The Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis—A Personal Overview

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Street
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Second Line ◽  
First Line ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Way

The story is told of how streptomycin, PAS and isoniazid came to be known as the first-line drugs. Although the present first line is generally accepted as rifampicin, ethambutol and isoniazid, the way in which these drugs should be used in different types of tuberculosis and in different parts of the world is discussed in relation to efficacy, toxicity and cost. Passing reference is also made to second-line drugs used in the retreatment of cases with bacterial resistance.

'Mission In Christ's Way': The Way of Which Christ?

Exchange ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-277
Author(s):  
Gnana Robinson
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Local Churches ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Way

AbstractAll Churches and Missionary Movements in different parts of the world assert without hesitation that in all that they do, they follow the way of Jesus Christ. But the gross injustice in international economic dealings promoted by the so-called 'Christian Nations' in the world and the consequent widening of the gap between the rich and the poor in the world, the discrimination of people on the basis of creed, class, race and colour practised by many Christians and the power-struggle and corruption found in many local churches make the world wonder, the way of which Christ these Christians follow! The image of the Biblical Jesus is that of the Servant-leader, crowned with thorns, who emptied himself of all worldly riches, pomp and power and laid down his life as a ransom for many. Since the time of Emperor Constantine, this thorn-crowned servant Jesus is turned into a gold-crowned King, an anti-Christ with the face of 'Mammon', the idol of riches and power. Since one cannot worship God and Mammon at the same time, it is mandatory on the part of us all faithful Christians, to introspect ourselves and decide, the way of which Christ we want to follow.

scholarly journals Pedagogical Translanguaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasone Cenoz ◽  
Durk Gorter
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Metalinguistic Awareness ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Instructional Approach ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Specific Approach ◽  
School Contexts ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Way

Learning through the medium of a second or additional language is becoming very common in different parts of the world because of the increasing use of English as the language of instruction and the mobility of populations. This situation demands a specific approach that considers multilingualism as its core. Pedagogical translanguaging is a theoretical and instructional approach that aims at improving language and content competences in school contexts by using resources from the learner's whole linguistic repertoire. Pedagogical translanguaging is learner-centred and endorses the support and development of all the languages used by learners. It fosters the development of metalinguistic awareness by softening of boundaries between languages when learning languages and content. This Element looks at the way pedagogical translanguaging can be applied in language and content classes and how it can be valuable for the protection and promotion of minority languages. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

scholarly journals Management of hepatocellular carcinoma after progression on first-line systemic treatment: defining the optimal sequencing strategy in second line and beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (S3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.P. Amaro ◽  
V.C. Tam
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Second Line ◽  
First Line ◽  
Optimal Sequencing ◽  
The World ◽  
Sequencing Strategy ◽  
Line Setting

    Hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is one of the most common cancers in the world. It has a high mortality rate, espe­cially when localized treatments fail. For about a decade, the only systemic treatment shown to improve survival was sorafenib. Recently, lenvatinib was found to be noninferior to sorafenib for overall survival and the combination atezolizumab–bevacizumab improved survival compared with sorafenib. Similarly, in the post-sorafenib setting, a number of recent positive clinical trials have been reported, and they indicate that regorafenib, cabozantinib, and ramucirumab are effective and safe in the second-line setting.     With so many new options available, including immunotherapy, it is challenging to define the best sequence of systemic treatment for patients with hcc. In the present review, we introduce the current data for second-line sys­temic treatment and beyond in hcc. A treatment algorithm is also suggested, based on the best available evidence and expert opinion.

scholarly journals The Drug Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in Iran: A Review Article

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliehsan Heidari ◽  
Hossein Keshavarz
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Transporter Gene ◽  
First Line ◽  
Dihydropteroate Synthase ◽  
The World ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
First Line Treatment

Background: One of the main obstacles to malaria control in the world has been the emergence of resistance in Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and other antimalarial drugs. This study aimed to review studies in Iran on resistance in P. falciparum and P. vivax to drugs, and to reveal the mechanisms and molecular markers of resistance of these two species. Methods: The databases of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Magiran, and reputable Iranian journals were searched to find published studies on the resistance in P. falciparum and P. vivax to antimalarial drugs in Iran. Results: There is a significant relationship between resistance to chloroquine in P. falciparum and the emergence of K76T mutation in the P. falciparum chloroquineresistance transporter gene in Iran. Resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in P. falciparum is also significantly associated with the development of mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes. Resistance to chloroquine in P. vivax has not been reported in Iran and it is used as a first-line treatment for P. vivax malaria. Conclusion: P. falciparum has become resistant to chloroquine in different regions of Iran and is not currently used to treat malaria. Besides, cases have emerged of P. falciparum resistance to SP in different parts of southern Iran, and SP is not administered alone for treating P. falciparum.

scholarly journals An Analytical Study of Hinduism in the Writings of Muhammad Shariq

