Linkages of Multi-Dimensional Vulnerabilities with Infant and Child Mortality Rates in India and Its Specific Regions: Are Social Determinants of Health still Relevant?

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282199770
Author(s):  
Prem Shankar Mishra ◽  
Debashree Sinha ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Shobhit Srivastava ◽  
T. S. Syamala
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Effective Sample Size ◽  
Predicted Probability ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
National Family

The present study investigated linkages between multiple socio-economic vulnerabilities with infant and child mortality in India and its specific regions. Data from the National Family Health Survey (2015–16) was used for calculating the key-outcome variables, namely infant mortality and child mortality. The effective sample size for the study was 259,627. Bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were employed to examine three dimensions of vulnerabilities such as education, wealth, and caste on infant and child mortality. Children born to women with multiple-vulnerabilities were more likely to die than those born to non-vulnerable women. Women who were vulnerable in all the three-dimensions were more likely to have their children die as infants than those who were not vulnerable in any dimensions (predicted probabilities; 0.054 vs 0.026). The predicted probability for child mortality was 0.063 for women who were vulnerable and 0.028 for non-vulnerable women.

scholarly journals Anaemia among mother-father-child pairs in India: examining co-existence of triple burden of anaemia in a family

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Shekhar Chauhan ◽  
Ratna Patel ◽  
Shobhit Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Effective Sample Size ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Family Level

Abstract Background Anaemia is a global health concern and is also a common comorbidity in multiple medical conditions. Very limited research is available examining anaemia among family members in India and across various countries. The present study aimed to examine the co-existence of the triple burden of anaemia among mother-father-child pairs in a family. Methods The data utilized was from the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–16. The effective sample size for the study was 26,910 couples, along with children aged 6–59 months. The bivariate and binary logistic regression analysis were applied to assess the factors associated with family-level anaemia. In bivariate analysis, a chi-square test was performed to determine the association of socio-demographic factors with anaemic family. Results More than half of the mothers (57.5%) and their children (58%), along with 10% of fathers, were found to be anaemic; however, the co-existence of triple burden of anaemia among mother-father-child pairs was 4.7% in the study. The likelihood of family-level anaemia was low when both the parents were educated [OR: 0.69, CI: 0.58–0.81], and it was high when both the parents were employed [OR: 1.40 CI: 1.10–1.80]. Families from the Scheduled Tribe had a 62% higher likelihood to suffer from anaemia [OR: 1.62, CI: 1.33–1.97]. Conclusions The suggested interventions include early diagnosis, effective management, and treatment of anaemia. Moreover, adequate complementary feeding practices for children shall also be promoted. Parental education on nutrition is also required, and community interventions are needed to improve parental education on nutrition. At last, there is a need for greater policy and program attention to improving nutritional knowledge among mothers so as to tackle the triple burden of anaemia among mother-father-child pairs.

scholarly journals Population attributable risk for multimorbidity among adult women in India: Do smoking tobacco, chewing tobacco and consuming alcohol make a difference?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259578
Author(s):  
Vivek K. Mishra ◽  
Shobhit Srivastava ◽  
Muhammad T. ◽  
P. V. Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Effective Sample Size ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Smoke Tobacco

Background The present study aims to estimate the prevalence and correlates of multimorbidity among women aged 15–49 years in India. Additionally, the population attributable risk for multi-morbidity in reference to those women who smoke tobacco, chew tobacco, and consume alcohol is estimated. Methods The data was derived from the National Family Health Survey which was conducted in 2015–16. The effective sample size for the present paper 699,686 women aged 15–49 years in India. Descriptive statistics along with bivariate analysis were used to do the preliminary analysis. Additionally, binary logistic regression analysis was used to fulfil the objectives. Results About 1.6% of women had multimorbidity in India. The prevalence of multimorbidity was high among women from southern region of India. Women who smoke tobacco, chew tobacco and consume alcohol had 87% [AOR: 1.87CI: 1.65, 2.10], 18% [AOR: 1.18; CI: 1.10, 1.26] and 18% [AOR: 1.18; CI: 1.04, 1.33] significantly higher likelihood to suffer from multi-morbidity than their counterparts respectively. Population Attributable Risk for women who smoke tobacco was 1.2% (p<0.001), chew tobacco was 0.2% (p<0.001) and it was 0.2% (p<0.001) among women who consumed alcohol. Conclusion The findings indicate the important role of lifestyle and behavioural factors such as smoking and chewing tobacco and consuming alcohol in the prevalence of multimorbidity among adult Indian women. The subgroups identified as at increased risk in the present study can be targeted while making policies and health decisions and appropriate comorbidity management can be implemented.

