scholarly journals The Role of Length of Residence and Selective Residential Mobility in Social Contact Formation in Ethnically Diverse Neighborhoods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Dochow-Sondershaus
Keyword(s):  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neighborhood Cohesion ◽  
Neighborhood Level

The association between local ethnic composition and social cohesion has received widespread scholarly attention. Studies consistently find negative associations between neighborhood-level ethnic diversity and neighborhood cohesion indicators. However, hypotheses are formulated statically, empirical analyses rely mostly on cross-sectional data, and scholars worry about potential selection effects into and out of neighborhoods. This study presents a way to overcome these issues. The article derives hypotheses about how individuals' contact with their neighbors develops over time. Then, it examines trajectories of contact experiences by asking a clearly defined causal question: How would contact develop due to ethnic composition if households did not leave their neighborhood? The findings show a substantial increase in perceived contact quality and the probability to visit neighbors after staying in a neighborhood for five years, particularly in neighborhoods with high shares of ethnic minorities. These findings are at odds with theoretical accounts that suggest “hunkering down” in diverse contexts. However, findings also suggest that perceptions of a cohesive community do not increase in diverse neighborhoods. Taken together, the findings indicate that basic social interaction guided by reciprocity and close individual contacts are possible in ethnically diverse contexts.

scholarly journals Estimating Diversity Effects in the Neighborhood: On the Role of Ethnic Diversity and Out-group Size and their Associations with Neighborhood Cohesion and Fear of Crime

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Glas ◽  
Roel Jennissen ◽  
Godfried Engbersen
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Neighborhood Cohesion ◽  
Diversity Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diversity Effects

AbstractThis study considers and simultaneously tests the role of ethnic diversity and out-group size in relation to individuals’ perceptions of neighborhood cohesion and fear of crime among natives in Dutch neighborhoods. We challenge the way the impact of diversity has been studied previously and propose an alternative measure to examine diversity effects. This results in a better understanding of how and why the ethnic composition of a neighborhood may impact levels of cohesion and fear, and thereby contributes to the literature on the societal effects of ethnic diversity. In addition, attention is paid to the association between cohesion and fear and whether neighborhood cohesion mediates the relationship between ethnic diversity and fear of crime. We apply multilevel equation modeling techniques to analyze the different relationships and use data of the Dutch Safety Monitor (N = 71,760) in combination with detailed register data. Our study is one of the first to detect a diversity effect on cohesion based on the modified diversity measure. We do not find support for the hypothesized diversity effect on fear of crime. Lastly, out-group size turned out to decrease cohesion and increase fear.

scholarly journals Light-Rail Investment in Seattle: Gentrification Pressures and Trends in Neighborhood Ethnoracial Composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris L. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Transportation Investment ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
Demographic Trajectories

Research often finds a positive relationship between public transportation investment and gentrification in nearby neighborhoods. This dynamic is particularly important in urban contexts that plan for transit-oriented development and creating future “walkability.” In this study, I demonstrate a link between transit investment and changing neighborhood racial and ethnic composition, using a case study of the recent light-rail project in Seattle, Washington. Descriptive analyses and difference-in-difference models suggest that affected neighborhoods in Seattle experienced rising shares of non-Hispanic Whites following the start of light-rail construction, while neighborhoods at the suburban periphery of the line saw substantial growth in racial and ethnic diversity. These findings highlight the role of transit infrastructure in restructuring demographic trajectories of nearby neighborhoods and contribute evidence about shifting patterns of residential segregation in the area around the transit line.

Are Immigrants Really Lacking Social Networking Skills? The Crucial Role of Reciprocity in Building Ethnically Diverse Networks

Sociology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Barwick
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Turkish Germans ◽  
Residents Attitudes ◽  
High Share

Increasing ethnic and social diversity in cities does not translate into diverse networks of urbanites. Particularly for white middle-classes in gentrified neighbourhoods, there is evidence on boundary drawing to ‘unwanted groups’ such as ethnic minorities and lower-classes. Rarely have these studies focused on the networks of ethnic minorities, the actual diversity-bringers. I will contribute to the understanding of why and under what circumstances diversity in neighbourhoods gets translated into people’s daily practices, hence also networks, by analysing those of middle-class Turkish-Germans in Berlin. Based on interviews and network analysis, I will show that a neighbourhood’s ethnic diversity, fellow residents’ attitudes towards diversity and the built environment play an important role in building category-crossing ties. Owing to a lack of reciprocity in establishing ties, Turkish-Germans in neighbourhoods with a high share of native-Germans actually have more ties to Turks than those in a more diverse neighbourhood.

