scholarly journals Effect of Coach Encouragement on the Psychophysiological and Performance Responses of Young Tennis Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulent Kilit ◽  
Ersan Arslan ◽  
Firat Akca ◽  
Dicle Aras ◽  
Yusuf Soylu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Monitoring Devices ◽  
Activity Enjoyment

This study aimed to compare the effects of coach encouragement during the on-court tennis training drills (OTDs) on the psychophysiological and performance responses of young tennis players. Twenty-five young male tennis players (14.0 ± 0.3 years of age) performed six bouts of each of the four common OTDs; Star, Suicide, Box and Big X (30:60 s; 1:2 work to rest ratio). The heart rate (HR) and total distance covered were monitored using two portable multivariable integrated 10 Hz GPS monitoring devices during all OTDs, and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE-10) and short form Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) values were determined after each OTDs bout. The results demonstrated that OTDs with coach encouragement induced significantly higher psychophysiological and performance responses compared to OTDs without coach encouragement (p < 0.05). The results of this study confirm that coach encouragement improves the intensity, performance and physical enjoyment level during OTDs. These findings might inform training practices in youth tennis players in order to improve tennis performance.

Does the musical tempo enhance physical performance?

2020 ◽  
pp. 030573562090477
Author(s):  
Jorge A Aburto-Corona ◽  
J A de Paz ◽  
José Moncada-Jiménez ◽  
Bryan Montero-Herrera ◽  
Luis M Gómez-Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Musical Tempo

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the musical tempo on heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and distance run (DR) during a treadmill aerobic test in young male and female adults. Participants ran on the treadmill listening to music at 140 beats per minute (bpm; M140), 120 bpm (M120), or without music (NM). No significant sex differences were found on HR (M140 = 172.6 ± 12.7, M120 = 171.9 ± 11.1, NM = 170.1 ± 12.2 bpm, p = .312), RPE (M140 = 7.5 ± 1.4, M120 = 7.6 ± 1.3, NM = 7.6 ± 1.2, p = .931), or DR (M140 = 4,791.4 ± 2,681.1, M120 = 4,900.0 ± 2,916.9, NM = 4,356.1 ± 2,571.2 m, p = .715). Differences were found in the effect of tempo on HR between condition M140 and NM (172.6 ± 12.7 vs. 170.1 ± 12.2 bpm, p = .044, η2 = 0.32). In conclusion, musical tempo does not affect performance, physiological, or perceptual variables in young adults exercising on a treadmill at a constant speed.

Effects of Bout Duration on Players’ Internal and External Loads During Small-Sided Games in Young Soccer Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1370-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Köklü ◽  
Utku Alemdaroğlu ◽  
Hamit Cihan ◽  
Del P. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
External Loads

Purpose: To investigate the effects of different bout durations on internal and external loads of young soccer players during different small-sided games (SSGs). Methods: Fifteen young male soccer players (average age 17 ± 1 y) participated in 2 vs 2, 3 vs 3, and 4 vs 4 SSGs. All games lasted 12 min playing time in total, but each SSG format further consisted of 4 bout durations: continuous (CON: 1 bout × 12 min) or interval with short (SBD: 6 bouts  × 2 min), medium (MBD: 3 bouts × 4 min), or long (LBD: 2 bouts × 6 min) bout durations. During the SSGs, heart-rate (HR) responses and distance covered in different speed zones (walking and low-intensity, moderate-intensity, and high-intensity running) were measured. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate (La−) were determined at the end of each SSG. Results: The SBD format elicited significantly lower %HRmax responses compared to LBD and CON in all formats (P < .05). The SBD format also showed significantly shorter distances covered in walking and greater distances covered in moderate-intensity running, as well as significantly greater total distance covered compared to LBD and CON in all formats (P < .05). In addition, LBD produced significantly lower La− and RPE responses than SBD and CON in all formats (P < .05). Conclusions: These results suggest that coaches and sport scientists who want to achieve higher internal loads could use SBD and CON timing protocols, while those who want to achieve higher external loads might prefer to use SBD and MBD when planning all SSG formats.

