Análise do Impacto das Campanhas Educativas na Temática do Suicídio Sobre os Acadêmicos dos Cursos de Medicina, Psicologia e Licenciaturas

ResumoO presente trabalho é produto de uma pesquisa quantitativa descritiva, tendo acadêmicos de Medicina, Psicologia, Pedagogia, Serviço Social e Matemática, de uma única Instituição de Ensino Superior, como participantes. O tema abordado foi sobre as campanhas educativas que orientam sobre o trato com pessoas com tendência suicida. A escolha desses cursos ocorreu pelo fato de prepararem profissionais para tratarem diretamente com pessoas de diversas idades e classes sociais. A proposta foi feita por um acadêmico de Medicina e conduzida por ele em parceria com uma colega de turma e um mestrando. O objetivo foi avaliar o impacto de uma campanha educativa. Foram abordados, direta e indiretamente, 136 acadêmico(a)s por meio de um formulário, com 16 questões, elaborado no Google forms. Para os acadêmicos de Medicina, que já estavam no internato, foi enviado o link pelo celular e, para os demais, foi entregue impresso enquanto estavam em sala de aula. O acesso foi reduzido por causa do COVID19 que limitou o contato. Os resultados apontam que, até o momento, a campanha ainda não produziu os resultados esperados e que o enfoque deve ser na orientação de como agir, com indicações de locais para os quais poderão encaminhar, e não apenas na informação sobre o comportamento da pessoa. Palavras-chave: Comportamento Suicida. Sofrimento do Suicida. Trato com o Suicida. AbstractThe present work is the product of a quantitative descriptive research with students from Medicine, Psychology, Pedagogy, Social Work and Mathematics, from a single institution of higher education, as participants. The topic approached was about the educational campaigns that guide about dealing with people with a suicidal tendency. The choice of these courses was because they prepare professionals to deal directly with people of different ages and social classes. The proposal was done by a medicine school student and conducted by him or her in partnership with a classmate and a master's student. The main objective was to evaluate the impact of an educational campaign. 136 students were addressed directly and indirectly through a form, with 16 questions, elaborated in Google forms. For medicine school students, who were already in internship, the link was sent by cell phone and, for the others, it was handed out printed while they were in class. Access was reduced because of COVID19, which limited contact. The results show that, so far, the campaign has not produced the expected results yet and that the focus should be on orienting how to act, with indications of where they can go, and not just on information about the person's behavior. Keywords: Suicidal Behavior. Suffering of the Suicide Victim. Dealing with the Suicide Victim

Suicide prevention and media reporting: an evaluative study from Chandigarh

Background: Responsible reporting represent an evidence-based population-level strategy for suicide prevention.Methods: The present investigation aimed to evaluate the print media news items in leading newspapers from Chandigarh between January 2015 to December 2016 in terms of compliance to desirable media reporting guidelines issued collaboratively by WHO and International Association of Suicide Prevention.Results: A total of 284 news item from English and Hindi newspapers were evaluated for compliance using a 12 item checklist. The data was analysed for frequency in terms of compliance to each item of checklist. The compliance was also compared in English and Hindi news papers. 92% of the news items failed to educate public on the complex issue of suicide and related mental illness. 60% news items portrayed it in a sensationalizing way. 98.5% news items revealed the identity of the suicide victim, much in contradiction to what guidelines promote.Conclusions: There is overall poor compliance to media reporting guidelines. The present study highlights a strong need for a country like India to develop and implement media reporting guidelines at a policy level.

Rural Folks Perception of Suicide Drivers in rural communities of Delta State, Nigeria: Implications for Societal and Agricultural Security

The study examined rural folks’ perception of suicide drivers in rural communities of Delta state, Nigeria and the resultant implications for societal and agricultural security. The objectives of the study are to: describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, ascertain the perceived suicide rates in rural households; identify the main causes (or drivers) of suicide in rural communities, ascertain the means of committing suicide, and determine respondents’ perception of the effect of suicide on agricultural production and their families. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used in composing 351 respondents who furnished information on suicide situation in the study area. Results indicated some cases of suicide in the area; several perceived suicide drivers were identified by the respondents, and the respondents identified some perceived deleterious effects of suicide as illness among family members, depression of surviving members, loss of income and output of agricultural production and scattering of family of suicide victim. Logistic regression of relationship between perceived social economic characteristics and suicidal death indicated that marital status, education, family size, family income, membership of association and extension contact were significant in preventing suicide. From the findings, it was recommended that all stakeholders including the government, private sector, religion organizations, health and welfare institutions, rural communities, and individuals have crucial role to play in curbing suicidal deaths in rural communities.