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Diversity in Academic Public Health: 20-Year Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody S. Goodman ◽  
Christine M. Plepys ◽  
Jemar R. Bather ◽  
Rita M. Kelliher ◽  
Cheryl G. Healton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Native American ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Public Health Workforce ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Objective: This study is a follow-up to an examination of the racial/ethnic composition of public health students (1996) and faculty (1997) at schools of public health that was conducted 20 years ago. We examined data on the race/ethnicity of students, graduates, and faculty among Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH)–member institutions during 2016-2017 and how these data have changed in the past 20 years. Methods: We obtained data on the race/ethnicity of students (in 1996 and 2016), graduates (in 1996 and 2016), and faculty (in 1997 and 2017) at ASPPH-member institutions from the ASPPH Data Center. We tabulated frequencies, percentages, and 20-year percentage-point changes by race/ethnicity. We examined data for all current ASPPH-member institutions and for comparable subcohorts of 1996 and 1997 member institutions that are current ASPPH members. Results: In graduate student enrollment, the 20-year increase in each nonwhite racial/ethnic subgroup was ≤5 percentage points. Among tenured faculty, the 20-year increase was greatest among Asians (8 percentage points) but was <3 percentage points for black, Hispanic, and Native American faculty. Conclusions: The increasing racial/ethnic diversity among students, graduates, and faculty in schools and programs of public health contributes to parallel increases in racial/ethnic diversity in the public health workforce. Schools and programs of public health should recruit clusters of racial/ethnic minority students using holistic application review processes, provide enrolled students with racially/ethnically diverse role models and mentors, and dedicate staffing to ensure a student-centered approach. In addition, those who mentor racially/ethnically diverse students and junior faculty should be rewarded.

Bullying in German boarding schools: A pilot study

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens P. Pfeiffer ◽  
Martin Pinquart
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Relational Victimization ◽  
Day Schools ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Adolescents who attend boarding schools share more time with peers than do students from day schools which, in turn, could provide more opportunities for bullying. Furthermore, some students attend boarding schools because of former social problems. In order to analyse the role of these factors, we examined the bullying behaviour of 706 German adolescents at boarding and day schools in a cross-sectional design. Adolescents at boarding schools showed higher levels of bullying by comparison to adolescents in day schools. Elevated levels of overt bullying in boarding schools could be explained by selection effects. In addition, more time spent with peers was associated with elevated levels of relational victimization. Furthermore, being overtly bullied showed stronger negative associations with life-satisfaction in students from boarding school than in students living at home.

scholarly journals Maintaining ethnic dominance: Diversity, power, and violent repression

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 640-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasse Lykke Rørbæk ◽  
Allan Toft Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Ethnic Affiliation ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Republic

While ethnically diverse countries are generally believed to be more violent than homogenous ones, previous research has been unable to establish a clear connection between ethnic diversity and violent repression. We argue that political authorities’ tendency to violently repress their citizens cannot be explained by the ethnic composition of society per se but by the power distribution between ethnic groups. In a global sample of countries for the period 1977–2010, we find statistical evidence that the level of violent repression increases with the share of the population excluded from state power on the basis of ethnic affiliation. We combine this with a case study of the Republic of Guinea and conclude that political authorities come to see excluded ethnic groups as threats and rely on violent repression to maintain their ethnic dominance.

Relative deprivation and ‘the diversity effect’ in explaining neighbourhood attachment: Alternative or complementary mechanisms?