Training intensity distribution in young tennis players

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 880-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Moreira ◽  
Rodrigo V Gomes ◽  
Caroline D Capitani ◽  
Charles R Lopes ◽  
Audrei R Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Professional Tennis

The aim of this study was to describe the training intensity distribution of elite young tennis players, based on the session rating of perceived exertion and heart rate methods. Twelve professional tennis players participated in this study. Heart rate and session rating of perceived exertion were collected in 384 tennis training sessions, 23 simulated matches, and 17 official matches. The total training time spent in the heart rate zone-1 (52.00%) and zone-2 (37.10%) was greater than the time spent in zone-3 (10.90%) during the 5-week training period ( p < 0.05). Similarly, the total training time spent in the session rating of perceived exertion zone-1 (42.00%) and zone-2 (47.50%) was also greater than the time in zone-3 (10.50%) ( p < 0.05). The data of the present study suggest that the majority of the training sessions of these young tennis players were performed at low-to-moderate intensity zone and, therefore, under the intensity performed during actual tennis match play.

scholarly journals The Rating of Perceived Exertion Predicts Performance Loss and Physiological Demand in Vertical Jump Session Until Voluntary Failure

GYMNASIUM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol XXI (2 (Supplement)) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Radenko Arsenijevic ◽  
Igor Ilic ◽  
Veroljub Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Physiological Demand ◽  
Counter Movement Jump ◽  
Maximal Height ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Heart Rate Variance

The aims of this study were (a) to assess the ability of the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) to predict performance loss (i.e. percent of drop in height relative to maximal height) of vertical jump session until voluntary failure, and (b) to determine the ability of RPE to describe the physiological demand of this session via heart rate monitor. Ten healthy men performed vertical jumps (counter-movement jump) until voluntary failure. Before session start maximal jump height for every subject was determined. Heart rate and RPE, separately for legs (RPE legs) and for breath (RPE breath), were recorded every ten jumps throughout the sessions. Results have shoved that RPE legs and performance loss have about 99% of same variance ( =0,9899; p<0,000), and RPE breath explains about 98% heart rate variance ( =0,9789; p<0,000) in vertical jump session until voluntary failure.

Physiological Demand, Metabolic Requirements, and User-Perceived Exertion of Immersive Virtual Reality Exergaming Incorporating an Adaptive Cable Resistance System: An Exploratory Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hu ◽  
Jonathan D Browne ◽  
Michael T Arnold ◽  
Anthony Robinson ◽  
Marin F Heacock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Physiological Demand ◽  
Resistance System

BACKGROUND The intersection of games and exercise has sparked the growth of novel training systems with the potential to promote quality physical activity. Innovations in Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) have propelled “exergaming” to the forefront of the fitness landscape. Researchers have yet to fully explore the physiological and metabolic efficacy and applications of the immersive environment and interactive programming. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to measure metabolic (i.e., energy expenditure (EE)) and physiological (i.e., heart rate (HR)) demands and subjective fatigue and enjoyment scores during a signature 30-minute IVR adaptive cable resistance exergaming session. METHODS Fourteen healthy, college-aged individuals (7 females) were initially acquainted with the equipment and acclimated to the virtual reality and gameplay dynamics. Participants then completed a signature 30-minute exergaming session using an IVR adaptive cable resistance system (Black Box VR ®) that incorporated chest press, squat, row, lat pulldown, overhead press, and stiff leg deadlift. During the session, a portable metabolic gas exchange analysis system assessed energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry and a chest-worn monitor captured heart rate. Immediately following the session, participants completed questionnaires including the Borg scale for Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES), and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). RESULTS EE was greater in males compared to females in terms of kcal/min (P = 0.001), total kcal (P = 0.001), and metabolic equivalents (P = 0.029). Females demonstrated a higher average HR (P = 0.020) and HR as a percentage of theoretical HRmax (P = 0.018). The overall mean metabolic equivalent (MET) during the session was 12.9 (0.5). Men achieved greater volume of total weight lifted during the session (P < 0.001) and with chest press (P = 0.005), overhead press (P = 0.001), stiff-leg deadlift (P = 0.002), and squat (P = 0.015). For the questionnaires, the mean (SD) of RPE, PACES and SSQ was 14 (1), 4.31 (0.36) and 24.04 (24.13), respectively. CONCLUSIONS IVR exergaming with resistance cable training elicits substantial EE and very high physiological demand while attenuating perceived psychological and physical fatigue. Further investigations of IVR utility should explore nuanced muscle recruitment patterns during training and long-term regimen adherence.

