Differences among U.S. States in Estimating the Number of People Living with HIV/AIDS: Impact on Allocation of Federal Ryan White Funding

Objective. We assessed the impact of differing laboratory reporting scenarios on the completeness of estimates of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA) in the U.S., which are used to guide allocation of federal Ryan White funds. Methods. We conducted a four-year simulation study using clinical and laboratory data on 1,337 HIV-positive women, including 477 (36%) who did not have AIDS at baseline. We estimated the completeness of HIV (non-AIDS) case ascertainment for three laboratory reporting scenarios: CD4<200 cells/μL and detectable viral load (Scenario A); CD4<500 cells/μL and no viral load reporting (Scenario B); and CD4<500 cells/μL and detectable viral load (Scenario C). Results. Each scenario resulted in an increasing proportion of HIV (non-AIDS) cases being ascertained over time, with Scenario C yielding the highest by Year 4 (Year 1: 69.0%, Year 4: 88.1%), followed by Scenario A (Year 1: 63.3%, Year 4: 84.5%), and Scenario B (Year 1: 43.0%, Year 4: 67.7%). Overall completeness of PLWHA ascertainment after four years was highest for Scenario C (95.8%), followed by Scenario A (94.5%), and Scenario B (88.5%). Conclusions. Differences in laboratory reporting regulations lead to substantial variations in the completeness of PLWHA estimates, and may penalize jurisdictions that are most successful at treating HIV/AIDS patients or those with weak or incomplete HIV/AIDS surveillance systems.

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Buddhists Care: Examining the Impact of Religious Elements on Reducing Discriminatory Attitudes toward People Living with HIV/AIDS

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel10070409 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 409 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Song ◽

Qin

Keyword(s):

Positive Impact ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Infected People ◽

Relevant Evidence ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

The Impact ◽

Perceived Religiosity ◽

Hiv Aids

Faith-based programs have been long regarded as influential social approaches to form positive attitudes to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) within the last few decades. However, recent scholars argue that religions serve a double role in supporting HIV-infected people. Moreover, relevant evidence is mainly collected from studies among participants of the Western religious traditions, such as Christianity. This study applies the theory of the attitude formation model to examine Buddhist factors impacting discriminatory attitudes towards HIV/AIDS and the causal path to positive behavior intention. To investigate its underlying mechanism, Buddhist elements, as an important antecedent, were introduced in the advertisement against HIV/AIDS-related discrimination to influence people’s attitudinal reaction. Results show that Buddhist advertising could significantly increase perceived religiosity and compassion. Then, both perceived religiosity and compassion jointly increase anti-prejudical attitudes towards HIV-infected people and have a positive impact on interaction intention at the end.

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Low Case Finding Among Men and Poor Viral Load Suppression Among Adolescents Are Impeding Namibia’s Ability to Achieve UNAIDS 90-90-90 Targets

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofy200 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Simon Agolory ◽

Michael de Klerk ◽

Andrew L Baughman ◽

Souleymane Sawadogo ◽

Nicholus Mutenda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Incidence ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Percent Reduction ◽

Viral Load Suppression ◽

Innovative Strategies ◽

Hiv Positive Women

Abstract Background In 2015, Namibia implemented an Acceleration Plan to address the high burden of HIV (13.0% adult prevalence and 216 311 people living with HIV [PLHIV]) and achieve the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets by 2020. We provide an update on Namibia’s overall progress toward achieving these targets and estimate the percent reduction in HIV incidence since 2010. Methods Data sources include the 2013 Namibia Demographic and Health Survey (2013 NDHS), the national electronic patient monitoring system, and laboratory data from the Namibian Institute of Pathology. These sources were used to estimate (1) the percentage of PLHIV who know their HIV status, (2) the percentage of PLHIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART), (3) the percentage of patients on ART with suppressed viral loads, and (4) the percent reduction in HIV incidence. Results In the 2013 NDHS, knowledge of HIV status was higher among HIV-positive women 91.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.4%–93.7%) than HIV-positive men 82.5% (95% CI, 78.1%–86.1%). At the end of 2016, an estimated 88.3% (95% CI, 86.3%–90.1%) of PLHIV knew their status, and 165 939 (76.7%) PLHIV were active on ART. The viral load suppression rate among those on ART was 87%, and it was highest among ≥20-year-olds (90%) and lowest among 15–19-year-olds (68%). HIV incidence has declined by 21% since 2010. Conclusions With 76.7% of PLHIV on ART and 87% of those on ART virally suppressed, Namibia is on track to achieve UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets by 2020. Innovative strategies are needed to improve HIV case identification among men and adherence to ART among youth.

