Irrational Beliefs in Parenting Behaviors: Comparison of Turkish and Syrian Parents

This study aims to examine the irrational beliefs of Turkish and Syrian parents about parenting behaviors. The study was conducted with 22 mothers and eight fathers whose children are in kindergarten. Content analysis method was used for the analysis of the data acquired within the scope of the study. Four different cases were presented to the mothers and fathers in the study that they can encounter while raising their children. They were asked questions on their beliefs, emotions, and behaviors when faced with these circumstances. The first result obtained from the study findings is that the mothers made more irrational evaluations in all four scenarios than the fathers. Another finding from the study is the similarity of responses to all scenarios from Turkish and Syrian mothers. In summary, in line with the ranking of gender inequality in Turkey, fathers may have identified with a more masculine role and therefore tend not to see themselves as responsible for the care, upbringing and possible problems related to their children.

Leadership Characteristics of Female School Principals According to Female Teachers

Although the number of female teachers in schools is higher, this is not evident when looking at leadership levels. Various studies have examined this situation. In this study, the perspectives of female teachers working in private schools who are gradually raising their educational levels are discussed in depth about female head teachers. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 37 female teachers working in private schools in the Anatolian part of Istanbul. The data were analysed using content analysis, one of the qualitative analysis methods. As a result of the research, three main themes were found among the characteristics of female leaders, the competencies of female leaders, and the impact on the work environment. Under the theme of characteristics of female leaders, there are five categories: being selfish, forming problematic working relationships, being detail-obsessed, being jealous, acting emotionally; under the theme of competencies of female leaders: they lead well, their leadership skills are weak, they cannot be fair and impartial, they are not solution-oriented. The theme of the impact of female leaders on the work environment is a chaotic environment; communication is important, supportive environment.

Self-blame Regret, Fear of COVID-19 and Mental Health During Post-Peak Pandemic

The novel Coronavirus pandemic caused strong negative emotions including fear, and stress and impacted the mental health of individuals worldwide. One of the emotions linked with mental health and infectious disease is self-blame regret. Thus, the current study investigated the role of fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress in the relationship between self-blame regret and depression. As a means of such investigation, the current research was conducted based on quantitative data and the research sample was recruited via a convenient sampling method. A community sample of 352 individuals in Turkey (71 % female and 29 % males), ranged between in age 18 and 63 (M= 28.90±8.90), completed Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and responded to one item concerning the self-blame regret. Results demonstrated that self-blame regret is positively correlated with fear of COVID-19, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms. Moreover, serial multiple mediation analyses demonstrated that both fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress mediated the relationship between self-blame regret and depression. The findings showed that self-blame regret, fear of COVID-19, and perceived stress are determinants of depressive symptoms, suggesting that such factors are important in understanding these issues.

What Happened to Children with Avoidant Attachment? A Study of Social Relations-Based Behaviours of Avoidant Children from the Age of 3 to 19

The purpose of this study is to assess the social relationship-based behaviors of 19-year-old children who are in the early stages of adulthood and had an avoidant attachment style at age 6 13 years ago. Based on criterion sampling, a purposive sampling method used in qualitative research, the study group of this research was selected from children whose attachment security had been previously identified. The study was conducted with 5 girls and 5 boys with avoidant attachment styles selected from the 26 available children who participated in the 2006 study that identified the attachment patterns of 110 children. The data collection instruments of the study are the IDFSS attachment scale used in 2006 and a semi-structured interview form and a student data form used in 2019. The study concludes that children who exhibited avoidant attachment at age 6 maintained their attachment patterns. They were found to fail in perceiving academic achievement, coping with emotional problems, relationships with parents and others, and trust in others.

Examining Rater Biases of Peer Assessors in Different Assessment Environments

The current study employed many-facet Rasch measurement (MFRM) to explain the rater bias patterns of EFL student teachers (hereafter students) when they rate the teaching performance of their peers in three assessment environments: online, face-to-face, and anonymous. Twenty-four students and two instructors rated 72 micro-teachings performed by senior Turkish students. The performance was assessed using a five-category analytic rubric developed by the researchers (Lesson Presentation, Classroom Management, Communication, Material, and Instructional Feedback). MFRM revealed the severity and leniency biases in all three assessment environments at the group and individual levels, drawing attention to the less occurrence of biases anonymous assessment. The central tendency and halo effects were observed only at the individual level in all three assessment environments, and these errors were similar to each other. Semi-structured interviews with peer raters (n = 24) documented their perspectives about how the anonymous assessment affected the severity, leniency, central tendency, and halo effects. Besides, the findings displayed that hiding the identity of the peers develops the reliability and validity of the measurements performed during peer assessment.

