity: Afrikan Psychology as an Act of Social Justice Honoring Afrikan Humanity

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-513
Author(s):  
Kevin Washington (Mwata Kairi)
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Psychic Trauma ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Correct Understanding

The proper healing of a people is difficult without a correct understanding of those peoples’ experiences and their worldview. This is very true with respect to the healing of the shattered consciousness and fractured identity of what has been called the transatlantic slave trade encountered by Afrikan people in America and throughout the Afrikan Diaspora. My journey into healing the wounds of racism and oppression began when I was called a “nigger” in 1971 in first grade. Years of studying Black/Afrikan history and being informed by Black psychologists would inspire me to conceptualize racism as a mental disorder that should be classified as such in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. Moreover, I advance a distinct psychology ( Ubuntu psychology/psychotherapy) of healing psychic trauma of Afrikans in America as well as throughout the diaspora and on the continent of Afrika.

Terapi bermain untuk melatih konsentrasi pada anak yang mengalami gangguan autis

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Indahwati
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv

Pada masa perkembangannya, anak-anak akan menjalani proses belajar yang akan mengarahkan pada pertumbuhan yang sempurna. Namun berbagai kendala tidak menutup kemungkinan menghalangi perkembangan anak. Seperti adanya gangguan autis yang sampai saat ini menjadi salah satu gangguan yang banyak dialami oleh anak-anak tanpa memandang etnis atau ras. Beberapa kriteria untuk yang menunjukkan gejala autis antara lain, adanya gangguan sosial dan emosional, gangguan komunikasi dan terdapat tindakan repetitif. Dalam penelitian ini melibatkan satu subyek yang memenuhi kriteria autis dalam DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder). Metode yang digunakan yaitu observasi dan wawancara. Intervensi dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 4 sesi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi gangguan sosial berupa melatih konsentrasi anak autis melalui terapi bermain. Permainan yang diberikan berupa alat permainan edukasi yang mempunyai manfaat untuk melatih konsentrasi anak. Setelah diberikan terapi, terdapat perubahan pada subjek yaitu terjadinya peningkatankonsentrasi.Kata kunci: Terapi bermain, konsentrasi, gangguan autis

Key demographic and mental disorder diagnostic differences between Australian First Nations and non-First Nations clinic-referred children and adolescents assessed in a culturally appropriate and safe way

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110638
Author(s):  
Alasdair Vance ◽  
Jo Winther ◽  
Janet McGaw ◽  
Selena White
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Social Adversity

Objective: Increased point prevalence rates of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder have been reported in American Indian and Canadian First Nations children and adolescents. To date, in Australia, there has been no published examination of standardized Diagnostic and Statistical Manual mental disorder diagnoses in First Nations children and adolescents, determined after addressing key cultural methodological issues. Methods: In all, 113 First Nations children and adolescents and 217 non-First Nations young people, aged 6–16  years, age, gender, mental disorder symptom severity, symptom-linked distress and impairment matched were recruited in a case control study. Also, 112 typically developing non-First Nations participants, age and gender matched to the other two clinical groups as a second comparison group were recruited. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual mental disorder diagnoses via semi-structured clinical interview, social adversity status and full scale IQ were determined in all participants with cultural validity and reliability of the impairing patterns of symptoms in First Nations young people determined by First Nations mental health staff and Aboriginal Health Liaison Officers. Full scale IQ and social adversity status were appropriately controlled in the Logistic Regression analyses of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual mental disorder diagnoses between the two clinical groups. Results: Oppositional defiant disorder was the only diagnostic and statistical manual mental disorder diagnosis that differed between the First Nations and non-First Nations clinical groups, adjusting for confounding by social adversity status and full scale IQ in the multivariable model. The point prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder was 2.94 times higher (95% confidence interval: 1.14–7.69) among the First Nations compared to the non-First Nations clinical group. Conclusion: Key known risk factors for oppositional defiant disorder can be identified early and holistically managed in First Nations young people. This will prevent oppositional defiant disorder decreasing their access to mental health services and increasing their involvement in the criminal justice system. In addition, the resilience building aspects of oppositional defiant disorder that may enhance self-respect need to be nurtured.

