Setting, Age, and Intensity Influence Responses to Exercise in Young Endurance Runners

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-554
Author(s):  
Alexander H. Reich ◽  
Elizabeth J. Queathem
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Endurance Runners

We investigated the effects of exercise setting (indoor treadmill vs. outdoor trail), age (17 middle school, 18 high school, and 13 college participants), and level of exertion (Borg Ratings of Perceived Exertion of 10, 12, and 16 on a 22-point scale) on young male endurance runners’ heart rate (HR), running speed, attentive focus, and affect. Three-way analyses of variance revealed that on the outdoor trail (vs. indoor treadmill), HR and speed were higher ( p < .001) and attentive focus was more dissociative ( p = .047). There were significant Age × Setting interactions for HR ( p = .047), speed ( p = .023), and attentive focus ( p = .002), with older participants exhibiting a greater increase in speed and HR and a greater shift toward dissociative focus on the outdoor trail. Three-way analyses of variance also yielded significant Age × Time interactions on components of the Physical Activity Affect Scale in that younger participants exhibited larger declines in positive affect ( p = .003) and tranquility ( p < .001) and larger increases in fatigue ( p < .001) as a result of the running session. Our data suggest that either runners develop more positive responses to exercise as they mature or those young runners who experience running more negatively tend to drop out of running so that the remaining older participants continuing to run are those who experience exercise positively.

Submaximal Markers of Fatigue and Overreaching; Implications for Monitoring Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (09) ◽  
pp. 675-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Siegl ◽  
Elisa M. Kösel ◽  
Nicholas Tam ◽  
Susanne Koschnick ◽  
Nelleke Langerak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Early Symptoms ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Trained Runners

AbstractThe regular monitoring of athletes is important to fine-tune training and detect early symptoms of overreaching. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine if a noninvasive submaximal running test could reflect a state of overreaching. 14 trained runners completed a noninvasive Lamberts Submaximal Running Test, one week before and 2 days after finishing an ultramarathon, and delayed onset of muscle soreness and the daily analysis of life demands for athletes questionnaire were also captured. After the ultramarathon, submaximal heart rate was lower at 70% (−3 beats) and 85% of peak treadmill running speed (P<0.01). Ratings of perceived exertion were higher at 60% (2 units) and 85% (one unit) of peak treadmill running speed, while 60-second heart rate recovery was significantly faster (7 beats, P<0.001). Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness scores and the number of symptoms of stress (Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes) were also higher after the ultramarathon (P<0.01). The current study shows that the Lamberts Submaximal Running Test is able to reflect early symptoms of overreaching. Responses to acute fatigue and overreaching were characterized by counterintuitive responses, such as lower submaximal heart rates and faster heart rate recovery, while ratings of perceived exertion were higher.

scholarly journals Physical activity levels in Portuguese high school physical education

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Francisco Filipe Marmeleira ◽  
Nuno Micael Carrasqueira Aldeias ◽  
Pedro Miguel dos Santos Medeira da Graça
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Task Goal ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the physical activity (PA) levels of high school Portuguese students during physical education (PE) and investigate the association of PA levels with students’ goal orientation and intrinsic motivation. Forty-six students from three high schools participated. Heart rate telemetry and pedometry were used to assess PA and the Borg rate of perceived exertion scale was used to measure perceived exertion. Thirty PE lessons were monitored. The results indicated that high school PE lessons involve low levels of PA. Students engaged in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) only in about one-third (29.7 minutes) of the official PE scheduled time (90 minutes) and perceived exertion as light. In general, students seemed to be positively motivated toward PE and mainly task goal orientated. Boys felt more enjoyment/interest and perceived their competence in more positive ways than girls. The number of steps and the rate of perceived exertion were associated with levels of PA measured by heart rate telemetry. Intrinsic motivation and goal orientation were not related with MVPA.

Perceptual Responses to Deep Water Running and Treadmill Exercise

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley P. Brown ◽  
Linda F. Chitwood ◽  
Kim R. Beason ◽  
Deena R. McLemore
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Discrete Variables ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Deep Water Running

Perceived exertion during deep water running and treadmill exercise was measured to examine gender and mode-specific responses. Deep water running to VO2 peak was performed in 3-min. stages at leg speeds controlled by a metronome. Treadmill exercise was performed at matched leg speeds. VO2 and heart rate were continuously monitored by open circuit spirometry and radiotelemetry. Perceived exertion was measured using Borg's 6–20 point scale. Statistical analyses were performed using multiple linear regression with dummy coded discrete variables. Ratings of perceived exertion were significantly higher during deep water running when exercising at equal leg speeds. Mean rated perceived exertion at each stage of the test for either exercise mode was not significantly different between men and women.