Impairment of Thermoregulation and Performance via Mild Dehydration in Ice Hockey Goaltenders

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-840
Author(s):  
Devin G. McCarthy ◽  
Kate A. Wickham ◽  
Tyler F. Vermeulen ◽  
Danielle L. Nyman ◽  
Shane Ferth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Strain ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Post Hoc

During play, ice hockey goaltenders routinely dehydrate through sweating and lose ≥2% body mass, which may impair thermoregulation and performance. Purpose: This randomized, crossover study examined the effects of mild dehydration on goaltender on-ice thermoregulation, heart rate, fatigue, and performance. Methods: Eleven goaltenders played a 70-minute scrimmage followed by a shootout and drills to analyze reaction time and movements. On ice, they either consumed no fluid (NF) and lost 2.4% (0.3%) body mass or maintained body mass with water (WAT) or a carbohydrate–electrolyte solution (CES). Save percentage, rating of perceived exertion, heart rate, and core temperature were recorded throughout, and a postskate questionnaire assessed perceived fatigue. Results: Relative to NF, intake of both fluids decreased heart rate (interaction: P = .03), core temperature (peak NF = 39.0°C [0.1°C], WAT = 38.6°C [0.1°C], and CES = 38.5°C [0.1°C]; P = .005), and rating of perceived exertion in the scrimmage (post hoc: P < .04), as well as increasing save percentage in the final 10 minutes of scrimmage (NF = 75.8% [1.9%], WAT = 81.7% [2.3%], and CES = 81.3% [2.3%], post hoc: P < .04). In drills, movement speed (post hoc: P < .05) and reaction time (post hoc: P < .04) were slower in the NF versus both fluid conditions. Intake of either fluid similarly reduced postskate questionnaire scores (condition: P < .0001). Only CES significantly reduced rating of perceived exertion in drills (post hoc: P < .05) and increased peak movement power versus NF (post hoc: P = .02). Shootout save percentage was similar between conditions (P = .37). Conclusions: Mild dehydration increased physiological strain and fatigue and decreased ice hockey goaltender performance versus maintaining hydration. Also, maintaining hydration with a CES versus WAT may further reduce perceived fatigue and positively affect movements.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Responses, Physical Activity Intensity, and Enjoyment Level of Nintendo Switch™ Exergaming, Comparing Different Tempos and Playing Modes: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Bayu Aji Mayogya Putra ◽  
Reni Hendrarati Masduchi ◽  
Martha Kurnia Kusumawardani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physical Activity Intensity ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rate Sensor

Background: Physical activity (PA) has been associated with multiple health benefits. However, the global population does not meet the PA recommendations. Virtual reality exergaming (VR EXG) can become an option to increase PA because it is fun, relatively easy to access and affordable through popular commercial devices.Aim: To investigate the immediate cardiovascular responses(blood pressure, heart rate), quantification of PA intensity(percentage of maximum heart rate (%HRmax), Borg’s rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and the level of enjoyment using visual analog scale (VAS) while playing VR EXG.Material and Methods: Fifteen healthy men (aged 31.87±3.14 years old, body mass index 23.77±2.47 kg/m2) undergone three“Fitness Boxing” Nintendo Switch™ playing modes in the same order: (1) single player-normal tempo, (2) single player-fast tempo and (3) versus. During playing, participant’s HR was monitored using Polar H10 heart rate sensor. Blood pressure was measured before and after playing. Borg’s RPE and VAS were collected after playing.Results: Our results showed significant heart rate and systolic blood pressure increase (p = 0.001) in all three playing conditions, whereas diastolic blood pressure was relatively constant (p > 0.05). The Borg’s RPE were in 12-13 range (moderate) and %HRmax range between 72- 81% (vigorous). The enjoyment level was found greatest in versus mode compared to other playing modes.Conclusion: VR EXG Nintendo Switch™ “Fitness Boxing” can elicit immediate cardiovascular responses and provides an enjoyable moderate to vigorous PA intensity in healthy male adults, and can be used to meet the weekly PA recommendations. 

scholarly journals Improved 1000-m Running Performance and Pacing Strategy With Caffeine and Placebo: A Balanced Placebo Design Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Hurst ◽  
Lieke Schipof-Godart ◽  
Florentina Hettinga ◽  
Bart Roelands ◽  
Chris Beedie
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Pacing Strategy ◽  
Balanced Placebo Design ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Placebo Design

