Pengaruh token ekonomi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan rawat diri pada individu dengan gangguan skizoafektif

The subject was a 41-year-old woman with a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder. Subjects showed the symptoms of schizoid that made them less interested in daily activities, less concerned with hygiene and self-care. Assessment methods used are observations, interviews, and psychological tests in the form of WAIS, graphic tests (DAP, BAUM, &HTP), TAT, WWQ and WHODAS questionnaire. Interventions are made to deal with the lack of ability in self-care, using behavior modification therapy with the token economy method. The results showed that Token Economy was effective to improve the subject's ability to care for themselves, they became more motivated to perform basic activities such as self-cleaning.

Terapi aktivasi perilaku untuk mengurangi perilaku menarik diri pada pasien skizofrenia

Subject in the this study experienced withdrawn behavior that is one of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Withdrawing is characterized by decrease in initiative behavior that can create functional impairments in life, work, relationships, social function, and self-care. The intervention used to reduce withdrawn behavior was Behavior Activation Therapy which arranged for nine sessions. The purpose of intervention was to increase daily activities by scheduling activities with monitoring. The results of the intervention showed an increase in the daily activities of the subjects. Subject begins to be able to carry out activities such as bathing, eating, taking regular medication, and cleaning the house. The success of interventions is also supported by family involvement in monitoring the activities and providing support to carry out the intervention well.

Terapi kognitif pada permasalahan hubungan sosial

One of the tasks of child development is to establish and build social relationships with friends and their environment. Individuals who have been socially excluded will withdraw by not having relationships with others because of the fear of the negative evaluation feom others. The assessment methods used were interview, observation and psychological tests namely were graphic tests, and the Intelligenz Structure Test (IST). The intervention used to change the subject's negative thoughts to become more positive is cognitive therapy. The cognitive therapy process that was given as many as 6 sessions with the target subject was able to change his negative thoughts into more positive ones. The results of the intervention show that the subject was able to replaces his negative thoughts with positive thoughts which ultimately makes the subject feel no guilt anymore.

Permainan sensori motorik untuk meningkatkan konsentrasi pada anak dengan ADHD

The subject is a child with ADHD disorder with problems of lack of concentration and attention that is easily distracted. This affects performance in school and schoolwork that is not completed. Sensory Motor Play was done to improve the concentration of subjects so that their performance in school becomes better. This intervention uses a wide variety of games so that the subject was not easily bored and involves physical activity. The results of the intervention found that the concentration of the subject increased which was characterized by several completed tasks, showed the behavior of being able to wait in line and be able to control their voice.

Terapi rasional-emotif perilaku untuk menurunkan tingkat depresi pada wanita

The subject is a college student woman who has changes in functionality in everyday life. Subject has a bad view of herself and tend to like to compare herself with others, especially physical problems. As a result, subject tend to be easily sad, lose interest, often feel tired and sometimes bring up suicidal thoughts. The assessment methods used were clinical interview, observation, and psychological tests, namely the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale, graphics, Thematic Apperception Test, the Beck Depression Inventory II scale and WHODAS. Subject was diagnosed with major depressive disorder with moderate level of functioning. The intervention used was rational-emotive behavior therapy which was composed of five sessions. This therapy is used with the aim of reducing depression levels through changing irrational beliefs to become more rational. The results of the intervention showed a decrease in the subject's level of depression as indicated by changes in the scores obtained before and after the intervention was given.

Konseling realitas untuk mereduksi stres pada orangtua tunggal

The client is a 57 years old woman with complaints of feeling disappointed, irritable, palpitations, chest pain, sweating for no reason that interferes with daily activities. The results of the medical examination did not show any physiological problems. Based on the assessments carried out through interviews, observation, graphic tests, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and WHODAS indicate that the client is experiencing stress. The intervention provided was six sessions of reality counseling. The results of the intervention showed a decrease in stress scores from 25 to 13 on the DASS scale and accompanied by changes in more productive behavior.

Token ekonomi sebagai perlakuan menurunkan perilaku hiperaktif pada anak dengan attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a behavior that can affect the others. In this case, the subject cannot sit quietly, running around, talk endlessly, cannot be queued, not focus and the pronunciation is not clear. Based on the problems experienced by the subject of today’s most troubling is hyperactive behavior, the subject is not able to sit quietly and often running around. It is reported by parents and the class teacher. Assessment methodswere interviews, observation and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The intervention given to overcome these problems was token economy. The results of the intervention showed that the behavior of a hyperactive form of cannot sit quietly and often running around can be reduced.

Group Reality Therapy untuk mereduksi kecemasan narapidana wanita dalam menghadapi respon sosial menjelang masa pembebasan bersyarat

Prisoners when facing the period of parole are certain to experience anxiety problems because of the negative stigma and social responses.The purpose of this case study is to reduce the prisoners’s anxiety symptoms by using Group Reality Therapy. The assessment method uses semi-structured interviews, observation, and the TMAS (Talyor Manifest Anxiety Scale) scale. The subjects were four inmates, male aged 22-23 years. The results of the assessment showed that the anxiety problems experienced by the subjects were at a moderate level of anxiety. Analysis by comparing before and after psychological intervention. The results of psychological intervention using Group Reality Therapy showed a decrease in anxiety symptoms.

Meningkatkan keterampilan sosial pasien skizofrenia katatonik melalui social skill training

Social interaction in people with schizophrenia is a serious problem, because if it is not treated it will make the situation worse. This case study aims to improve social skills in people with schizophrenia using Social Skills Training. Psychological assessment using interviews, observation, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Graphic Test, and Sack’s Sentence Completion Test (SSCT). The subject is 18 year old male. The results of the intervention showchanges in the form of being able to say hello, introduce yourself first, interact with people around, and the subject is no longer in the room often.

Structural family therapy untuk memperbaiki interaksi dalam keluarga

Problems in the family is the result of a reaction to the social interaction between family members. Bad communication and obscurity of interaction between family members leads to misunderstandings in family relationships. Structural Family Therapy used to improve the pattern of communication in the family. The subject consists of three members of the family. The data were obtained using interview and observation. The intervention was carried out in five sessions. The results of the intervention were each family member has a good pattern of communication, reduced misunderstandings, clear regulations and role in the interaction between them.