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Assessing antiretroviral therapy success in HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality trends in Brazil, 1990–2017: an interrupted time series study

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462420952989 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 095646242095298

Author(s):

Augusto Cesar Lara de Sousa ◽

Tatiana de Araujo Eleuterio ◽

José Victor Afonso Coutinho ◽

Raphael Mendonça Guimarães

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Life Years ◽

The Impact ◽

Hiv Aids

To describe the trends of HIV/AIDS metrics related to the burden of disease for Brazil between 1990 and 2017 we conducted a timeseries analysis for HIV/AIDS indicators by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease study. We calculated traditional prevalence, incidence and mortality rates, the number of years lost by HIV-related deaths (YLL) and disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALY). We estimated time series models and assessed the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the same indicators. In the set of disability-adjusted life years (DALY), the highest weight of its magnitude was due to YLL. There was a decline, especially after 1996, of DALY, mortality and YLL for HIV/AIDS. However, YLD, incidence, and prevalence increased over the same period. Also, the analysis of interrupted time series showed that the introduction of HAART into health policy had a significant impact on indicators, especially for DALY and YLL. We need to assess the quality of life of people living with HIV, especially among older adults. In addition, we need to focus on primary prevention, emphasizing methods to avoid infection and public policies should reflect this.

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Assessing the Impact of Food Assistance on Stigma Among People Living with HIV in Uganda Using the HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument-PLWA (HASI-P)

AIDS and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10461-016-1476-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 766-782 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

John A. Maluccio ◽

Fan Wu ◽

Redwan B. Rokon ◽

Rahul Rawat ◽

Suneetha Kadiyala

Keyword(s):

Food Assistance ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Aids Stigma ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

The Impact ◽

Hiv Aids

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The impact of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) on skin disease in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

International Journal of Dermatology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02187.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 43 (10) ◽

pp. 782-783 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Anisa Mosam ◽

Elvis Malcolm Irusen ◽

Honest Kagoro ◽

Jamilla Aboobaker ◽

Ncoza Dlova

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Skin Disease ◽

Kwazulu Natal ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

The Impact ◽

Hiv Aids

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Characteristics of hospitalizations with influenza diagnosis, France, 2012-2017

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz187.074 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

M Pivette ◽

V de Lauzun ◽

N Nicolay ◽

A Scanff ◽

B Hubert

Keyword(s):

Length Of Stay ◽

Diagnosis Related Groups ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

H3n2 Virus ◽

Influenza Surveillance ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Age Group ◽

Hospital System ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Seasonal influenza surveillance in France is based on several data sources (ambulatory data, emergency department and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, laboratory data, mortality). However, the data do not provide a complete measure of the impact of the epidemics on the hospital system. The objective of the study was to describe the characteristics of influenza hospitalizations from the French national hospital discharge database (PMSI) between 2012 and 2017 and to precise the burden of influenza by age group and by season. Methods All hospitalizations in metropolitan France with at least one ICD-10 code related to influenza (J09, J10, J11) as a principal, related or associated diagnosis between 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2017 were extracted from the PMSI. For each season, the total number of hospitalizations, admissions to ICU, incidence and lethality rates, lengths of stay and classification in diagnosis-related groups were described by age group. Results During the 5 seasons, 91 255 hospitalizations with an influenza-diagnosis were identified. The incidence varied significantly between seasons, from 12.7/100 000 in 2013-2014 to 45.9/100 000 in 2016-2017. A high number of cases was observed in elderlies in 2014-2015 and 2016-2017, marked by the circulation of A (H3N2) virus. The proportion of hospitalizations with an admission in ICU was 10%, and was higher in the 40-79 age group (19%). Lethality increased steadily with age, from 0.5% under 20 years to 10% in 80 years and older. Length of stay also increased with age. Significant regional disparities were observed, with higher incidence rates in South-Eastern France each season. Conclusions The analysis of influenza hospitalizations from the PMSI provides important elements on influenza burden, not available in the current surveillance systems. An annual analysis, stratified by age group, would provide an indicator of the impact of the epidemics on hospital system at the end of each influenza season. Key messages Important influenza incidence variations were observed between seasons by age groups. Severity and impact of influenza (mortality, ICU, length of stay) varied significantly by age group.