The Effect of Fathers’ Meet-up Training on the Perception of Fatherhood Role of Fathers with Preschool Children

This study examined the effect of fathers’ perceptions of fatherhood through online meetings with fathers who have preschool children between 3-6 years of age. A total of 42 fathers (21 fathers in the experimental group and 21 fathers in the control group) took part in the study. The research design with a pretest and posttest control group was used in the research. The “Fatherhood Role Perception Scale” developed by Kuzucu (1999) was used for data collection. Within the scope of the research, online fathers meet-up training was held for the experimental group once a week throughout 11 weeks. The data were analysed using the Mann Whitney U and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test (nonparametric tests). According to the data obtained in the research, it was concluded that the online fathers’ meet-up training was significantly effective on fathers’ perceptions of the fatherhood role. The study’s findings were discussed, and suggestions were listed for future studies in the relevant literature.

Perceived Social Support as a Predictor of Teacher Candidates' Smartphone Cyberloafing

This study investigated whether teacher candidates' perceived social support (PSS) predicts smartphone use during lectures. To achieve the aim of the study, a relational survey model was used. The study sample composed of students studying at the College of Education in Elazığ Province, Turkey, during the 2019-2020 academic semester. The correlation analysis was conducted to determine the relationships among the variables, and hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to determine the predictive effects of demographic characteristics (gender and class) and PSS on smartphone cyberloafing. The results of the study revealed a significant, negative, and low relationship between PSS and smartphone cyberloafing. Social support from family negatively predicted smartphone cyberloafing during lectures, while social support from significant others positively predicted it. Finally, the family and significant other subscales significantly predicted interactive, browsing, and entertainment cyberloafing. In contrast, the friends subscale predicted only interactive cyberloafing. The belief that a sense of trust in family and needed family support in times of need could decrease smartphone cyberloafing and lead teacher candidates to focus more on teaching. Educational institutions should develop policies that involve families at every stage of education, and decisions should be made with the support of experts, institutions, or organizations on problematic issues.

Investigation of the Relationship between Reading Habits and Metacognitive Reading Strategies of Prospective Teachers

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between prospective teachers’ metacognitive reading strategies and their reading habits. The study was designed in correlation model. The sample of the study was determined by simple random sampling. The sample of the study consists of 506 prospective teachers out of which 255 are on Primary Education and 249 are on Preschool Education. In the research, Book Reading Habit Attitude Scale and Metacognitive Reading Strategies Scale were used as data collection tools. While there is no significant difference in the reading habits of the prospective teachers, there is a significant difference in the use of metacognitive strategies in favor of the female prospective teachers. The reading habits of prospective teachers and the extent to which they use metacognitive reading strategies do not differ by department and grade level. In addition, it was found that there was a moderately significant relationship between prospective teachers' use of metacognitive reading strategies and the level of reading habits.

The Effect of Psychodrama on Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Case Report

Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain syndrome that often coexists with common musculoskeletal pain, sleep disorders, bowel syndrome, mood disorders, and fatigue. Although the aetiology of FMS pain has not been elucidated yet, psychotherapy methods are used in addition to physical methods to treat these pains. This study aims to examine the effect of psychodrama on a 62-year-old patient with back and chest pain and who lived alone. This patient participated in psychodrama group psychotherapy with 8 members who were all female and diagnosed with FMS. An informed consent form was obtained from the case for the study. This research is important because there are very few studies on fibromyalgia complaints with psychodrama group therapy, and it contributes to the literature. Studying the case with past trauma and losses in the psychodrama scene has led to a significant reduction in fibromyalgia complaints. As a result, the patient's pain level decreased from 90% to 32.5%, and the anxiety level decreased from advanced to normal. Thus, psychodrama group psychotherapy was found to be effective in reducing FMS pain.

The Predictors of Work-Related Stress: Organizational Justice and Fatalism

The purpose of the current study is to understand the relationship between organizational justice and the effect of the fatalism on work related stress. Although, organizational justice has been found to be a significant predictor of the work related stress in previous studies, fatalism which can be related with work related stress and organizational justice as well, has not been studied before together. In this correlational study, organizational justice, four dimensions of fatalism and job type were considered as predictors and work-related stress was the criterion variable. In total, 100 academics and 66 support staff have participated to this study. Multiple regression analysis with backward elimination was conducted. Results indicated that organizational justice, job type and luck were significant predictors of the work-related stress. While an increase on organizational justice perceptions lowers the work-related stress, luck and work-related stress seem increasing together. Additionally, academic personnel have higher stress levels than support staff. However, superstition, personal control, and predetermination dimensions of the fatalism were not found to be significantly associated with work related stress. Policy improvements were offered in line with the findings and recommendations for future studies were prescribed in discussion.