What’s Wrong With Psychiatry in Plain English?

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Task Force ◽  
True Positive ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
False Positive Detection ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (5th ed.; DSM-5) Task Force’s recommendation to reduce the limit of normal bereavement to 2 weeks has provoked a wave of negative public and professional reaction not seen since the 1960s and 1970s. I argue that the Task Force is correct to insist that excuses have no place in medicine, which is how psychiatry promotes itself, and therefore for the sake of consistency, bereavement should not count as the only exception to what would otherwise be diagnosed as a mental disorder. But the reclassification of bereavement as mental disorder should focus attention on psychiatry’s overall inability to clearly say what they are talking about when they refer to mental disorder and to provide objective evidentiary grounds for detecting “its” presence. Detecting something is illusory (think of witches) if there is no way to distinguish between true-positive detection and false-positive detection.

The DSM-V Project: Bad Science Produces Bad Psychiatry

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm V

The project to develop the successor to fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has been under way for 10 years, yet it is still several years from completion, and the field trials, the most difficult and expensive part, have not even started. This article explores the reasons why the project is struggling, arguing that the defects the Diagnostic and Statistical Model-V (DSM-V) Committee has found are not chance or random problems that can be overcome by more money but rather represent serious conceptual errors in the very basis of the ideas underlying the project. As a result of these errors, it is predicted that the entire notion of valid categories of mental disorder will collapse in self-contradiction. One of the most recent suggestions for a new disorder, psychotic risk syndrome (now APSS), is used to demonstrate how the principles of science cannot accommodate the unstated ideological demands driving the DSM-V project.

Transforming Normality into Pathology: The DSM and the Outcomes of Stressful Social Arrangements

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan V. Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The Social

The sociology of stress shows how nondisordered people often become distressed in contexts such as chronic subordination; the losses of status, resources, and attachments; or the inability to achieve valued goals. Evolutionary psychology indicates that distress arising in these contexts stems from psychological mechanisms that are responding appropriately to stressful circumstances. A diagnosis of mental disorder, in contrast, indicates that these mechanisms are not functioning as they are designed to function. The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, however, has come to treat both the natural results of the stress process and individual pathology as mental disorders. A number of social groups benefit from and promote the conflation of normal emotions with dysfunctions. The result has been to overestimate the number of people who are considered to be disordered, to focus social policy on the supposedly unmet need for treatment, and to enlarge the social space of pathology in the general culture.

scholarly journals Pendokumentasian Asuhan Keperawatan dalam Pelayanan Keperawatan Jiwa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satri Andani Zendrato
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
International Classification ◽  
World Health ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
International Classification Of Disease ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Health Organization

Latar belakang, Jiwa adalah unsur manusia yang bersifat nonmateri, tetapi fungsi dan manifestasinya sangat terkait pada materi. Mahasiswa yang pertama kali mempelajari ilmu jiwa dan keperawatan jiwa sering mengalami kesulitan dengan hal yang harus dipelajari, karena jiwa bersifat abstrak dan tidak berwujud benda. Tujuan, Untuk memberikan gambaran alasan perawat dalam pelaksanaan pendokumentasi Asuhan Keperawatan dan memberikan gambaran hambatan perawat terhadap pelaksanaan pendokumentasian asuhan. Metode, Kajian ini menggunakan literature review berdasarkan buku teks, buku refrensi, jurnal e-book (10 tahun terakhir) dengan menganalisis, eksplorasi, dan kajian bebas. Hasil, Hasil dari diagnosis gangguan jiwa telah mengalami berbagai penyempurnaan. Pada tahun 1960-an, World Health Organization (WHO) memulai menyusun klasifikasi diagnosis seperti tercantum pada International Classification of Disease (ICD). Klasifikasi ini masih terus disempurnakan, yang saat ini telah sampai pada edisi ke sepuluh (ICD X). Asosiasi dokter psikiatri Amerika juga telah mengembangkan sistem klasifikasi berdasarkan diagnosis dan manual statistik dari gangguan jiwa (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder—DSM). Pembahasan, dijelaskan beberapa tentang pendokumentasi terhadap pelayanan keperawatan jiwa yaitu : Alasan Pelaksanaan Pendokumentasian Asuhan Keperawatan, Hambatan pelaksanaan pendokumentasian, Dukungan dalam Pelaksanaan pendokumentasian, Harapan dalam Pelaksanaan Pendokumentasian Asuhan keperawatan.

