Perceived Risk in Mail-Order and Retail Store Buying

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homer E. Spence ◽  
James F. Engel ◽  
Roger D. Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Retail Store ◽  
Mail Order ◽  
Socioeconomic Variables ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates differences in risk perception between buying by mail and buying from a store and/or salesman. For 20 products studied, consumers perceived more risk in the mail-order situation than in the store/salesman situation. The relationship between perceived risk and selected socioeconomic variables is examined. Implications for further research are explored.

scholarly journals New patterns in wine consumption: the wine by the glass trend

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (8) ◽  
pp. 2655-2669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diletta Acuti ◽  
Valentina Mazzoli ◽  
Laura Grazzini ◽  
Rinaldo Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Variety Seeking ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wine Consumption ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to advance the understanding of wine by the glass (WBG) consumption as a new growing trend in wine consumption. To this end, the roles of risk perception, wine involvement and variety seeking are investigated in determining WBG purchase intentions. Design/methodology/approach Two studies based on a scenario-based survey have been conducted. In Study 1 (n=248), the relationship between WBG risk perception and WBG purchase intention mediated by variety seeking is tested. In Study 2 (n=200), the relationship between wine involvement and WBG purchase intention with the mediating role of variety seeking is analysed. Findings Results show that variety seeking plays a key role in determining WBG purchase intentions considering both WBG perceived risk and wine involvement as independent variables. Research limitations/implications The study advances the literature on WBG consumption by enclosing the psychological mechanism (i.e. variety seeking) behind consumers’ WBG purchase intentions. The main limitation of this study lies in it being conducted in a single country (i.e. Italy). Practical implications This paper provides useful guidelines for wine managers. Specifically, variety seeking can attract consumers in new wine-consuming places based on a rich assortment. Moreover, it can present a challenge to wine producers in creating brand loyalty. Originality/value Although WBG is a growing trend in wine consumption, empirical studies are still scant and a deeper comprehension of its antecedents and consequences is needed. By showing variety seeking as the mechanism behind WBG consumption, this study offers a new theoretical explanation of this phenomenon.

Impact of risk perception on customer purchase behavior: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-96
Author(s):  
Zhihong Li ◽  
Yongzhong Sha ◽  
Xuping Song ◽  
Kehu Yang ◽  
Kun ZHao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Effect Estimate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Risk perception is an essential factor affecting how individuals evaluate risk, make decisions and behave. The impact of risk perception on customer purchase behavior has been widely studied; however, the association has been debated. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between risk perception and customer purchase behavior and to examine factors that could moderate it. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted a meta-analysis of this relationship and examined factors that could moderate it. Six databases were comprehensively searched. Two reviewers independently selected the studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed quality. Pearson's r was used as the effect estimate. A total of 33 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Findings The results revealed a negative relationship between risk perception and customer purchase behavior. The geographical region, purchase channel and country development level affected the relationship. The correlation between perceived risk and purchase behavior in European consumers was the highest, followed by the correlation in American consumers; the weakest correlation was found in Asian consumers. For consumers in developed countries, perceived risk had a stronger negative influence on customer purchase behavior than that for consumers in developing countries. The perceived risk of online purchase channels had a stronger negative impact on customer purchase behavior than that of offline purchase channels. Research limitations/implications Risk perception is a useful context in which to explain barriers to customer purchase behavior. In addition, reducing consumers’ risk perception and perfecting the market transaction process with respect to buying behavior should be further studied. Originality/value The findings of this review indicate a direct negative relationship between risk perception and customer purchase behavior. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this review is the first to meta-analytically summarize the impact of risk perception on customer purchase behavior in social sciences research, and it also illuminates new perspectives for future studies.

The influence of perceived risk on brand addiction: A research on cosmetics products

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Ahmet Gurbuz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Quality Image ◽  
Product Risk ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
The Relationship

Consumers prefer certain brands like price, quality, image, environment and personal expectations, and therefore it is important to determine the reasons that are effective in brand loyalty in terms of both producers and intermediary institutions. In recent years, there have been many studies on brand loyalty. Investigations are generally carried out on the condition of showing brand affiliation and on the stages of the formation of this commitment. The relationship between consumers’ risk perceptions of cosmetic products and brand dependency will be examined in our research. This study aiming to determine the effect of consumers’ cosmetic product risk perception on brand dependency will be realised in Karabuk. Within the scope of the research, the data obtained by the questionnaire method will be analyzed with statistical methods and interpreted in tables. Keywords: Perceived risk, brand, brand dependence.

