Who do state policy makers listen to? The case of teacher evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel S. White
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Evaluation ◽  
General Public ◽  
State Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Individual Teacher ◽  
Education Leaders ◽  
Evaluation Policies ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Democrats And Republicans ◽  
Every Student Succeeds Act

As the Every Student Succeeds Act is returning authority over teacher evaluation policies back to the states, policy makers at the state level have the opportunity to revise their policies. But who will they listen to when it comes to potential reforms? The author surveyed education policy makers to determine to what degree teachers, education leaders, and the general public are likely to influence their decisions. Their responses revealed that policy makers value voices of constituents over those of the general public, that Democrats and Republicans respond differently to teacher preferences, that responses to individual teacher voices are different from responses to union voices, and that school leaders’ voices are valued by almost all policy makers.

scholarly journals Mask adherence and rate of COVID-19 across the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie B. Fischer ◽  
Nedghie Adrien ◽  
Jeremiah J. Silguero ◽  
Julianne J. Hopper ◽  
Abir I. Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
General Public ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Level Data ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Public Health Officials

AbstractMask wearing has been advocated by public health officials as a way to reduce the spread of COVID-19. In the United States, policies on mask wearing have varied from state to state over the course of the pandemic. Even as more and more government leaders encourage or even mandate mask wearing, many citizens still resist the notion. Our research examines mask wearing policy and adherence in association with COVID-19 case rates. We used state-level data on mask wearing policy for the general public and on proportion of residents who stated they always wear masks in public. For all 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC), these data were abstracted by month for April ⍰ September 2020 to measure their impact on COVID-19 rates in the subsequent month (May ⍰ October 2020). Monthly COVID-19 case rates (number of cases per capita over two weeks) >200 per 100,000 residents were considered high. Fourteen of the 15 states with no mask wearing policy for the general public through September reported a high COVID-19 rate. Of the 8 states with at least 75% mask adherence, none reported a high COVID-19 rate. States with the lowest levels of mask adherence were most likely to have high COVID-19 rates in the subsequent month, independent of mask policy or demographic factors. Mean COVID-19 rates for states with at least 75% mask adherence in the preceding month was 109.26 per 100,000 compared to 249.99 per 100,000 for those with less adherence. Our analysis suggests high adherence to mask wearing could be a key factor in reducing the spread of COVID-19. This association between high mask adherence and reduced COVID-19 rates should influence policy makers and public health officials to focus on ways to improve mask adherence across the population in order to mitigate the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Principal Evaluation under Elementary and Secondary Every Student Succeeds Act: A Comprehensive Policy Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Morgaen Donaldson ◽  
Madeline Mavrogordato ◽  
Shaun Dougherty ◽  
Reem Al Ghanem ◽  
Peter Youngs
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Principal Evaluation ◽  
School Principal ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
Elementary And Secondary Education ◽  
Evaluation Policies ◽  
Education Act ◽  
Policy Lever ◽  
Every Student Succeeds Act

A growing body of research recognizes the critical role of the school principal, demonstrating that school principals’ effects on student outcomes are second only to those of teachers. Yet policy makers have often paid little attention to principals, choosing instead to focus policy reform on teachers. In the last decade, this pattern has shifted somewhat. Federal policies such as Race to the Top (RTTT) and Elementary and Secondary Education Act waivers emphasized principal quality and prompted many states to overhaul principal evaluation as a means to develop principals’ leadership practices and hold them accountable for the performance of their schools. The development and dissemination of principal evaluation policies has proceeded rapidly, however, it is unclear whether focusing on principal evaluation has targeted the most impactful policy lever. In this policy brief, we describe where policy makers have placed their bets in post-RTTT principal evaluation systems and comment on the wisdom of these wagers. We describe the degree to which principal evaluation components, processes, and consequences vary across the fifty states and the District of Columbia, and review evidence on which aspects of principal evaluation policies are most likely to improve principals’ practice and hold them accountable.

scholarly journals Mask adherence and rate of COVID-19 across the United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249891
Author(s):  
Charlie B. Fischer ◽  
Nedghie Adrien ◽  
Jeremiah J. Silguero ◽  
Julianne J. Hopper ◽  
Abir I. Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
General Public ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Level Data ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Public Health Officials

