scholarly journals Wider-community Segregation and the Effect of Neighbourhood Ethnic Diversity on Social Capital: An Investigation into Intra-Neighbourhood Trust in Great Britain and London

Sociology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1011-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Laurence
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Models ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Community Segregation ◽  
Do So

Extensive research has demonstrated that neighbourhood ethnic diversity is negatively associated with intra-neighbourhood social capital. This study explores the role of segregation and integration in this relationship. To do so it applies three-level hierarchical linear models to two sets of data from across Great Britain and within London, and examines how segregation across the wider-community in which a neighbourhood is nested impacts trust amongst neighbours. This study replicates the increasingly ubiquitous finding that neighbourhood diversity is negatively associated with neighbour-trust. However, we demonstrate that this relationship is highly dependent on the level of segregation across the wider-community in which a neighbourhood is nested. Increasing neighbourhood diversity only negatively impacts neighbour-trust when nested in more segregated wider-communities. Individuals living in diverse neighbourhoods nested within integrated wider-communities experience no trust-penalty. These findings show that segregation plays a critical role in the neighbourhood diversity/trust relationship, and that its absence from the literature biases our understanding of how ethnic diversity affects social cohesion.

scholarly journals The Role of Foreign Credentials and Ethnic Ties in Immigrants’ Economic Performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Immigrant Men

The literature has identified foreign credential devaluations and the shifting origins of immigrants to non-European sources as two factors that explain why some immigrants earn more than others. This study uses data from the Ethnic Diversity Survey to see how foreign credentials affect immigrants’ earnings, and whether immigrants with disadvantaged foreign credentials may be able to use ethnic social capital to mitigate the negative effect. Substantial gross earnings disparities exist among immigrant men and women of different origins, but much difference is due to human capital variations and duration of work. The study produces three major findings. First, foreign credentials benefit majority member immigrants but penalize visible minority immigrants. Second, immigrant men and women who maintain weak ethnic ties earn more than their counterparts with strong ties, suggesting that the enabling capacity of social capital for immigrants has been overstated. Third, there is no evidence of ethnic social capital being able to mitigate the negative effect of a credential deficit.

Formal and Informal Social Capital in Germany: The Role of Institutions and Ethnic Diversity

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Levels ◽  
Peer Scheepers ◽  
Tim Huijts ◽  
Gerbert Kraaykamp
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Informal Social Capital

The role of organizational and social capital in the firm’s absorptive capacity

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Aribi ◽  
Olivier Dupouët
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Organizational Capital ◽  
Industrial Firms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Radical Innovations ◽  
The World ◽  
Expected Outcome ◽  
Do So

Purpose – This paper aims to ask the question of the contingency of a firm’s absorptive capacity upon the type of expected outcome. Thus, this paper looks at different expected outputs in terms of more or less radical innovations and sees if there are consequences on the absorptive process underpinning cognitive structures and processes, as embodied in its organizational and social capital. Design/methodology/approach – To do so, a qualitative study was conducted. In total, 23 persons in three French industrial firms were interviewed about their firm’s absorptive capacity. One of these firms aims at “new-to-the-firm” innovations, while the other two aim at “new-to-the-world” innovations. Findings – Results suggest that while “new-to-the-firm” innovations tend to favor the use of social capital, “new-to-the-world” innovations tend to rely more on organizational capital. These rather counterintuitive results are interpreted by the necessity to take into account other variables than knowledge distance in the absorption of new knowledge. In particular, complexity and time-length would call for greater use of organizational capital, while speed and reactivity would instead require greater use of social capital. Originality/value – This is to the best of the authors’ knowledge that one of the first study evidencing the contingent nature of the absorptive process. Further, results tend to show the form absorptive capacity takes depends not only on cognitive aspects but also on the particular environment the firm evolves in.

scholarly journals Contribution of language to the creation of corporate social capital

2019 ◽  
pp. 243-263
Author(s):  
Krishna S. Dhir
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Do So

With increased globalization of trade and business in a knowledge-based economy, and increasing diversification of the workforce, there is increasing pressure on multinational companies to report, and even measure, their social capital. This article explores the role of language in the creation of corporate social capital. The language used in a corporation is an asset, which creates value and corporate social capital in the use and exchange of ideas. Linguists have long attempted to assess the value of language as a commodity, but with little success. This article offers an approach to overcome this difficulty and to measure the value of language as an element of corporate social capital. To do so, it draws an analogy between the functions of language and functions of currency. The article goes on to suggest that multinational corporations should hold a portfolio of language skills, much as it does a portfolio of currencies.

