Request for euthanasia in the suicide note of a planned suicide

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-99
Author(s):  
Jatin Bodwal ◽  
Asit Kumar Sikary ◽  
Mohit Chauhan ◽  
Chittaranjan Behera
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative State ◽  
Suicide Victim ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Suicide Note ◽  
Commit Suicide

This case is of a suicide victim who purchased various drugs online using forged prescriptions after detailed research about the drugs to commit suicide. He left a suicide note giving details of his suicide methods and the reasons for it. He also denied any treatment and asked for euthanasia if he survived and remained in a vegetative state.

scholarly journals Factores predisponentes y métodos de suicidio: Mini-revisión de la actualidad

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Santiago Andrés Muñoz Palomeque ◽  
Luis Enrique Peralta Castro ◽  
Raúl David Vera Pulla ◽  
María Eduarda Clavijo Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Housing Situation ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Commit Suicide ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Suicide is a major global public health problem, especially among young and middle-aged adults. According to the WHO, worldwide, approximately 800 000 people commit suicide every year. Some predisposing factors for suicide are related to the personal sphere and are universal, such as biological conditions or psychiatric pathology, childhood adversities, as well as social and community perspective: housing situation, religion, social integration and support, unemployment, stress. The highest frequencies of occurrence have been found in males and in the age groups between 15 and 25 years, or over 65 years. Regarding suicide methods, there is a predilection for hanging in most countries, and although suicide methods do not differ much from one country to another, it should be considered that they vary according to the access to lethal methods. Men are reported to commit suicide more frequently using violent methods. A greater recognition of the risk factors and suicide methods used is necessary to raise awarenes among the population and prevention.

scholarly journals SUICIDES IN LITHUANIA: RATES, METHODS AND DISTRIBUTION BY AGE, GENDER AND SETTLEMENT, 2012-2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 839-845
Author(s):  
Diana Vasiljevaitė ◽  
Jurgita Stasiūnienė ◽  
Sigitas Laima ◽  
Sigitas Chmieliauskas ◽  
Dmitrij Fomin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The Given ◽  
Methods Of Suicide ◽  
Commit Suicide

INTRODUCTION: According to the World Health Organisation regarding suicide rate, Lithuania was on the top in 2016 with 31.9 suicide events per 100 000 people of the population. This research was aimed at analysing the situation including methods of suicide and its distribution between different age, gender and settlement groups in Lithuania. METHODS: 4610 particular suicide cases were found and analysed from the given retrospectively collected data by the Hygiene Institute’s Register of Death Causes in Lithuania from 2012 till 2016. These cases have been categorised into age (10-19 years old, 20-69 years old and >70 years old), gender and settlement groups. Chi-squared and Fisher tests were used to analyse the associations between the suicide methods used, sex, as well as age. A significance level of p<0.05 was used. RESULTS: In total, 4610 suicide cases were registered in Lithuania in 2012-2016. People aged 20-69 years had the biggest proportion with 80%, followed by 16% for people older than 70 and 4% people aged 10-19. 82% of all cases were men. The most common method of suicides in all age groups was hanging, self-strangulation and self-suffocation; 92%. There is no statistical significant difference in methods used by the 10-19 years old group and above 20 years of age (20-70+).A difference was found between the groups under 70 years and above 70 years old. Moreover, the following difference was found between their genders (p=0.0002). In terms of using drugs and biological substances, women (54.24%) are more likely to commit suicide through these means than men in all age groups, while 100% of suicide methods by gas, steam or solvents were used by men. Though slightly more suicides were registered in cities, there was no statistically significant difference between people living in cities and in villages. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the fact that incidences of suicides are gradually decreasing every year, the situation is not yet satisfactory. The pattern almost has not changed for years – the most inclinable person to commit suicide is a 50-59 years old man living in a city and the most used method is still hanging.

A Study of the Characteristics of Suicide Notes in China

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Li ◽  
Xuesong Lu ◽  
Paul S. F. Yip
Keyword(s):  
High Education ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Suicide Notes ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Suicide Note

Abstract. Background: Suicide notes in China are rarely studied and seldom available. Aims: This study examines the characteristics of suicide note leavers and analyzes the contents of their suicide notes for the period of 2004–2016 in Pudong, Shanghai, which has more than 5.5 million inhabitants. Method: The characteristics of the note leavers ( n = 458) and those who left no notes ( n = 1949) were compared. Four major groupings of the suicide note content were identified, namely, addressees, mandates/requests, expressions, and difficulties. Results: Only 19.0% of the deceased left suicide notes and they were characterized by having no diagnosed psychiatric illnesses, being in debt, having a high education level, having made no previous suicide attempts, and having used suicide methods that required preparation. Wanting to hide their suicide information was not uncommon for these individuals (9.7%). Adolescents were likely to mention a negative interpersonal relationship with someone (27.4%). Illnesses/pain was frequently mentioned by adults (33.4%) and older people (61.5%). Limitations: Many features of suicide notes, e.g., interpersonal features of suicides, were not examined. Conclusion: Education level might be a key factor influencing the likelihood of leaving suicide notes. Most people who left suicide notes showed a negative attitude toward suicidal behavior. The myth of an afterlife should also be addressed.