Purpose: To investigate the placebo effect of caffeine on pacing strategy and performance over 1000-m running time trials using a balanced placebo design. Methods: Eleven well-trained male middle-distance athletes performed seven 1000-m time trials (1 familiarization, 2 baseline, and 4 experimental). Experimental trials consisted of the administration of 4 randomized treatments: informed caffeine/received caffeine, informed caffeine/received placebo, informed placebo/received caffeine, and informed placebo/received placebo. Split times were recorded at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 m, and peak heart rate and rating of perceived exertion were recorded at the completion of the trial. Results: Relative to baseline, participants ran faster during informed caffeine/received caffeine (d = 0.42) and informed caffeine/received placebo (d = 0.43). These changes were associated with an increased pace during the first half of the trial. No differences were shown in pacing or performance between baseline and the informed placebo/received caffeine (d = 0.21) and informed placebo/received placebo (d = 0.10). No differences were reported between treatments for peak heart rate (η2 = .084) and rating of perceived exertion (η2 = .009). Conclusions: The results indicate that the effect of believing to have ingested caffeine improved performance to the same magnitude as actually receiving caffeine. These improvements were associated with an increase in pace during the first half of the time trial.

The Influence of Caffeine and Carbohydrate Coingestion on Simulated Soccer Performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Gant ◽  
Ajmol Ali ◽  
Andrew Foskett
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
And Performance

Carbohydrate and caffeine are known to independently improve certain aspects of athletic performance. However, less is understood about physiological and performance outcomes when these compounds are coingested in a rehydration and carbohydrate-replacement strategy. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of adding a moderate dose of caffeine to a carbohydrate solution during prolonged soccer activity. Fifteen male soccer players performed two 90-min intermittent shuttle-running trials. They ingested a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CON) providing a total of 1.8 g/kg body mass (BM) of carbohydrate or a similar solution with added caffeine (CAF; 3.7 mg/kg BM). Solutions were ingested 1 hr before exercise and every 15 min during the protocol. Soccer passing skill and countermovement-jump height (CMJ) were quantified before exercise and regularly during exercise. Sprinting performance, heart rate, blood lactate concentration (La) and the subjective experiences of participants were measured routinely. Mean 15-m sprint time was faster during CAF (p = .04); over the final 15 min of exercise mean sprint times were CAF 2.48 ± 0.15 s vs. CON 2.59 ± 0.2 s. Explosive leg power (CMJ) was improved during CAF (52.9 ± 5.8 vs. CON 51.7 ± 5.7 cm, p = .03). Heart rate was elevated throughout CAF, and ratings of pleasure were significantly enhanced. There were no significant differences in passing skill, rating of perceived exertion, La, or body-mass losses between trials. The addition of caffeine to the carbohydrate-electrolyte solution improved sprinting performance, countermovement jumping, and the subjective experiences of players. Caffeine appeared to offset the fatigue-induced decline in self-selected components of performance.

Setting, Age, and Intensity Influence Responses to Exercise in Young Endurance Runners

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-554
Author(s):  
Alexander H. Reich ◽  
Elizabeth J. Queathem
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Endurance Runners

We investigated the effects of exercise setting (indoor treadmill vs. outdoor trail), age (17 middle school, 18 high school, and 13 college participants), and level of exertion (Borg Ratings of Perceived Exertion of 10, 12, and 16 on a 22-point scale) on young male endurance runners’ heart rate (HR), running speed, attentive focus, and affect. Three-way analyses of variance revealed that on the outdoor trail (vs. indoor treadmill), HR and speed were higher ( p < .001) and attentive focus was more dissociative ( p = .047). There were significant Age × Setting interactions for HR ( p = .047), speed ( p = .023), and attentive focus ( p = .002), with older participants exhibiting a greater increase in speed and HR and a greater shift toward dissociative focus on the outdoor trail. Three-way analyses of variance also yielded significant Age × Time interactions on components of the Physical Activity Affect Scale in that younger participants exhibited larger declines in positive affect ( p = .003) and tranquility ( p < .001) and larger increases in fatigue ( p < .001) as a result of the running session. Our data suggest that either runners develop more positive responses to exercise as they mature or those young runners who experience running more negatively tend to drop out of running so that the remaining older participants continuing to run are those who experience exercise positively.

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