Mask wearing has been advocated by public health officials as a way to reduce the spread of COVID-19. In the United States, policies on mask wearing have varied from state to state over the course of the pandemic. Even as more and more states encourage or even mandate mask wearing, many citizens still resist the notion. Our research examines mask wearing policy and adherence in association with COVID-19 case rates. We used state-level data on mask wearing policy for the general public and on proportion of residents who stated they always wear masks in public. For all 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC), these data were abstracted by month for April ─ September 2020 to measure their impact on COVID-19 rates in the subsequent month (May ─ October 2020). Monthly COVID-19 case rates (number of cases per capita over two weeks) >200 per 100,000 residents were considered high. Fourteen of the 15 states with no mask wearing policy for the general public through September reported a high COVID-19 rate. Of the 8 states with at least 75% mask adherence, none reported a high COVID-19 rate. States with the lowest levels of mask adherence were most likely to have high COVID-19 rates in the subsequent month, independent of mask policy or demographic factors. Mean COVID-19 rates for states with at least 75% mask adherence in the preceding month was 109.26 per 100,000 compared to 249.99 per 100,000 for those with less adherence. Our analysis suggests high adherence to mask wearing could be a key factor in reducing the spread of COVID-19. This association between high mask adherence and reduced COVID-19 rates should influence policy makers and public health officials to focus on ways to improve mask adherence across the population in order to mitigate the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals "It's Not a Gotcha": Interpreting Teacher Evaluation Policy in Rural School District

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane F. Gilles
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Evaluation ◽  
School Districts ◽  
State Level ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Rural School Districts ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Evaluation Policy ◽  
Policy Actors ◽  
Teacher Evaluation Policy ◽  
Evaluation Policies

This multi-case study explored how local policy actors in rural school districts interpreted new teacher evaluation policies and how state-level policy actors influenced local policy responses. In the first phase of the study, teachers and administrators in four rural school districts in two U.S. states were interviewed about new state teacher evaluation policies and their own local efforts to meet policy demands, while the study’s second phase investigated the work of state-level policy actors. Shedding light on the realities of tackling reform mandates in rural schools, the study finds that teacher evaluation policy efforts are challenged by the tension between the formative and summative purposes of teacher evaluation, that teacher evaluation policies allowing local control in system design require a significant commitment at the local level, that local actors rely on and value the work of policy intermediaries, and that interpreting teacher evaluation policy and planning for implementation can be particularly challenging in small rural school districts.

scholarly journals Moving forward while looking back: Lessons learned from teacher evaluation litigation concerning Value-Added Models (VAMs)

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Paige
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Evaluation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Value Added Models ◽  
Evaluation Policies ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Every Student Succeeds Act

The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) appears to offer states and districts discretion to develop teacher evaluation policies, including those that may use Value Added Models (VAMs). While scholars are discussing this flexibility, limited attention has been paid to the potential role of the law in connection with the future use of VAMs in evaluation policy. While VAMs may be declining in use, several states require or permit them, making the continued assessment relevant. Moreover, given that VAMs were at the center of numerous high-profile lawsuits, assessing litigation outcomes in the context of ESSA is a useful exercise, particularly for jurisdictions that may use (or contemplate their use) of VAMs. Toward this end, this paper applies legal research methods and a law and policy framework to review lawsuits concerning VAMs to distill key principles for state and local policymakers.

Inaugural Address

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-253
Author(s):  
Mian Muhammad Yasin Khan Wattoo
Keyword(s):  
General Meeting ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Annual General ◽  
Inaugural Address ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Annual General Meeting ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Almost All

Prof. Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi, Dr M. Ghaffar Chaudhry, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen: It is a privilege for me to inaugurate the Fourth Annual General Meeting of the Pakistan Society of Development Economists. I am pleased to note that within only five years of its existence the Society has evolved into a prestigious forum for a free and precious exchange of ideas among economists and policy-makers. I am told that through these annual general meetings 74 papers on various topics have been prepared and published, and that, in its Lecture Series on Development Economics, eminent international economists and demographers have read papers on leading issues in economics and demography. The literature created under the aegis of the Society furnishes useful insights into the functioning of the economy and has contributed to the comprehension of the problems of almost all areas of Pakistan's economy - agriculture, industry, trade, resource mobilization, etc. I am happy to note that the Society has helped to promote a scientific and pragmatic approach in policy-formulation and economic decision-making, and has enabled us to think systematically about the nature of the challenges posed and faced by Pakistan's economic development and about the response to this challenge.