scholarly journals The association of widowhood and living alone with depression among older adults in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobhit Srivastava ◽  
Paramita Debnath ◽  
Neha Shri ◽  
T. Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Effective Sample Size ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractWidowhood is a catastrophic event at any stage of life for the surviving partner particularly in old age, with serious repercussions on their physical, economic, and emotional well-being. This study investigates the association of marital status and living arrangement with depression among older adults. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate the effects of factors such as socio-economic conditions and other health problems contributing to the risk of depression among older adults in India. This study utilizes data from the nationally representative Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI-2017–18). The effective sample size was 30,639 older adults aged 60 years and above. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis have been performed to determine the prevalence of depression. Further, binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to study the association between marital status and living arrangement on depression among older adults in India. Overall, around nine percent of the older adults suffered from depression. 10.3% of the widowed (currently married: 7.8%) and 13.6% of the older adults who were living alone suffered from depression. Further, 8.4% of the respondents who were co-residing with someone were suffering from depression. Widowed older adults were 34% more likely to be depressed than currently married counterparts [AOR: 1.34, CI 1.2–1.49]. Similarly, respondents who lived alone were 16% more likely to be depressed compared to their counterparts [AOR: 1.16; CI 1.02, 1.40]. Older adults who were widowed and living alone were 56% more likely to suffer from depression [AOR: 1.56; CI 1.28, 1.91] in reference to older adults who were currently married and co-residing. The study shows vulnerability of widowed older adults who are living alone and among those who had lack of socio-economic resources and face poor health status. The study can be used to target outreach programs and service delivery for the older adults who are living alone or widowed and suffering from depression.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Vision Impairment and Its Association With Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults in India: An Epidemiological Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad T ◽  
Drishti Drishti ◽  
Shobhit Srivast
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Effective Sample Size ◽  
Older Individuals

Abstract BackgroundLike other major chronic diseases, vision impairment is an independently associated risk factor of cognitive decline among older individuals. We in this study, aim to investigate what are the predictors of vision impairment in old age and how impaired vision is associated with cognitive impairment among the aging population.MethodsThe present research used data from Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India. The effective sample size for the present study was 9541 older adults. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis was used to find the preliminary results. Further, binary logistic regression analysis was been done to fulfil the objective of the study.ResultsAbout 6 in every 10 older adults had a problem of vision impairment. Further, nearly 60% of older adults had cognitive impairment in India. Diabetes [OR: 1.55, CI: 1.32-1.81], hypertension [OR: 1.60, CI: 1.42-1.80], heart disease [OR: 1.43, CI: 1.16-1.76] and cataract [OR: 5.97, CI: 4.83-7.38] were the risk factors for vision impairment among older adults. It was revealed that the older adults who had vision impairment were 11% significantly more likely to have cognitive impairment when compared with the older adults who do not suffer from vision impairment [OR: 1.11, CI: 1.01-1.23]. Low psychological health [OR: 1.55; CI: 1.36, 1.77], low ADL [OR: 1.80; CI: 1.43, 2.27], low IADL [OR: 1.26; CI: 1.14, 1.40], poor self-rated health [OR: 1.28; CI: 1.15-1.41] and chronic morbidity [OR: 1.27; CI: 1.14, 1.41] were the significant factors for cognitive impairment among older adults in IndiaConclusionsAdditional efforts in terms of advocacy, availability, affordability, and accessibility especially in a country with a greater illiteracy rate are mandatory to increase the reach of eye-care services and reduce the prevalence of avoidable visual impairment and vision losses that lead to cognitive deficits among the older population.

scholarly journals Trends, patterns and predictive factors of infant and child mortality in well-performing and underperforming states of India: a secondary analysis using National Family Health Surveys

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e023875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrigesh Bhatia ◽  
Laxmi Kant Dwivedi ◽  
Mukesh Ranjan ◽  
Priyanka Dixit ◽  
Venkata Putcha
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
National Level ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
National Family ◽  
Huge Variation