Preliminary Findings of Noncompliance with Psychotropic Medication and Prevalence of Methamphetamine Intoxication Associated with Suicide Completion

Crisis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Callor ◽  
Everett Petersen ◽  
Douglas Gray ◽  
Todd Grey ◽  
Terry Lamoreaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Medical Examiner ◽  
Precipitating Factors ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Suicide Completers ◽  
Commit Suicide

Abstract. Objective: A study of medical examiner records from suicide completers was designed to identify potential precipitating factors in the decision to commit suicide. Methods: Forensic data has been collected for a subset of suicide victims in Utah who completed suicide between 1996 and 2002. Results: Youth suicide completers appear to be undiagnosed for mental illness, or to be noncompliant with psychotropic medications. Along with treatment issues, alcohol and methamphetamine were the most common substances found in the blood and/or urine of suicide completers. Conclusions: Accurate diagnosis of mental illness, and improved compliance with psychotropic medications may play a critical role in suicide prevention. The prevalence of methamphetamine in suicide completers is unexpectedly high and requires further investigation.

Attitudes toward Suicide among South African Secondary School Pupils

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1259-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Peltzer ◽  
Varghese I. Cherian ◽  
Lily Cherian
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
South African ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Attitudes Towards Suicide ◽  
Attitudes Toward Suicide ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Commit Suicide ◽  
Secondary School Pupils

This study investigated attitudes towards suicide among 622 Standard 9 (U.S. Grade 11) secondary school pupils chosen at random from schools throughout the Northern Province in South Africa. The pupils were 254 (41%) boys and 368 (59%) girls in the age range of 17 to 24 years, with a mean age of 19.3 yr. A questionnaire was administered to obtain data on attitudes and other measures. There were 31 (17%) parasuicidal boys and 34 (13%) girls. Major intentions or reasons to commit suicide mentioned were “failing to solve problems” and “mental illness.” Most frequent possible suicide methods were firearms, pills, or poison. Significant associations were found with having a friend or relative who committed suicide, parasuicide (oneself), depression, stress events, ethnicity, and attitudes towards suicide.

Factors Affecting the Acceptability of Suicide

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Deluty
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cancer ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Suicide Victim ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Attitudes Toward Suicide ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Commit Suicide

The present study examined whether attitudes toward suicide vary as a function of the age and gender of the suicide victim, the gender of the evaluator, and the type of illness that precipitates the suicide. The participants in the study were 780 college students who were administered a questionnaire consisting of one of twelve scenarios describing a fictitious individual who has decided to commit suicide, as well as a series of evaluative scales and questions about the individual and his/her decision. The scenarios varied in terms of the age of the victim (i.e., forty-five vs. seventy), the gender of the victim, and the precipitating illness (i.e., chronic depression, chronic physical pain, or terminal bone cancer). Evaluations of suicide tended to be significantly more favorable when the evaluators were male, when male victims were being judged, when elderly victims were being evaluated, or when terminal cancer was the precipitating illness.

Oncogenesis and the Lucké Virus

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
A. E. Vatter ◽  
J. Zambernard
Keyword(s):  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Oncogenic Viruses ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Leopard Frogs ◽  
Renal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Induced Tumors ◽  
Northern Leopard Frogs

Oncogenic viruses, like viruses in general, can be divided into two classes, those that contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and those that contain ribonucleic acid (RNA). The RNA viruses have been recovered readily from the tumors which they cause whereas, the DNA-virus induced tumors have not yielded the virus. Since DNA viruses cannot be recovered, the bulk of present day investigations have been concerned with RNA viruses.The Lucké renal adenocarcinoma is a spontaneous tumor which occurs in northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) and has received increased attention in recent years because of its probable viral etiology. This hypothesis was first advanced by Lucké after he observed intranuclear inclusions in some of the tumor cells. Tumors with inclusions were examined at the fine structural level by Fawcett who showed that they contained immature and mature virus˗like particles.The use of this system in the study of oncogenic tumors offers several unique features, the virus has been shown to contain DNA and it can be recovered from the tumor, also, it is temperature sensitive. This latter feature is of importance because the virus can be transformed from a latent to a vegetative state by lowering or elevating the environmental temperature.

Confronting the grey zone after severe brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Peterson ◽  
Adrian M. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Severe Brain Injury ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Legal Decision Making ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Brain

In recent years, rapid technological developments in the field of neuroimaging have provided several new methods for revealing thoughts, actions and intentions based solely on the pattern of activity that is observed in the brain. In specialized centres, these methods are now being employed routinely to assess residual cognition, detect consciousness and even communicate with some behaviorally non-responsive patients who clinically appear to be comatose or in a vegetative state. In this article, we consider some of the ethical issues raised by these developments and the profound implications they have for clinical care, diagnosis, prognosis and medical-legal decision-making after severe brain injury.

Quick Consult: Quick Consult: Acromioplasty

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Keyword(s):  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Outcome Assessment ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Ordinal Scales ◽  
Probability Of Death ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Assessment Scales

Abstract Different jurisdictions use the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) for different purposes, and this article reviews a specific jurisdictional definition in the Province of Ontario of catastrophic impairment that incorporates the AMA Guides. In Ontario, a whole person impairment (WPI) exceeding 54% or a mental or behavioral impairment of Class 4 or 5 qualifies the individual for catastrophic benefits, and individuals who do not meet the test receive a lesser benefit. By inference, this establishes a parity threshold among dissimilar injuries and dissimilar outcome assessment scales for benefits. In Ontario, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) identifies patients who have a high probability of death or of severely disabled survival. The GCS recognizes gradations of vegetative state and disability, but translating the gradations for rating individual impairment on ordinal scales into a method of assessing percentage impairments cannot be done reliably, as explained in the AMA Guides, Fifth Edition. The AMA Guides also notes that mental and behavioral impairment in Class 4 (marked impairment) or 5 (extreme impairment) indicates “catastrophic impairment” by significantly impeding useful functioning (Class 4) or significantly impeding useful functioning and implying complete dependency on another person for care (Class 5). Translating the AMA Guides guidelines into ordinal scales cannot be done reliably.

Persistent vegetative state in head injury

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Deepak Kumar Gupta ◽  
AK Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Persistent Vegetative State
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