Perceived risk and intention to use internet banking

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Lampugnani Marafon ◽  
Kenny Basso ◽  
Lélis Balestrin Espartel ◽  
Márcia Dutra de Barcellos ◽  
Eduardo Rech
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Internet Banking ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Risk Acceptance ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the moderating role of self-confidence and risk acceptance on the relationship between perceived risk and intention to use internet banking. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted with 180 Brazilian banking customers. The Johnson-Neyman test was used to verify the moderation and significant regions along self-confidence and risk acceptance levels. Findings Self-confidence and risk acceptance moderate the relationship between risk perception and intention to use internet banking. For individuals with high self-confidence, the effect of perceived risk on intention to use internet banking is lower than it is for individuals with low self-confidence. In the same way, for individuals with high risk acceptance, the effect of perceived risk on intention to use internet banking is lower than it is for individuals with low risk acceptance. Research limitations/implications This research contributes to the understanding of the conditions (two personal factors) under which risk perception does not influence intention to use a technological tool. Practical implications This paper provides insights for marketing managers to encourage customers to develop greater risk acceptance and self-confidence to minimize the negative effects of perceived risk of the adoption of internet banking. Originality/value Although risk perception can contribute to customers’ avoidance of internet banking, this is the first paper to verify how acceptance of risk and self-confidence can moderate the effects of perceived risk on intention to use internet banking.

Perceived Risk in Mail-Order and Retail Store Buying

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homer E. Spence ◽  
James F. Engel ◽  
Roger D. Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Retail Store ◽  
Mail Order

scholarly journals The Impact of Risk Perception on the Destination Image and Visit Intention: COVID-19 Pandemic and Wuhan Tourism

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Affective Dimensions

This study aims to explore the relationship between risk perceptions and destination image and visit intentions with Chinese domestic tourists. This article divides the destination image into cognitive and affective dimensions. The current study also examines how three risk perceptions, including physical, financial and performance risks, influence the intention to visit a destination. Evidence from 336 Chinese domestic tourists who visited Wuhan after COVID-19 pandemic suggest that perceived risk negatively and significantly influences cognitive and affective images. At the same time, cognitive and affective images positively influence the intention to visit.

scholarly journals The Effect of Product Knowledge and Influence of Society on Investment Intention of Stock Investors with Perceived Risk as Mediation

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairina Natsir ◽  
Agus Zainul Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Product Knowledge ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Google Docs ◽  
Inner Model ◽  
Investment Intentions ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to find scientific evidence about the factors that influence the investment intentions of stock products in Indonesia. The research subjects are stock investors in the Indonesian capital market in 2020. The objects studied include product knowledge, risk perception, influence of society, and investment intentions. The sample was selected by purposive random sampling method. Primary data collection is done online by distributing questionnaires using Google Docs via social media WhatsApp, Telegram and Line. The number of research samples is 470 data. Data analysis was performed using SEM-PLS in two test categories, namely testing the outer model and testing the inner model. The results of this study indicate that product knowledge and influence of society have a significant effect on investment intention of stock investors in Indonesia, perceived risk does not significantly affect investment intention. Other findings prove that product knowledge has a significant effect on risk perception. In addition, this study also proves that Perceived Risk cannot mediate product knowledge on investment intention. Thus the results of this study can clarify the relationship between product knowledge, perceived risk and influence of society on investment intention so that at least it can provide guidance to the community to increase investment intention.

scholarly journals Associations between Colorectal Cancer Risk Perception and Dietary Patterns among University Students in the Caribbean: A Cross- Sectional Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
University Students ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Early perceptions of risk for chronic non-communicable diseases have been seen to be attributed to unhealthy lifestyles from as early as the stage of late adolescence; this relationship, however, has not been examined in the context of dietary patterns. This study investigated the relationship between risk perception for colorectal cancer (CRC) and dietary patterns among university students. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1056 university students was conducted collecting data on demographics, lifestyle, and dietary patterns were obtained using a structured paper-based questionnaire. Principle component analysis (PCA) was used to identify dietary patterns and logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between perceived risk for CRC and dietary patterns adjusting for confounders. Results: PCA analysis identified three main dietary patterns- westernized, prudent and dairy. The majority of participants (90%) perceived their risk for CRC as none/low. No significant differences were observed between dietary (western and prudent) patterns and risk perceptions (p>0.05). Higher consumptions of westernized diets were significantly associated with higher risk perceptions (OR= 1.13, p=0.022). Greater adherence to prudent (OR= 1.01, p=0.94) and dairy (OR=0.97, p=0.642) patterns didn’t significantly influence risk perceptions for CRC. Conclusion: Diets influenced highly on westernized patterns may increase one’s subjective perception of risk for developing CRC in the future. Cancer prevention marketing strategies are needed at the university level in assisting to combat the rise of the incidence of cancer globally.

Does perceived risk really matter in travel behaviour?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Caber ◽  
M Rosario González-Rodríguez ◽  
Tahir Albayrak ◽  
Biagio Simonetti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Travel Motivations ◽  
Tourist Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship

In spite of its importance in understanding tourist behaviour, the scientific knowledge about risk perceptions about a destination has begun to expand especially after 1960s. Especially, far more research is yet needed for exploring the role of risk on potential tourists’ travel motivations, destination image perceptions and visit intentions. This study, therefore, attempts to clarify the moderated impact of risk perception in the relationship among travel motivations, destination image and travel intentions. With this purpose, two survey studies were conducted on German tourists visiting Turkey, whereas the participants evaluated their perceptions about Spain or Greece. The results in both cases showed a high direct influence of travel motivations on destination image perception and a significant direct impact of destination image perception on travel intention. The findings also revealed that risk perception has a negative moderated effect on travel motivations, destination image and travel intention relationships.

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