An investigation of temperature-sensing textiles for temperature monitoring during sub-maximal cycling trials

Temperature-sensing textiles have been proposed for a variety of applications, including health monitoring and sports. Skin temperature ( Tsk) measurements are an important parameter in performance sports and can be used to better understand thermoregulation during exercise. Currently, most Tsk measurements are taken using skin-mounted thermistors, which can be uncomfortable to the wearer, or thermal imaging, which can be difficult to implement and analyze. This work investigates the feasibility of using textile temperature-sensing electronic yarns (E-yarns) to measure human skin temperature during sub-maximal cycling trials. E-yarns were attached to commercially available cycling suits and measurements were recorded using both the E-yarns and the skin-mounted thermistors at rest and during sub-maximal cycling. Temperature readings were compared between the two temperature-sensing methodologies to determine the viability of using the temperature-sensing E-yarns for this application. Differences in the Tsk measurements as high as 5.9℃ between the E-yarns and skin-mounted thermistors for participants at rest have been shown. This work has also identified that a build-up of sweat significantly altered the Tsk recorded by the E-yarns in some cases. Further experiments explored the effect of saline solutions (simulating sweat) on the response of the temperature-sensing E-yarns. This work has highlighted boundary conditions for taking point Tsk measurement using electronic textiles.

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The effect of constitutive pigmentation on the measured emissivity of human skin

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0241843 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0241843

Author(s):

Matthew Charlton ◽

Sophie A. Stanley ◽

Zoë Whitman ◽

Victoria Wenn ◽

Timothy J. Coats ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Human Skin ◽

Thermal Imaging ◽

Infrared Imaging ◽

Skin Pigmentation ◽

Thermal Infrared ◽

Reflectance Spectrophotometry ◽

Thermal Infrared Imaging ◽

Thermal Emissivity

Background The measurement of body temperature has become commonplace in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Body temperature can be measured using thermal infrared imaging, a safe, non-contact method that relies on the emissivity of the skin being known to provide accurate readings. Skin pigmentation affects the absorption of visible light and enables us to see variations in skin colour. Pigmentation may also affect the absorption of infrared radiation and thus affect thermal imaging. Human skin has an accepted emissivity of 0.98 but the effect of different skin pigmentation on this value is not known. In this study, we investigated the influence of different skin pigmentation on thermal emissivity in 65 adult volunteers. Methods A reference object of known emissivity (electrical tape) was applied to participant’s skin on the inner upper arm. Tape and arm were imaged simultaneously using a thermal infrared camera. The emissivity was set on the camera to the known value for electrical tape. The emissivity was altered manually until the skin temperature using thermal imaging software was equal to the initial tape temperature. This provided the calculated emissivity value of the skin. Participants were grouped according to skin pigmentation, quantified using the Fitzpatrick skin phototyping scale and reflectance spectrophotometry. Differences in emissivity values between skin pigmentation groups were assessed by one-way ANOVA. Results The mean calculated emissivity for the 65 participants was 0.972 (range 0.96–0.99). No significant differences in emissivity were observed between participants when grouped by skin pigmentation according to the Fitzpatrick scale (p = 0.859) or reflectance spectrophotometry (p = 0.346). Conclusion These data suggest that skin pigmentation does not affect thermal emissivity measurement of skin temperature using thermal infrared imaging. This study will aid further research into the application of thermal infrared imaging as a screening or bedside diagnostic tool in clinical practice.

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Infrared thermal imaging of human skin temperature during combined simulated hemorrhage and thermal stress

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.lb741 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Gilbert Moralez ◽

Paul Cox ◽

Rebekah A.I. Lucas ◽

Matthew S. Ganio ◽

James Pearson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stress ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Human Skin ◽

Thermal Imaging ◽

Infrared Thermal Imaging ◽

Simulated Hemorrhage

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From quencher to potent activator – Multimodal luminescence thermometry with Fe3+ in the oxides MAl4O7 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba)

Journal of Materials Chemistry C ◽

10.1039/d1tc01272j ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Karolina Kniec ◽

Wojciech Piotrowski ◽

Karolina A Ledwa ◽

Markus Suta ◽

Luis Antonio Dias Carlos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Imaging ◽

Temperature Sensing ◽

Luminescence Thermometry

Luminescence (nano)thermometry is an emerging and promising field for remote temperature sensing and thermal imaging of both the surface and interior of objects. While the field is dominated by trivalent...

