‘We Are Equal but Different’: Challenging Compulsory Heterosexuality by Intersexual Female Athletes in the World of Sport

2021 ◽  
pp. 003802292110118
Author(s):  
Samapika Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Compulsory Heterosexuality ◽  
Male Power ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
And Gender

By using the method of Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (FCDA), this article examines how sport is a conservative institution so far as sexuality and gender identity of female athletes are concerned. The article enquires to know what it means for a sportswoman to be physically strong and active like a man. It explores how the process of binary sex segregation in competitive sports affects the non-heterosexual female athletes and how their sexuality and physicality are considered as a foil in the patriarchal domain of sports. It highlights how the ‘gender verification test’ as a discriminatory tool is used by the sports regulatory bodies to prove female athletes’ sexuality, especially heterosexuality and to maintain the system of patriarchal hegemony in the world of sport. The article looks into how the hegemonic masculinity within sport works to uphold male power, while subjugating the female athletes. It unveils the incidents, how the non-heterosexual female athletes fall victims of homophobia and go through mental stress to confirm to the societal norms of compulsory heterosexuality. More specifically, through in-depth analysis of two contemporary cases of intersexual hyper-androgenic female athletes, this article examines the status and challenges being faced by the non-heterosexual female athletes in sport and focuses upon how their sexuality are addressed in the field of competitive sports. The article also focuses on the agony as well as resilience of intersexual female athletes to break the gender stereotype in sport in postmodern era unlike before.

scholarly journals Women Participation in Physical Education and Sports: An Overview

2021 ◽  
pp. 278-287
Author(s):  
Dr. Kishore Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
The Status ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Status Of Women

The status of women in society has been at the center of conversations for decades. The concepts of women’s empowerment, gender mainstreaming, gender equality, and gender equity have been identified as key drivers for promoting women’s quality of life. In the ancient Olympic games women were not permitted to participate, even they were not allowed to watch the games. The total concept has changed now a days. The summer Olympic and Paralympic Games appear to be settings where female athletes have reached near parity with men. At the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio, female athletes accounted for 45% of the participants, an all-time high, achieving the goal set by former International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Jacques Rogge, which he predicted would occur by 2008. The present history based article deals with various corner of women participant in competitive sports till now.

Schizoecologic Cartographies

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-124
Author(s):  
Hanjo Berressem
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Meta Model ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ecological Parameters ◽  
Striated Space

The chapter first defines the status of the diagram that underlies Schizoanalytic Cartographies as a formal diagram of an informal world. As such, it is itself a figure of the various complementarities that are defined within it. Using foldings of the diagram to organize the text, the chapter subsequently provides an in-depth analysis of the relations between and the superpositions of its four functors: Flows, Phyla, Territories and Universes. Next, it presents the diagram’s inherently ecological parameters. By way of tracing the vectors between its various positions, it defines the diagram as a meta-model of the expressive relation between the world and its creatures. After showing Guattari’s recalibration of the distinction between smooth and striated space, it exemplifies the notion of an expressive ecology in four sections that perform the squaring of concepts (chlorophyll), of the unconscious (Lacan), of aesthetics (Balthus) and of media studies (the analog and digital divide).

scholarly journals How television news disguises its racist representations: The case of Romanian Antena 1 reporting on the Roma

Ethnicities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-843
Author(s):  
Petre Breazu ◽  
David Machin
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
News Media ◽  
Television News ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Sound Effects ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Eu Project

Research shows that news media around the world tend to represent ethnic minorities in ways which nurture distorted views and invite negative attitudes. Scholars have also emphasised that, in contemporary societies, a political climate has emerged which has made overt racism unacceptable and social taboos leading to racist statements are increasingly being managed and disguised in order to avoid direct accusations. In this paper we use Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) to carry out an in-depth analysis of a Romanian television news report—selected from a larger corpus—which addressed the situation of the Roma migrants in Norway. We show how this medium, with editing techniques, voice-overs, sound effects and captions, has its own subtleties for communicating racism in ways that are less obvious at a casual viewing. The case we analyse reports on a Norwegian/EU project to build a factory in Romania, so that Roma migrants can return home to work rather than live and beg on the streets of Oslo.