Versioning boundary objects: the citation profile of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM)

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Li ◽  
Chenyue Jiao ◽  
Cassidy R. Sugimoto ◽  
Vincent Larivière
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Boundary Object ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Domains ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Epistemic Objects

PurposeResearch objects, such as datasets and classification standards, are difficult to be incorporated into a document-centric framework of citations, which relies on unique citable works. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorder (DSM)—a dominant classification scheme used for mental disorder diagnosis—however provides a unique lens on examining citations to a research object, given that it straddles the boundaries as a single research object with changing manifestations.Design/methodology/approachUsing over 180,000 citations received by the DSM, this paper analyzes how the citation history of DSM is represented by its various versions, and how it is cited in different knowledge domains as an important boundary object.FindingsIt shows that all recent DSM versions exhibit a similar citation cascading pattern, which is characterized by a strong replacement effect between two successive versions. Moreover, the shift of the disciplinary contexts of DSM citations can be largely explained by different DSM versions as distinct epistemic objects.Practical implicationsBased on these results, the authors argue that all DSM versions should be treated as a series of connected but distinct citable objects. The work closes with a discussion of the ways in which the existing scholarly infrastructure can be reconfigured to acknowledge and trace a broader array of research objects.Originality/valueThis paper connects quantitative methods and an important sociological concept, i.e. boundary object, to offer deeper insights into the scholarly communication system. Moreover, this work also evaluates how versioning, as a significant yet overlooked attribute of information resources, influenced the citation patterns of citable objects, which will contribute to more material-oriented scientific infrastructures.

Do We Need Another Eating Disorder?

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
Pamela K. Keel
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Purging Disorder

Most people know about anorexia and some know about bulimia, but very few have ever heard of purging disorder. Purging disorder is an eating disorder characterized by self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications to influence weight or shape in individuals who are not underweight and who do not have large binges. This chapter describes how and when purging disorder was first identified, placing it in the context of the identification of other eating disorders and the factors that determine whether a condition should be considered a new mental disorder. It describes how purging disorder came to be included as an “other specified feeding or eating disorder” in the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Rethinking mental disorder diagnosis: Data-driven psychological dimensions, not categories, as a framework for mental health research, treatment, and training

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C Conway ◽  
Robert Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Psychological Dimensions

Generations of psychologists have been taught that mental disorder can be carved into discrete categories, each qualitatively different from the others and from normality. This model is now outdated. A preponderance of evidence tells us that (a) individual differences in mental health versus illness are a matter of degree, not kind; and (b) broad mental health conditions (e.g., thought disorder) account for the tendency of narrower ones (e.g., hallucinations, delusions, paranoia) to co-occur. With these observations in mind, researchers are increasingly turning to an alternative diagnostic system, called the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP), that describes the broad and specific components of mental disorder. It deconstructs traditional diagnostic categories, such as those listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), and recasts them in terms of a profile of dimensions. Recent findings support the utility of this approach for mental health research and intervention efforts. Most importantly, HiTOP has the potential to put mental health research, training, and treatment on a much sounder scientific footing.

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