Descripción anátomo-funcional de un suicidio por consumo adictivo de inhalables, estudio de caso post-mortem

Introduction: the evidence mentions that the abuse of inhalants can cause alterations in the reuptake of dopamine, fundamentally in the mesolimbic system, the responsible structure of reward system and consequently of the addiction. Objective: the objective of the research was to investigate the relationship between the consumption of inhalants and suicide, through a retrospective post-mortem analysis. Method: the method used was a case study, with a qualitative approach of descriptive design, evaluated through the use of psychological autopsy and an in-depth interview, of the particular case of a suicide victim by hanging, of a 20-year-old male, consumer of inhalants. Results: thus, neuroanatomical alterations in the prefrontal cortex (ventromedial and orbitolateral), anterior cingulate cortex, basolateral nucleus of the amygdala, subthalamic nucleus and nucleus accumbens were verified, which, probably, could have had some influence on their suicidal behavior. Discussion and conclusion: altered structures directly and indirectly affect the mesolimbic system, and are related to low tolerance to failure, persistence in actions aimed at minimizing the results of social behaviors, ideation and magical thoughts in relation to their religious beliefs, and verbal disinhibition, which, probably, may have influenced on his suicidal behavior.

Samobójcy w twórczości Fiodora Dostojewskiego — próba typologii

Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s suicide victims — an attempt towards atypologyAnatural death is arare phenomenon in Dostoyevsky’s works — he hardly ever refers to it. Yet, suicides and attempted suicides are the core topics in all his works along with murders, mental illnesses and various aberrations he seems to be obsessed with. The present article is an attempt towards atypology of Dostoyevsky’s suicide victims. The following five categories of suicides have been identified and described: egoistic suicide victim, fatalistic suicide victim, ‘calculated’ suicide victim, escapist suicide victim and spiritual suicide victim.Самоубийцы в творчестве Фёдора Достоевского — попытка типологииФёдор Достоевский редко в своём творчестве изображает естественную смерть, он едва её фиксирует. Зато самоубийства и попытки самоубийства плотно заполняют мир про­изведений писателя, создавая — наряду с убийствами, психическими болезнями ивсяки­ми отклонениями от нормального состояния — стержень его обсессивных тем. Настоящая статья является попыткой классификации самоубийц в творчестве Достоевского. Выде­лены и охарактеризованы пять типов самоубийц: самоубийца балансово-эгоистический, самоубийца логический, самоубийца фаталистический, самоубийца эскапический и само­убийца духовный.

Request for euthanasia in the suicide note of a planned suicide

This case is of a suicide victim who purchased various drugs online using forged prescriptions after detailed research about the drugs to commit suicide. He left a suicide note giving details of his suicide methods and the reasons for it. He also denied any treatment and asked for euthanasia if he survived and remained in a vegetative state.

Nutrition

Chapter 1 (“Nutrition”) features works of art depicting patients with nutritional disorders. Examples of both overnutrition and undernutrition are included. The final work considered is one by Johann J. Hasselhorst, titled Dissection of a Young Woman, in which an 18-year-old suicide victim is being dissected by a male surgeon to determine the ideal measurements of the female form. Her ideal from is contrasted earlier in the chapter with that of subjects, such as the Venus of Willendorf (a Paleolithic statuette discovered in the village of Willendorf, Austria in 1908 C.E.), with various forms of morbid obesity, and others, such as the Starving Buddha (a 2nd century B.C.E. bronze statue located in the Lahore Museum), that depict Kwashiorkor, cretinism, scurvy, pellagra, and other ravages of undernutrition.