scholarly journals Criticisms of Normalized Marketing Strategies: An In-Depth Analysis of Inherent Racism and Gender Conformity in the World of RuPaul’s Drag Race

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Houston ◽  
Marty Fink
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Television Series ◽  
Promotional Material ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Gender Conformity ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender

This paper showcases how inherent racism and gender conformity are enforced by the RuPaul’s Drag Race franchise via promotional material, episode content, types of queens featured and judges’ commentary between the first and ninth season of the television series. The research aims to understand how the shift from a once LGBTQ+ specific market to a mainstream audience has further perpetuated the idealized forms of beauty and femininity. The content analysis of the first and ninth season showcases how RPDR is seeking to fit a pre-constructed stereotype created by the ‘imagined’ heteronormative/cisgender audience since becoming mainstream. Viewers are comfortable with consuming content that exists in their current environment or in which they can relate to, which makes it difficult to celebrate queens that deviate from heteronormativity at the franchise level. With the shift from Logo TV to VH1, LGBTQ+ focused companies are losing opportunities for sponsorship and marketing directly to their intended niche audience. Overall, the television series is supposed to be put in place to celebrate LGBTQ+ culture and to be a progressive step in which minorities are being showcased in mainstream media, but they are not being conveyed in an accurate or justified manner. Queens such as Shea Couleé, Peppermint and Valentina are essentially robbed of their chance to win RPDR due to their race, and in Peppermint’s case specifically, her transness.

scholarly journals “Her Winning Personality”: Critical Discourse Analysis of Media Portrayals of Females in Sport

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Esford
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Sports Media ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Gender Hierarchy ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
And Gender

At the intersection of fourth-wave feminism and third-wave sports media research, this critical discourse analysis will focus on the ways in which gender hierarchy and gender expectations are manifested in articles on ESPN.com. Through the investigation of sports media framing techniques, the ESPN articles in examination construct an idealized female identity within sports through the language used. This narrow view of female athletes allows for the power and influence that sports media has to construct gender hierarchies in the media landscape. Using Fairclough’s (1989) method of conducting a critical discourse analysis, the prevalent sports media sentiments about Simone Biles, Megan Rapinoe, and Serena Williams will illustrate the sexist, racist, and homophobic language used. Through applying the Televised Sports Manhood Formula (Messner et. al, 2000) as a foundational discourse in sports media to journalism, the hierarchy of sports media results in the use of character framing techniques for sportswomen. When aspects like ambivalence and non-sports related information are emphasized, these strategies uphold the masculine hegemony of sports media. Keywords: Sports media sentiment, gender, gender hierarchy, critical discourse analysis, Simone Biles, Megan Rapinoe, Serena Williams.

scholarly journals “Her Winning Personality”: Critical Discourse Analysis of Media Portrayals of Females in Sport

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Esford
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Sports Media ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Gender Hierarchy ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
And Gender

At the intersection of fourth-wave feminism and third-wave sports media research, this critical discourse analysis will focus on the ways in which gender hierarchy and gender expectations are manifested in articles on ESPN.com. Through the investigation of sports media framing techniques, the ESPN articles in examination construct an idealized female identity within sports through the language used. This narrow view of female athletes allows for the power and influence that sports media has to construct gender hierarchies in the media landscape. Using Fairclough’s (1989) method of conducting a critical discourse analysis, the prevalent sports media sentiments about Simone Biles, Megan Rapinoe, and Serena Williams will illustrate the sexist, racist, and homophobic language used. Through applying the Televised Sports Manhood Formula (Messner et. al, 2000) as a foundational discourse in sports media to journalism, the hierarchy of sports media results in the use of character framing techniques for sportswomen. When aspects like ambivalence and non-sports related information are emphasized, these strategies uphold the masculine hegemony of sports media. Keywords: Sports media sentiment, gender, gender hierarchy, critical discourse analysis, Simone Biles, Megan Rapinoe, Serena Williams.

