Relative deprivation and ‘the diversity effect’ in explaining neighbourhood attachment: Alternative or complementary mechanisms?

Urban Studies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 984-990
Author(s):  
Agata Górny ◽  
Sabina Toruńczyk-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Economic Diversity ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Diversity Effect ◽  
Diversity Effects ◽  
Negative Link

In a 2014 paper, we demonstrated that the negative relationship between ethnic diversity and neighbourhood attachment was moderated by interethnic ties differently for migrants and natives living in ethnically diverse neighbourhoods. In this article, we respond to the Comment on our paper by Oded Stark, who proposes to interpret our findings within the framework of relative deprivation theory, and to explain the different results for migrants and natives by different preferences for diversity and resulting self-selection processes among the two groups. We argue that explaining the negative link between ethnic diversity and neighbourhood attachment by a distaste for relative deprivation is problematic given the intricacies of relationships between ethnic diversity, economic diversity, economic inequality and neighbourhood attachment. We note that employing the concept of relative deprivation in the analyses of ethnic diversity effects should acknowledge the role that interethnic ties play in the way natives and migrants define their reference groups. We also claim that preferences for diversity are unlikely to constitute a substantial basis for residential selection among migrants and natives, given the role of structural and socio-psychological factors in residential choices.

scholarly journals Estimating Diversity Effects in the Neighborhood: On the Role of Ethnic Diversity and Out-group Size and their Associations with Neighborhood Cohesion and Fear of Crime

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Glas ◽  
Roel Jennissen ◽  
Godfried Engbersen
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Neighborhood Cohesion ◽  
Diversity Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diversity Effects

AbstractThis study considers and simultaneously tests the role of ethnic diversity and out-group size in relation to individuals’ perceptions of neighborhood cohesion and fear of crime among natives in Dutch neighborhoods. We challenge the way the impact of diversity has been studied previously and propose an alternative measure to examine diversity effects. This results in a better understanding of how and why the ethnic composition of a neighborhood may impact levels of cohesion and fear, and thereby contributes to the literature on the societal effects of ethnic diversity. In addition, attention is paid to the association between cohesion and fear and whether neighborhood cohesion mediates the relationship between ethnic diversity and fear of crime. We apply multilevel equation modeling techniques to analyze the different relationships and use data of the Dutch Safety Monitor (N = 71,760) in combination with detailed register data. Our study is one of the first to detect a diversity effect on cohesion based on the modified diversity measure. We do not find support for the hypothesized diversity effect on fear of crime. Lastly, out-group size turned out to decrease cohesion and increase fear.

scholarly journals Ethnic Diversity, Social Trust and the Moderating Role of Subnational Integration Policy

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birte Gundelach ◽  
Anita Manatschal
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Integration Policies ◽  
Mere Existence ◽  
The Impact

Increasing ethnic diversity and whether or not it impacts on social trust are highly debated topics. Numerous studies report a negative relationship between diversity and trust, particularly in the United States. A growing body of follow-up studies has examined the extent to which these findings can be transferred to Europe, but the results remain inconclusive. Moving beyond the discussion of the mere existence or absence of diversity effects on trust, this study is concerned with the moderation of this relationship. It addresses the neglected role of subnational integration policies influencing the impact of diversity on trust. Empirical tests not only indicate that integration policies moderate the relationship but also suggest that the influence of policies varies substantively according to the specific policy aspect under consideration.

Economic versus Cultural Differences: Forms of Ethnic Diversity and Public Goods Provision

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATE BALDWIN ◽  
JOHN D. HUBER
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Public Goods Provision ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Group Inequality ◽  
Cross National

Arguments about how ethnic diversity affects governance typically posit that groups differ from each other in substantively important ways and that these differences make effective governance more difficult. But existing cross-national empirical tests typically use measures of ethnolinguistic fractionalization (ELF) that have no information about substantive differences between groups. This article examines two important ways that groups differ from each other—culturally and economically—and assesses how such differences affect public goods provision. Across 46 countries, the analysis compares existing measures of cultural differences with a new measure that captures economic differences between groups: between-group inequality (BGI). We show that ELF, cultural fractionalization (CF), and BGI measure different things, and that the choice between them has an important impact on our understanding of which countries are most ethnically diverse. Furthermore, empirical tests reveal that BGI has a large, robust, and negative relationship with public goods provision, whereas CF, ELF, and overall inequality do not.

Are Immigrants Really Lacking Social Networking Skills? The Crucial Role of Reciprocity in Building Ethnically Diverse Networks

Sociology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Barwick
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Turkish Germans ◽  
Residents Attitudes ◽  
High Share

Increasing ethnic and social diversity in cities does not translate into diverse networks of urbanites. Particularly for white middle-classes in gentrified neighbourhoods, there is evidence on boundary drawing to ‘unwanted groups’ such as ethnic minorities and lower-classes. Rarely have these studies focused on the networks of ethnic minorities, the actual diversity-bringers. I will contribute to the understanding of why and under what circumstances diversity in neighbourhoods gets translated into people’s daily practices, hence also networks, by analysing those of middle-class Turkish-Germans in Berlin. Based on interviews and network analysis, I will show that a neighbourhood’s ethnic diversity, fellow residents’ attitudes towards diversity and the built environment play an important role in building category-crossing ties. Owing to a lack of reciprocity in establishing ties, Turkish-Germans in neighbourhoods with a high share of native-Germans actually have more ties to Turks than those in a more diverse neighbourhood.

scholarly journals The Role of Length of Residence and Selective Residential Mobility in Social Contact Formation in Ethnically Diverse Neighborhoods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Dochow-Sondershaus
Keyword(s):  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neighborhood Cohesion ◽  
Neighborhood Level