ObjectivesThis paper analyses the patterns and trends in the mortality rates of infants and children under the age of 5 in India (1992–2016) and quantifies the variation in performance between different geographical states through three rounds of nationally representative household surveys.DesignThree rounds of cross-sectional survey data.SettingThe study is conducted at the national level: India and its selected good-performing states, namely Haryana, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab and Tamil Nadu, and selected poor-performing states, namely Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.ParticipantsAdopting a multistage, stratified random sampling, 601 509 households with 699 686 women aged 15–49 years in 2015–2016, 109 041 households with 124 385 women aged 15–49 years in 2005–2006, and 88 562 households with 89 777 ever married women in the age group 13–49 years in 1992–1993 were selected.ResultsThrough the use of maps, this paper clearly shows that the overall trend in infant and child mortality is on a decline in India. Computation of relative change shows that majority of the states have witnessed over 50% reduction in both infant and under-5 mortality rates from National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-I to NFHS-4. However, the improvements are not evenly distributed, and there is huge variation in performance between states over time. Funnel plots show that the most populous states like Uttar Pradesh Bihar and Madhya Pradesh have underperformed consistently across the survey period from 1992 to 2016. Regression analysis comparing high-performing and low-performing states revealed that female infants and women with shorter birth intervals had greater risk of infant deaths in poor-performing states.ConclusionAttempts to reduce infant and child mortality rates in India are heading in the right direction. Even so, there is huge variation in performance between states. This paper recommends a mix of strategies that reduce child and infant mortality among the high-impact states where the biggest improvements can be expected, including the need to address neonatal mortality.

Prevalence and risk factors of anaemia among men: A study based on Empowered Action Group states, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602098234
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Himani Sharma ◽  
Kamalesh Kumar Patel
Keyword(s):  
Family Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Action Group ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Government ◽  
Eag States

Background: Despite various programmes initiated by the Government of India, the nutritional indicators are not encouraging, as several problems like undernutrition, malnutrition and anaemia – still persist in the country, especially in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. Aim: Because of the dearth of studies regarding anaemia among men in India, the present study aimed to determine its prevalence in this population in the EAG states and to analyse its geographical and socio-demographic determinants. Methods: The study utilized nationally representative, cross-sectional survey data from round 4 of the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–16. Bivariate analysis along with binary logistic regression were performed to assess the predictors of anaemia among men in the EAG states. Results: Around a quarter of the men in the EAG states suffered from anaemia. A similar high-prevalence pattern was observed across the EAG states. Wherein, Bihar and Jharkhand had the highest prevalence of anaemia while Uttarakhand showed the lowest. Age, place of residence, marital status and caste were positively associated with the likelihood of anaemia among men in the EAG states. Conclusions: Focusing on the EAG states, this study considered the severity of anaemia as a public health problem among men. Strategies to reduce the burden of anaemia among this population are needed. The government should formulate programmes targeting anaemia specifically, and improving the nutritional status among men in general in the EAG states.

Deciphering Links Between Sexual Violence and Castes in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 2455328X2110325
Author(s):  
Yogendra Musahar
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Explanatory Variables

The recent incident, the gang rape and murder of a 19-year-old woman in Hathras, a small village in Uttar Pradesh of India, once again sparks a debate on links between sexual violence and castes in India. This article aims to examine the links between sexual violence and castes in India. This study utilizes the national representative National Family Health Survey 4 (NFHS-4, 2015–16) data. A bivariate analysis was carried out to analyse the data. A binary logistic regression model was applied to predict the effect of explanatory variables, viz. type of place of residence, years of schooling complete, economic status in terms of wealth index and finally castes on predicted variable, i.e. sexual violence. The binary regression model indicates that there were links between sexual violence and castes. For secured and dignified life of women, caste-based sexual violence must be annihilated.

scholarly journals Explaining Sex Differentials in Child Mortality in India: Trends and Determinants

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant Kuntla ◽  
Srinivas Goli ◽  
Kshipra Jain
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Female Child ◽  
National Family Health Survey ◽  
Sex Differentials ◽  
National Family ◽  
Decomposition Models ◽  
Mother’S Age

This study has twofold objectives: (1) to investigate the progress in sex differentials in child mortality in India in terms of within and between group changes and (2) to identify the factors explaining the sex differentials in child mortality and quantify their relative contributions. We have used three rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data, 1992 to 2006. Life table approach and Pyatt and Oaxaca decomposition models were used as methods of analyses. The results revealed that though sex differential in child mortality is still high in India, it declined during 1992 to 2006 (Gini index from 0.36 to 0.24). This decline was primarily led by a change in within inequality of female child mortality (Gini index from 0.18 to 0.14). Among the selected predictors, breastfeeding (40%), birth order (24%), antenatal care (9%), and mother’s age (7%) emerged as critical contributors for the excess female child mortality in India. From the findings of this study, we suggest that any efforts to do away with gender differences in child survival should focus more on within female child disparity across different population subgroups alongside male-female disparity. Implications are advanced.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document