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
dr.naseem Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Human Race ◽  
The World ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Way ◽  
Divine Guidance

Religion has always been playing a very important role in the lives of all humans since the very beginning of life. Historians believe that there has never been lack of divine guidance in any period of time ever since the existence of human race, but with the passage of time the teachings of Islam were perverted and different religions and civilizations came into existence, some of which diminished with time while others adopting their teachings according to the modern and changing conditions continued to exist. However, religious teachings have always dominated other forces in the world mainly because of visionary efforts and a continued chain of prophets. Apart from Islam other religions also had their influnce on the systems. The study of religions has always been a well-established tradition among the researchers and thinkers who have always focused on this aspect of learning which paved the way to producing books of immense scholastic quality. People in different parts of the world had been expressing their opinions about the teaching of religions. Religious teachings were also debated in our part of the world-the sub-continent- which is evident from the writings of Hafiz Muhammad Shariq in his book “A detailed Study of Hindusim” which led to the opening of many gateways of research for knowledge seekers. In this article an analytical review of the special work of Muhammad Shariq on Hinduism is carried out.

Synesthesia in the process of phraseologismformation: a new approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-110
Author(s):  
Irina Zykova
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Language Semantics ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Deep Stratum ◽  
The Way

Abstract The paper aims to explore how the process of phraseologism-formation is linked with the process of perception as part and parcel of human cognitive activity. Specifically, the research focuses on the role synesthesia plays in the construction of phraseological meaning. We proceed from the claim that the perceptual experience a human gains through multiple sensory channels while cognizing the world is preserved in the language semantics. Therefore, one of the main assumptions of the research is that synesthesia as a result of crossintegration of various perceptual sensations and their (sub)modalities influences the formation of phraseologisms and can be traced in their semantics. To test this assumption, a representative corpus of English and Russian phraseological units (more than 3,000) is analyzed. In the course of the analysis different types of synesthetic transfers that underlie the phraseological meanings in question are established. Special attention is paid to the way in which synesthesia is involved in the construction of the deep stratum of phraseological semantics that consists of the conceptual foundation (i.e., macro-metaphorical conceptual model) and phraseological image. Overall, the study offers further evidence that phraseological meaning is derived from the perceptual experience and from various synesthetic transfers in particular.

scholarly journals Bodies, Bollywood and Bond. The evolving image of secret agents in Hindi spy thrillers inspired by the 007 franchise

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Lipka-Chudzik
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
James Bond ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

Independent researcherIn the 1960s, after the international commercial success of the James Bond films, many imitations and parodies of the original were made in different parts of the world. In India popular Hindi films were also inspired by the 007 franchise, beginning with the action thriller Farz in 1967. From then on a new genre was formed in the Bombay cinema: Hindi Bond films. These derivative productions were deliberately created to replicate the plot formula and narrative structure of the original Bond series. They underwent considerable development from cheap, amateurish B-movies to big budget commercial hits such as Ek Tha Tiger in 2012. Also the leading characters in Hindi Bond films, the secret agents of the Indian police and intelligence, evolved from the innocent, happy-go-lucky youngsters in the 1960s into the tough, world-weary men of action in the 2010s. One of the most important factors of this gradual change is the way the heroes’ bodies were shown on screen. The focus on the esthetics, the musculature, the physical abilities and sex appeal of the Bombay Bonds was different in every decade. This article concentrates on the evolution of Hindi Bond films: the genre as well as the leading characters.

Cordon approach to rivers

2020 ◽  
pp. 198-241
Author(s):  
S. Nazrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
River Channels ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Levee System ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Parts

Chapter 9 presents the Cordon approach, describing its methods, reviewing its spread across the world, and analyzing its consequences. It discusses the general relationship between river channels and their floodplains and explains the nurturing functions that regular river inundations perform. The chapter then outlines the instruments of the Cordon approach, such as embankments, floodwalls, channelization, and canalization. It goes on to explain the relationship between the Cordon and the Polder approaches and offers a classification of cordons into different types. The chapter reviews the consequences of the Cordon approach, distinguishing between those for river channels and for floodplains. It provides an overview of the experience of the Cordon approach in different parts of the world, focusing on the United States, Europe, and India. It also presents two case studies of the Cordon approach: the Mississippi levee system in the United States and the Huang He River embankments in China.

Through a fractured gaze: The OECD, the World Bank and transnational care chains

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rianne Mahon
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Wicked Problems ◽  
Wicked Problem ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Way

Transnational care chains can be seen as a wicked problem, i.e. one that requires coordination across a range of jurisdictions. Yet international organizations, like other bureaucracies, factor problems. While this is designed to make issues more manageable, it can also inhibit the organization’s ability to grasp, and therefore to deal adequately with, wicked problems. This article examines the way policy research conducted in different parts of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Bank manages to capture pieces of the chain but is unable to see the connections between them.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document