The association between local ethnic composition and social cohesion has received widespread scholarly attention. Studies consistently find negative associations between neighborhood-level ethnic diversity and neighborhood cohesion indicators. However, hypotheses are formulated statically, empirical analyses rely mostly on cross-sectional data, and scholars worry about potential selection effects into and out of neighborhoods. This study presents a way to overcome these issues. The article derives hypotheses about how individuals' contact with their neighbors develops over time. Then, it examines trajectories of contact experiences by asking a clearly defined causal question: How would contact develop due to ethnic composition if households did not leave their neighborhood? The findings show a substantial increase in perceived contact quality and the probability to visit neighbors after staying in a neighborhood for five years, particularly in neighborhoods with high shares of ethnic minorities. These findings are at odds with theoretical accounts that suggest “hunkering down” in diverse contexts. However, findings also suggest that perceptions of a cohesive community do not increase in diverse neighborhoods. Taken together, the findings indicate that basic social interaction guided by reciprocity and close individual contacts are possible in ethnically diverse contexts.

Party Leaders in the Czech Populist Parties and Movements

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
Michal Kubát ◽  
Maciej Hartliński
Keyword(s):  
Party Leaders ◽  
Official Position ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Significant Factors

AbstractThe aim of this article is to analyse the role and importance of leaders in the Czech populist parties and movements, as well as determining significant factors which condition their institutionalisation. The main focus will be placed on the role of leaders in establishing their respective parties, their formal position and intraparty selection processes in VV, ANO, SPD and ÚPD. Examples of actions taken by the leaders of ANO and SPD show that building populist parties on the foundation of the strong, formal and official position of the leader in their party as well as becoming open to more members prove effective when it comes to the discussed issues...

scholarly journals Wider-community Segregation and the Effect of Neighbourhood Ethnic Diversity on Social Capital: An Investigation into Intra-Neighbourhood Trust in Great Britain and London

Sociology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1011-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Laurence
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Models ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Community Segregation ◽  
Do So

Extensive research has demonstrated that neighbourhood ethnic diversity is negatively associated with intra-neighbourhood social capital. This study explores the role of segregation and integration in this relationship. To do so it applies three-level hierarchical linear models to two sets of data from across Great Britain and within London, and examines how segregation across the wider-community in which a neighbourhood is nested impacts trust amongst neighbours. This study replicates the increasingly ubiquitous finding that neighbourhood diversity is negatively associated with neighbour-trust. However, we demonstrate that this relationship is highly dependent on the level of segregation across the wider-community in which a neighbourhood is nested. Increasing neighbourhood diversity only negatively impacts neighbour-trust when nested in more segregated wider-communities. Individuals living in diverse neighbourhoods nested within integrated wider-communities experience no trust-penalty. These findings show that segregation plays a critical role in the neighbourhood diversity/trust relationship, and that its absence from the literature biases our understanding of how ethnic diversity affects social cohesion.

Segmental Volatility in Ethnically Divided Societies: (Re)assessing Party System Stability in Southeast Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Damir Kapidžić ◽  
Olivera Komar
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Party System ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
East European ◽  
Ethnic Parties ◽  
Stabilizing Factors

Abstract This article examines the role of ethnicity and ethnic parties as stabilizing factors in Southeast European party systems. It compares two ethnically divided countries in Southeast Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, where ethnic identities that form the political cleavage are firm, and Montenegro, where they are malleable. Theoretically, it addresses the debate between scholars who either find stability or instability in East European post-communist party systems. The article traces the role of ethnicity in the formation and development of electoral contests and compares the two cases by utilizing measures of block volatility, based on analysis of official electoral data. We argue that party systems in ethnically diverse countries are stable at the subsystems level, but unstable within them. In BiH, firm ethnic identity stabilizes the party system by limiting competition between blocks, leading to closure. Malleable ethnic identity in Montenegro opens competition to non-ethnic parties seeking to bridge ethnic divisions, leading to more instability. We find that party system dynamics in ethnically divided new democracies depend on identity rigidity and cleavage salience, in addition to levels of heterogeneity.

scholarly journals The Curvilinear Relationship Between Job Control and Voice: Role of Emotional Resistance to Change and Supervisor Developmental Feedback

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110278
Author(s):  
Xian Tiantian ◽  
Zhang Zhenduo ◽  
Xiao Huan ◽  
Xiu Jing ◽  
Jia Wentong
Keyword(s):  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Developmental Feedback ◽  
Emotional Resistance ◽  
Moderating Role

The purpose of this study was to delve into the underlying mechanism and contextual boundary condition of the U-shaped relationship between job control and voice at the episode level within the framework of conservation of resources theory. Adopting a two-wave experience sampling method, this study collected 265 matched cases nested in 53 Chinese employees for 5 consecutive days. By hierarchical linear regression, the U-shaped effect of job control on voice at the episode level was replicated. Furthermore, the mediating role of emotional resistance (ER) to change and to the moderating role of supervisor developmental feedback (SDF) was examined. Job control has a U-shaped effect on day-level voice and an inverted U-shaped effect on trait ER, which mediates the curvilinear relationship between job control and day-level voice. Daily SDF moderates the curvilinear relationship between job control and day-level voice such that daily SDF buffers the negative relationship between low job control and day-level voice, as well as amplifies the positive relationship between high job control and day-level voice. The current study unveils the mediating states and contextual boundary conditions of the curvilinear relationship between job control and day-level voice by testing the mediating role of ER and moderating role of SDF at the episode level, thereby further contributing to the literature on voice.

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