Dynamic Managerial Capabilities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Ambrosini ◽  
Gulsun Altintas
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Dynamic Managerial Capabilities ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Managerial Capabilities ◽  
Do So

Dynamic managerial capabilities are a form of dynamic capabilities. They are concerned with the role of managers in refreshing and transforming the resource base of the firm so that it maintains and develops its competitive advantage and performance. To do so, managers must develop entrepreneurial activities. These activities consist of sensing and seizing opportunities and transforming the resource base. While most studies focus on the role of top managers and CEOs, entrepreneurial activities can occur throughout the organization. Mid- and lower-level managers can also sense opportunities emanating from the market. Managerial human capital, managerial social capital, and managerial cognition are the three main antecedents to dynamic managerial capabilities.

Tide-table of Liam Fox Liam Fox. Rising Tides: Facing the Challenges of a New Era. Heron Books, 2013.

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Hamlet Isakhanlı
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Small Space ◽  
New Era ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Western Democracy ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Do So

A book normally reflects the world of thoughts of its author. Drop by drop, the author’s life—joy and sadness, anger and love, concerns and wishes—soak into the book. In fiction, the identity of the author is in invisible form, not systemic, or clearly visible in one image; instead it may be distributed among several characters. Even though the author’s identity is allocated a small space in literature, it plays the role of salt to a meal: just a small amount of it melts into the food, but without it, the food is flavorless. In non-fiction, such as history or philosophy, the author analyzes facts and openly states his/her attitude towards them. These types of works, in contrast to literature, reveal the identity of the author throughout the book. If a work is based on serious research, the author tries to downplay his/her identity, to write with objectivity and maintain the principle of seeing everyone through the lens of equality. He/she avoids polarized views of “them” and “us,” as well as sympathy and antipathy; he/she writes with empathy (or rather, tries to do so; after all, authors are also human). However, there is one more type of work or possible author approach. In this case, the author writes to “our own” and tries to explain certain points to them, help them understand what awaits “us” in the future, and to draw lessons and conclusions from historical and current events. Rising Tides by Liam Fox can be placed in this last category. The author uses the word “us” in its narrow sense to mean Great Britain and in its broad sense to include Western democracy.

Religious Diversity, Social Cohesion, and the Role of Interfaith Cooperation in Resilient Global Cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Tony Banout ◽  
Brad Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
To Come ◽  
The City ◽  
Do So

Abstract The city of the future will have to come to terms with astronomical population growth comprised of individuals and communities that differ on matters of fundamental beliefs living in increasingly close proximity. The test will be whether religious diversity increasingly leads to clashing parochialisms or unlocks possibilities for human flourishing. With 7.5 billion people urbanized by 2050, cities simply must include attention to religious diversity, and the science of social capital and interfaith cooperation can inform the discourse of resiliency as humanity prepares. Ample sociological research supports the conclusion that societies thrive where and when they are able to build trusting relationships across lines of deep difference. The inverse failure to do so is a direct danger to civil peace. This article charts a path forward to building and sustaining those relationships in an urban setting.

scholarly journals Small RNAs and chromatin in the multigenerational epigenetic landscape of Caenorhabditis elegans

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1826) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Frolows ◽  
Alyson Ashe
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
The Past ◽  
Collaborative Efforts ◽  
Do So

For decades, it was thought that the only heritable information transmitted from one individual to another was that encoded in the DNA sequence. However, it has become increasingly clear that this is not the case and that the transmission of molecules from within the cytoplasm of the gamete also plays a significant role in heritability. The roundworm, Caenorhabditis elegans, has emerged as one of the leading model organisms in which to study the mechanisms of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI). Collaborative efforts over the past few years have revealed that RNA molecules play a critical role in transmitting transgenerational responses, but precisely how they do so is as yet uncertain. In addition, the role of histone modifications in epigenetic inheritance is increasingly apparent, and RNA and histones interact in a way that we do not yet fully understand. Furthermore, both exogenous and endogenous RNA molecules, as well as other environmental triggers, are able to induce heritable epigenetic changes that affect transcription across the genome. In most cases, these epigenetic changes last only for a handful of generations, but occasionally can be maintained much longer: perhaps indefinitely. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of RNA and histones in TEI, as well as making clear the gaps in our knowledge. We also speculate on the evolutionary implications of epigenetic inheritance, particularly in the context of a short-lived, clonally propagating species. This article is part of the theme issue ‘How does epigenetics influence the course of evolution?’

The Critical Role of Market Segmentation

2011 ◽  
pp. 162-177
Author(s):  
Thierry Rayna ◽  
Ludmila Striukova ◽  
Samuel Landau
Keyword(s):  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digital Audio ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
First Mover ◽  
Do So

The aim of this research is the investigate the role played by market segmentation, in general, and by the choice of initial market segment, in particular, in the ability of a product to cross the chasm. To do so, a theoretical framework, enabling to explain the ability of some firms to cross this chasm, while many others remain unsuccessful is developed. The key result of this research is that the choice of initial market segment has crucial importance as adoption in this segment can lead to a cascade of adoption in the other segments. To illustrate this proposition, three cases studies of an historical leader (Sony), a first mover (Archos) and a newcomer (Apple) in the market for digital audio players are presented.

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