scholarly journals Are STEM Syllabi Gendered? A Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Parson
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Research University ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Higher Education Institution ◽  
Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
And Gender

This study explored the gendered nature of STEM higher education institution through a feminist critical discourse analysis of STEM course syllabi from a Midwest research university. I explored STEM syllabi to understand how linguistic features such as stance and interdiscursivity are used in the syllabus and how language and discourses used in the syllabus replicate the masculine nature of STEM education. Findings suggest that the discourses identified in the syllabi reinforce traditional STEM academic roles, and that power and gender in the STEM syllabi are revealed through exploration of the themes of knowledge, learning, and the teaching and learning environment created by the language used in the syllabus. These findings inform and extend understanding of the STEM syllabus and the STEM higher education institution and lead to recommendations about how to make the STEM syllabus more inclusive for women.

scholarly journals Couples’ Relative Resources, Male Power, and Relationship Conflict from a Comparative Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110223
Author(s):  
Maike van Damme ◽  
Clara Cortina ◽  
Maria José González
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Working Parents ◽  
Couple Conflict ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Male Power ◽  
High Conflict ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relative Resources ◽  
And Behavior

Using two waves of the Generations and Gender Survey for eight European countries, we test under what conditions couples experience high levels of disagreement over time or separate. The results partly support the idea of relative resources, suggesting that a decrease in the status of men in couples (job loss) is significantly associated with high levels of conflict. The transition to high conflict is more frequent when there is a discrepancy between policy and behavior. Social policies designed to meet the needs of working parents in dual-earner couples together with the diffusion of gender egalitarian values can lead to a reduction in unhealthy levels of couple conflict.

scholarly journals Power and Gender Issues in Sidhwa’s The Pakistani Bride: A Critical Discourse Analysis

sjesr ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-246
Author(s):  
Shah Faisal Ullah ◽  
Dr. Ihsan Ullah Khan ◽  
Dr. Abdul Karim Khan
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social System ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
And Gender

This critical discourse study explores power and gender issues discursively constructed in Bapsi Sidhwa’s The Pakistani Bride. The study aims to examine gender issues in the tribal patriarchal social system in Pakistan. The novel understudy critically explored the abuse of power in a patriarchal society. Lazar’s concept of Feminist critical discourse analysis and Fairclough’s approach to critical discourse analysis has been chosen to examine the main issues faced by women in remote areas of Pakistan. Fairclough’s (1989) model has been adopted as a method for the analysis of the selected excerpts taken from the text of the novel. The analysis of the text has been made on the ground to explore women's marginalization, patriarchal hegemony, and power exercise in Pakistan’s remote areas.

scholarly journals Criticisms of Normalized Marketing Strategies: An In-Depth Analysis of Inherent Racism and Gender Conformity in the World of RuPaul’s Drag Race

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Houston ◽  
Marty Fink
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Television Series ◽  
Promotional Material ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Gender Conformity ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender

This paper showcases how inherent racism and gender conformity are enforced by the RuPaul’s Drag Race franchise via promotional material, episode content, types of queens featured and judges’ commentary between the first and ninth season of the television series. The research aims to understand how the shift from a once LGBTQ+ specific market to a mainstream audience has further perpetuated the idealized forms of beauty and femininity. The content analysis of the first and ninth season showcases how RPDR is seeking to fit a pre-constructed stereotype created by the ‘imagined’ heteronormative/cisgender audience since becoming mainstream. Viewers are comfortable with consuming content that exists in their current environment or in which they can relate to, which makes it difficult to celebrate queens that deviate from heteronormativity at the franchise level. With the shift from Logo TV to VH1, LGBTQ+ focused companies are losing opportunities for sponsorship and marketing directly to their intended niche audience. Overall, the television series is supposed to be put in place to celebrate LGBTQ+ culture and to be a progressive step in which minorities are being showcased in mainstream media, but they are not being conveyed in an accurate or justified manner. Queens such as Shea Couleé, Peppermint and Valentina are essentially robbed of their chance to win RPDR due to their race, and in Peppermint’s case specifically, her transness.

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