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Faktor Personal dan Sikap Teman mengenai Tindakan Pencegahan Dampak Penularan HIV/AIDS dengan Stigma Mahasiswa Terhadap Orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA)

Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.23917/jk.v14i2.15056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 184-194

Author(s):

Rossida Kusuma Dewi ◽

Tanjung Anitasari Indah Kusumaningrum ◽

Mayang Widya Saputri ◽

Dicha Febriyanti ◽

Sonia Pebrianti

Keyword(s):

Influential Factor ◽

P Value ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Personal Factors ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Aids Stigma ◽

The Impact ◽

Bivariate Test ◽

Hiv Aids

The prevention program of the impact of HIV / AIDS is a form of handling the existence of the stigma and discrimination of PLWHA. This study aims to analyze the relationship of personal factors consisting of knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of friends about prevention the impact of HIV / AIDS with the stigma of student at the PLWHA, as well as looking for the factors that most influence student stigma against people living with HIV/AIDS. This research is an analytic observational study with a cross sectional approach with a research population of all students of the 2016 and 2017 batches classes of the University in Sukoharjo, totaling 12,457 students with a sample used was 500 students with Proportional Random Sampling. The data collection was using a self administered questionnaire and the data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test in the bivariate test while the logistic regression test was used for multivariate analysis. The results of the bivariate test showed that knowledge (p value = 0,0001), perception (p value = 0,0001), and the attitudes of friends (p value = 0,0001) with stigma of students towards PLWHA with a significant level of a = 0,05. The multivariate test found that the attitude of friends is the most influential factor on student stigma in PLWHA (OR=5,627). It is necessary to provide information to students and the scope of their friendship about HIV/AIDS, as well as HIV prevention programs to reduce stigma in PLWHA. Keywords : personal factors, friend attitude, HIV/AIDS, stigma, PLWHA

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Impact of Mental wellbeing and Quality of Life on Depression, Anxiety and Stress among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA)

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0301.147 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bhavna Mukund ◽

Rejani Thudalikunil Gopalan

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Mental Wellbeing ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

The Impact ◽

Mental Well Being ◽

Hiv Aids

Background: People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) manifest a wide range of stress responses ranging from disbelief, denial, fear to extreme conditions of anxiety disorders, depression and even suicidal thoughts. These complications can have a significant impact on daily functioning and greatly diminish quality of life. Mental wellbeing and Quality of Life can help in better management of stress and facilitate adaptive coping among PLWHA. Aim: The research examined the impact of mental wellbeing and Quality of Life on Depression, Anxiety and Stress among people living with HIV/AIDS infection. Research Design: Cross sectional survey design was used. Sample: A sample of 60 people (males and females of equal number) over the age of 18 years and with the diagnosis for HIV/AIDS for more than six months participated in the study. Tools used: To assess the depression, anxiety and stress among PLWHA, DASS scale was used and to assess their psychological wellbeing, Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being scale was used. In order to assess their present status of QOL regarding the illness, WHO’s QOL HIV-BREF Scale was used. Results: Majority of the PLWHA had moderate level of anxiety and mild level of depression after being diagnosed. Most of the participants have positive mental well-being and had enhanced quality of life. Conclusion: A direct effect of mental wellbeing has been found on the depression, anxiety and stress among PLWHA indicating that higher the mental wellbeing of the PLWHA, the greater is the likelihood that they do not suffer from depression, exhibit less anxiety and are living a stress free life and vice versa. The study also found direct impact of QOL on psychological distress, depression and anxiety among PLWHA i.e. poor QOL of PLWHA makes them more prone to and vulnerable to stress, depression and anxiety and vice versa.

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Association between HIV infection and neurocognitive disorders: a review

10.5327/1516-3180.150 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rafael Felipe Silva Rodrigues ◽

Ana Luiza Soares Henriques de Almeida ◽

Amanda Mansur Rosa ◽

Suelen Darlane Vieira ◽

Luciana Maria Campos e Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Brain Aging ◽

Neurocognitive Disorders ◽

Brain Inflammation ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Neurocognitive Disorder ◽

Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment ◽

The Impact

Background: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are characterized by impairment in at least two cognitive domains with a prevalence of up to 50% in people living with HIV (PLHIV). HAND is subdivided into asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), mild neurocognitive disorder (MND) and HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Objectives: Demonstrate the impact of HAND and possible pathogenic mechanisms by relating them to the prevalence of subtypes Design and Setting: Review of the literature. Methods: Review made from PubMed with the descriptors “neurocognitive disorder”, “HIV”, “review”. Twelve articles were selected, among systematic reviews and meta-analysis published since 2017. Results: Before Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) HAD cases had a higher prevalence, probably due to the high viral load causing intense brain inflammation. Today the percentage of HAD has decreased, but the cases of ANI and MND continue to increase. HAART increases life expectancy and reduces viral load, but it may be related to the increase in ANI / MND associated with early brain aging and mild inflammatory processes resulting from primary infection. Conclusions: HAND is a concern for its impact on the quality of life and life expectancy of PLHIV. Therefore, neuropsychological assessment is an important tool for early diagnosis and disease management. The change in prevalence of different HAND subtypes raises doubts about the pathogenesis of these conditions and further studies are needed to elucidate this issue and develop therapeutic solutions.

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