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High Precision Human Skin Temperature Fluctuations Measuring Instrument

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21124101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 4101

Author(s):

Nikolai B. Suvorov ◽

Alexander V. Belov ◽

Konstantin G. Kuliabin ◽

Aleksei A. Anisimov ◽

Timofei V. Sergeev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Temperature ◽

Human Skin ◽

High Precision ◽

Temperature Fluctuations ◽

Preliminary Test ◽

Semiconductor Diode ◽

Measuring Instrument ◽

Voltage Range ◽

Temperature Oscillations ◽

Depth Study

This paper describes the experimental results of testing a prototype of a high precision human skin rapid temperature fluctuations measuring instrument. Based on the author’s work, an original circuit solution on a miniature semiconductor diode sensor has been designed. The proposed circuitry provides operation in the full voltage range with automatic setting and holding the operating point, as well as the necessary slope of the conversion coefficient (up to 2300 mV/°C), which makes it possible to register fast temperature oscillations from the surface of the human body and other biological objects. Simulation results in the Microcap 12 software and laboratory tests have confirmed all declared design specifications: temperature resolution of 0.01 °C, transducer thermal time constant of 0.05 s. An original thermostat and an experimental setup for the simultaneous registration of the electrocardiogram, pulse wave signals from the Biopac polygraph MP36 and a signal of temperature oscillations from the prototype thermometer have been designed for further investigations. The preliminary test results indicates that using the designed measuring instrument gives a possibility to provide an in-depth study of the relationship between micro- and macro-blood circulations manifested in skin temperature fluctuations.

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Low-cost multi-person continuous skin temperature sensing system for fever detection

Proceedings of the 18th Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems ◽

10.1145/3384419.3430398 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Wei ◽

Chenye Yang ◽

Xiaofan Jiang

Keyword(s):

Skin Temperature ◽

Low Cost ◽

Temperature Sensing ◽

Sensing System

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Experimental Study on the Effect of Pressure on Human Skin Temperature and Heart Rate

2010 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Computer Science ◽

10.1109/icbecs.2010.5462482 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Gang Wang ◽

Rongxiang Liu ◽

Guodan Liu ◽

Binbin Zhang ◽

Fang Liu

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Experimental Study ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Human Skin ◽

Effect Of Pressure

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Distributed fiber optic strain and temperature sensing for structural health monitoring

Advances in Bridge Maintenance, Safety Management, and Life-Cycle Performance, Set of Book & CD-ROM ◽

10.1201/b18175-414 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 1003-1004

Keyword(s):

Structural Health Monitoring ◽

Health Monitoring ◽

Fiber Optic ◽

Temperature Sensing ◽

Structural Health

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Evaluation of Rectal and Skin Temperature Variations of Anesthetised Dogs Undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2019.0024 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 209

Author(s):

Andra DEGAN ◽

Ruxandra TUDOR ◽

Ruxandra COSTEA ◽

Dragoș BÎRȚOIU ◽

Mihai SĂVESCU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

General Anesthesia ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Thermal Imaging ◽

Invasive Technique ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Temperature Variations ◽

Before And After

General anesthesia produces different degrees of central nervous depression and changes in the peripheral circulation, therefore affecting the patient’s thermoregulatory mechanism. Moreover, the lack of proper, specially designed equipment for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment monitoring can represent a challenge for the anesthetist. We examined the temperature variations correlated with different anesthetic protocols in dogs that underwent general anesthesia in order to evaluate changes in rectal and distal extremities temperature, before and after anesthesia. This study was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Bucharest, on 21 dogs that were divided in 3 groups depending on the anesthetic protocol used. First group (B) received butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg, intravenously IV), second group (BK) had butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) and a low dose of ketamine (2 mg/kg) IV, and group 3 (BM) was premedicated with butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) IV. All patients were induced with propofol i.v. (3.24±0.68), intubated and maintained with isoflurane and oxygen. We determined rectal temperature before and right after the end of anesthesia with a digital thermometer and distal extremities temperature with the use of a thermal imaging camera attached to a smartphone. There was no significant difference between the rectal temperature before and after anesthesia within the 3 groups. Patients in group BK had a significant change in skin temperature at the end of anesthesia in all limbs (from 310C to 29.8 0C, p=0.008 and from 31 0C to 29.70C, p=0.009), respectively). Temperature variations were presented before and at the end of anesthesia, for all the groups especially at skin level. This study revealed that mobile thermal imaging represents a non-invasive technique that is helpful in assessing real time temperature changes in patients undergoing general anesthesia.

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Prediction human skin temperature in comfort level

Science Proceedings Series ◽

10.31580/sps.v1i3.857 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Zaina Norhallis Zainol ◽

Masine Md. Tap ◽

Haslinda Mohamed Kamar

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Human Skin ◽

Blood Perfusion ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Working Environment ◽

Percentage Error ◽

Bioheat Equation ◽

Acceptable Error ◽

Human Arm

Thermal comfort is the human subject perceive satisfaction to the work environment. The thermal comfort need to be achieve towards productive working environment. The comfort level of the subject is affected by the human skin temperature. To assess the skin temperature with the sorrounding by conducting human experiment in the climatic chamber. It is rigorous and complex experiment.This study was developed to predict human skin temperature in comfort level with the finite element method and the bioheat equation. The bioheat equation is a consideration of metabolic heat generation and the blood perfusion to solve heat transfer of the living tissue. It is to determine the skin temperature focussing at the human arm. From the study, it is found that the predicted skin temperature value were in well agreement with the experimental results. The percentage error insignificant with acceptable error of 1.05%.

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