scholarly journals Effect of Coach Encouragement on the Psychophysiological and Performance Responses of Young Tennis Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulent Kilit ◽  
Ersan Arslan ◽  
Firat Akca ◽  
Dicle Aras ◽  
Yusuf Soylu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Monitoring Devices ◽  
Activity Enjoyment

This study aimed to compare the effects of coach encouragement during the on-court tennis training drills (OTDs) on the psychophysiological and performance responses of young tennis players. Twenty-five young male tennis players (14.0 ± 0.3 years of age) performed six bouts of each of the four common OTDs; Star, Suicide, Box and Big X (30:60 s; 1:2 work to rest ratio). The heart rate (HR) and total distance covered were monitored using two portable multivariable integrated 10 Hz GPS monitoring devices during all OTDs, and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE-10) and short form Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) values were determined after each OTDs bout. The results demonstrated that OTDs with coach encouragement induced significantly higher psychophysiological and performance responses compared to OTDs without coach encouragement (p < 0.05). The results of this study confirm that coach encouragement improves the intensity, performance and physical enjoyment level during OTDs. These findings might inform training practices in youth tennis players in order to improve tennis performance.

scholarly journals The Effects of Heart Rate Monitoring on Ratings of Perceived Exertion and Attention Allocation in Individuals of Varying Fitness Levels

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Braun-Trocchio ◽  
Ashlynn Williams ◽  
Kaitlyn Harrison ◽  
Elizabeth Warfield ◽  
Jessica Renteria
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Activity Trackers ◽  
Fitness Levels

There has been a rapid increase in the use of wearable technology-based physical activity trackers. Most of these physical activity trackers include tracking and displaying the individual's heart rate (HR). There is little known about how HR monitoring influences the perception of exertion and attention allocation. Shifting attentional focus toward the body (association), such as monitoring HR, instead of environmental stimuli (dissociation) may increase one's perceived level of exertion. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of HR monitoring on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and attention allocation during an exertive stepping task in individuals of varying fitness levels. The YMCA stepping task normative values determined fitness levels. For the experimental condition, participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions (i.e., HR monitoring or control) and completed a stepping task with a weighted vest at 20% of their bodyweight. HR, RPE, and attention allocation were collected at 30-s intervals. Performing the stepping task resulted in a gradual increase of HR and RPE along with a shift from dissociative to associative attention across all conditions. Monitoring one's HR during the task resulted in more dissociative attention allocation, however, no RPE differences were reported between the two conditions. Unfit individuals reported lower levels of RPE during the first time point compared to fit individuals despite having higher HR throughout the task. The results of this study have relevance for applied practitioners implementing physical activity interventions with individuals who monitor their HR.

Psychophysical and physiological comparison of squat and semi-squat lifting by young males

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Leon Straker ◽  
Carol Cain
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lower Heart Rate ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Squat Lifting

A comparison between semi-squat and squat techniques was made for floor to knuckle height lifting using maximum acceptable weight (MAW), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate. Semi-squat lifting resulted in greater MAW with lower RPE and lower heart rate compared to squat lifting. Discomfort was most commonly reported in knees/quadriceps with squat lifting. Twelve of the 13 subjects preferred the semi-squat technique. The results provide evidence that the semi-squat technique may have benefits over the squat technique for lifting a medium sized box from floor to knuckle height.

Oxygen Uptake, Heart Rate, and Ratings of Perceived Exertion at the PWC&OV0312;o2

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1292-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Mielke ◽  
Terry J Housh ◽  
C Russell Hendrix ◽  
Clayton L Camic ◽  
Jorge M Zuniga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion

A Pilot Study Comparing Physiological Responses of Phase III Cardiac Patients to Recumbent and Upright Exercise Using the RPE Scale

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meir Magal ◽  
Robert F. Zoeller
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Cardiac Patients ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Differences ◽  
Stepping Exercise

Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) are used for exercise programming of cardiac rehabilitation patients, whenever it is difficult to use heart rate to set intensity due to medication or other factors. This investigation examined the physiological responses to two stepping exercise modes (upright and recumbent) at the same RPE. Analysis indicated significant physiological differences between the modes of exercise which may be mediated by postural differences. Specifically, the physiological responses to the recumbent exercise, but not the upright exercise, had the expected relationship with RPE, with recumbent stepping requiring less physiological effort than the upright stepping at the same RPE. As such, we cannot recommend with confidence that the prescription for upright exercise be made based on data from recumbent exercise or vice-versa.

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