Effect of transport measures and curfew against COVID-19 spread on air pollution (TSP) in Ecuador’s three most populous cities

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
State Level ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Traffic Emission ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Total Suspended Particulates ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Future Consequences

Although current circumstances pose challenges to foretelling the future consequences of coronavirus spread, we consider environmental load-related researches became more and more important nowadays perhaps as never before. Many experts believe that the increasingly dire public health emergency situation, policy makers and word leaders should make it possible that the COVID-19 outbreak contributes to a transition of sustainable consumption. With the purpose of contributing to rethink the importance of sustainability efforts, here we present total suspended particulates (TSP) results which represent traffic emission caused air pollution in the three most populous cities of Ecuador obtained before, during, and after the: (i) the traffic measures entered into force on state level; (ii) curfew entered into force on state level; (iii) and quarantine entered into force (in Guayaquil, and whole Guayas province). We documented significant decrease in TSP emissions (PM2.5 and PM10) compared to normal traffic operation obtained from some four lanes roads in Quito, Guayaquil, and Cuenca. The most remarkable fall in suspended particulate values (96.47% decrease in PM2.5) compared to emission observed before traffic measures occurred in Cuenca.

Mobile Marketing: Upcoming marketing tool for Entrepreneurs

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagwan Singh ◽  
Sunita Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
General Public ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Mobile Marketing ◽  
Good Market ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
Almost All

The Bhartiyamarket is changing overnight. The reforms taken by the current UPAgovernment regarding bold decisions like demonetization in November 2016 and forthcoming launch of GST on 1st July 2017 is changing the market facade in BHARAT. Latest innovation in technology is dictating the market and the youth of the country Bharat popularly called as India is depending on the technological reforms. The youths are enlisting themselves in rapid growing and developing technology and are very much adaptive to the change, thus, having complete dependency on the e-gadgets like smartphones, laptops, iPads and the like. This change is forcing the COF (Company Organization Firms) and marketers to use this tool through which they can sell their provices (products + services) and penetrate in the hands of the smartphone users by just launching mobile apps. The launching or developing of mobile apps is the market where almost all enterprises and rising entrepreneurs are keeping eye and want to capture good market share using this tool of mobile marketing. This study has tried to explain the usage and awareness of Mobile marketing as an upcoming tool for entrepreneurs based on the responses of the general public using mobile or smartphones.

Education Secretary Has No Time for Education

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. Vaidyanatha Ayyar
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory System ◽  
State Level ◽  
Education Department ◽  
State Education ◽  
State Education Department ◽  
Chief Minister ◽  
Private Participation ◽  
Arts And Culture ◽  
Vice Chancellors ◽  
Almost All

This chapter offers a vignette of the policy and administrative environment in which a State Education Department has to function. It describes the challenge of administering a mammoth regulatory system, of managing relationship with Chief Minister, politicians, and Vice-Chancellors, and managing teacher unions the crippling burden of litigation, and the establishment of the country’s first State Council of Higher Education. It also explores questions such as: What is a university? Should an institution encompass almost all significant branches of knowledge, combine teaching and research, and be engaged in the creation of knowledge if it were to be called a university? Can a university promote arts and culture? How is a woman’s university different? What could be the State-level mechanism for regulation of and coordination among universities? Should private participation in the expansion of access be encouraged, and if so how? What should be the policy towards minority education institutions?

Lessons learned from a search for common ground

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Rick Hess ◽  
Pedro Noguera
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Social And Emotional Learning ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Teachers College ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Education Leaders ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Common Understanding

In 2020, Rick Hess and Pedro Noguera engaged in a long-running correspondence that tackled many of the biggest questions in education — including topics like school choice, equity and diversity, testing, privatization, the achievement gap, social and emotional learning, and civics. They sought to unpack their disagreements, better understand one another’s perspectives, and seek places of agreement or points of common understanding. Their correspondence appears in their book, A Search for Common Ground: Conversations About the Toughest Questions in K-12 Education (Teachers College Press, 2021). In this article, they reflect on the exercise, what they learned from it, and what lessons it might offer to educators, education leaders, researchers, and policy makers.

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