Urban Studies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 984-990
Author(s):  
Agata Górny ◽  
Sabina Toruńczyk-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Economic Diversity ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Diversity Effect ◽  
Diversity Effects ◽  
Negative Link

In a 2014 paper, we demonstrated that the negative relationship between ethnic diversity and neighbourhood attachment was moderated by interethnic ties differently for migrants and natives living in ethnically diverse neighbourhoods. In this article, we respond to the Comment on our paper by Oded Stark, who proposes to interpret our findings within the framework of relative deprivation theory, and to explain the different results for migrants and natives by different preferences for diversity and resulting self-selection processes among the two groups. We argue that explaining the negative link between ethnic diversity and neighbourhood attachment by a distaste for relative deprivation is problematic given the intricacies of relationships between ethnic diversity, economic diversity, economic inequality and neighbourhood attachment. We note that employing the concept of relative deprivation in the analyses of ethnic diversity effects should acknowledge the role that interethnic ties play in the way natives and migrants define their reference groups. We also claim that preferences for diversity are unlikely to constitute a substantial basis for residential selection among migrants and natives, given the role of structural and socio-psychological factors in residential choices.

scholarly journals Moving to Diversity: Residential Mobility, Changes in Ethnic Diversity, and Concerns About Immigration

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bram Lancee ◽  
Merlin Schaeffer
Keyword(s):  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Null Effect

Studies on ethnic diversity and social cohesion are predominantly cross-sectional. Relying on longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and applying a differences-in-differences design, this paper investigates how the event of moving to a more or less diverse neighbourhood affects people’s opinions about immigration up. This longitudinal design not only excludes reverse causality, but also renders unobserved heterogeneity a very unlikely alternative explanation. We show that individuals who move to a more diverse neighborhood are about 13% more likely to become very concerned about immigration. This effect remains even three years after the move. Because individuals who move to equal or lower diversity neighborhoods do not change their attitudes, it is not the event of moving as such that makes people more negative towards out-groups. Moreover, this study is the first to investigate whether previous experiences with diversity eliminate any threat effects of moving to a more diverse place. Interestingly, our results lend only partial support for this hypothesis, since those who to the top 15 per cent most diverse neighborhoods generally do not change their views. We consider whether this particular null-effect might be due to ‘threat immunity’ of such movers. Our sensitivity analyses questions this objection and instead suggests that populations often thought to be immune to threat seem to respond similarly.

Patching the Melting Pot: Sociability in Facebook Groups for Engagement, Trust, and Perceptions of Difference

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon C. Bouchillon
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Civic Life ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Bridging Social Capital ◽  
First Results ◽  
Neighborhood Level ◽  
Mass Erosion

The more racial or ethnic diversity a person lives around in America, the less likely they are to take part in civic life, or to profess feelings of trust for the average person. Differences have instead become reasons to pull back, prompting a mass erosion of social capital, by undermining social contact. The present study moves the conversation online, to the Facebook group setting in particular, as a means of highlighting shared interests while downplaying other differences at first. Results of a national web survey ( N = 1,005) indicate the use of Facebook groups for meeting new people relates to civic participation, along with added weak-tie discussions, which spill over to participation again indirectly. Sociability use of Facebook groups is also a source of bridging social capital, or having more active weak ties upon which to draw, and this contributes to trusting in people. Localized diversity becomes a reason to trust as well, but only for sociable Facebook group users. Less sociable users still mistrust at the sight of difference, but online social efforts appear to swing the direction of influence, for converting neighborhood-level racial and ethnic diversity into trust.

The Effect of Weather on Assault

2021 ◽  
pp. 001391652110146
Author(s):  
Jonathan Corcoran ◽  
Renee Zahnow
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Risky Facilities ◽  
Demographic Context ◽  
Local Weather ◽  
Neighborhood Level

This paper examines the role of local weather conditions in explaining variations in assault, in sub-tropical Brisbane, Australia. It details the extent to which local variations in weather are important in shaping the necessary preconditions for assault to take place. Results suggest that higher daily temperatures are associated with an increased propensity for assault at the neighborhood level after controlling for seasonal effects. Assaults occur significantly less frequently in summer than in spring and there is a greater propensity for assaults to occur on weekends compared to weekdays. Neighborhood disadvantage, ethnic diversity, and the presence of risky facilities such bars, schools, or shops increased the propensity for assault above and beyond the effect of temperature. Findings are important in their capacity to isolate the effect of the prevailing local weather conditions whilst controlling for seasonal variations, land use, and the socio-economic and demographic context within which assaults took place.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document