scholarly journals The Role of Residential Segregation in Explaining Racial Gaps in Childhood and Adolescent Obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Ryabov
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Hispanic White

The present study used nationally representative data from the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) merged with census-track data from the American Community Survey (ACS) to model race-ethnic disparities in overweight, obesity, and obesity-related disease among children and adolescents as a function of neighborhood race-ethnic segregation, socio-economic status, household size and structure, family history of obesity, and other important predictors. Results indicate that African American and Hispanic children and adolescents are more likely to suffer from obesity and obesity-related disease than their non-Hispanic White peers. We also found that race-ethnic segregation proxied by the Index of Dissimilarity has a strong and negative effect on the weight status and health outcomes mentioned above. Moreover, race-ethnic segregation appears to explain up to 20% of the difference between minority children and their non-Hispanic White peers in the prevalence rate of overweight, obesity, and obesity-related disease.

Racial-ethnic disparities in pain intensity and interference among middle-aged and older U.S. adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulin Yang ◽  
M Carrington Reid ◽  
Hanna Grol-Prokopczyk ◽  
Karl Pillemer
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Pain Interference ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Pain Experiences ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hispanic White

Abstract Background This study aims to better understand differing pain experiences across U.S. racial/ethnic subgroups by estimating racial-ethnic disparities in both pain intensity and domain-specific pain-related interference. To address this issue, we use a nationally-representative sample of non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic adults ages 50+ who report recently experiencing pain. Methods Using data from the 2010 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N=684), we conducted a series of multivariate analyses to assess possible racial/ethnic disparities in pain intensity and seven domains of pain interference, controlling for relevant sociodemographic variables and other health problems. Results Black and Hispanic participants reported higher pain intensity than White participants after controlling for socioeconomic status (SES) and other health conditions. Both Black and Hispanic individuals reported more domain-specific pain interference in bivariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, Black (vs. White) participants reported significantly higher levels of pain interference with family-home responsibilities, occupation, sexual behavior, and daily self-care. We did not find significant Hispanic-White differences in the seven pain interference domains, nor did we find Black-White differences in three domains (recreation, social activities, and essential activities). Conclusions Our findings highlight the need for using multi-dimensional measures of pain when assessing for possible pain disparities with respect to race/ethnicity. Future studies on pain interventions should consider contextualizing the pain experience across different racial subgroups to help pain patients with diverse needs, with the ultimate goal of reducing racial/ethnic disparities in pain.

Abstract MP046: Gestational Hypertension in Minorities: Can Racial and Ethnic Disparities Be Attributed to Socio-Economic Status?

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander V Sergeev ◽  
Christina M Nyirati
Keyword(s):  
White Women ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Hispanic White

Background: Gestational hypertension (GHTN) remains a compelling clinical and public health problem. It can increase risks of intrauterine growth restriction, low-birth weight, and stillbirth. Little is known about whether racial and ethnic minorities and lower socio-economic status (SES) population groups are more vulnerable to GHTN. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that racial and ethnic disparities in GHTN exist beyond the scope of SES-related health disparities. Methods: A case-control study of GHTN was conducted using the data of 114,298 births in the year 2010 in Ohio. The comprehensive births data were obtained from Ohio Department of Health. Cases were identified as those with GHTN. Controls were identified as those without GHTN. Mothers utilizing Medicaid or the Federal Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children were considered of low SES. Odds ratios of GHTN in relation to mother’s race, ethnicity, and SES were obtained using multivariable logistic regression (SAS software), adjusting for known confounders - gestational age, mother’s age, pre-pregnancy and pregnancy smoking status, pre-pregnancy or gestational diabetes, and plurality. Results: GHTN was statistically significantly associated with maternal race and ethnicity, even after adjustment for SES. Compared to non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks were more likely to develop GHTN (adjusted OR = 1.867, 95% CI 1.663–2.096, p<0.001), while Asian women were less likely to develop GHTN (adjusted OR = 0.538, 95% CI 0.426–0.679, p<0.001). Hispanic white women were less likely to develop GHTN than non-Hispanic white women, although the difference between them did not reach a conventional p<0.05 level of statistical significance (adjusted OR = 0.651, 95% CI 0.395–1.076, p=0.09). Adjusted for maternal race, ethnicity, age, and known clinical confounders, women of lower SES were more likely to develop GHTN (adjusted OR = 1.475, 95% CI 1.32–1.647, p<0.001). Conclusions: Non-Hispanic black women are at the highest risk of developing GHTN, while Asian women are at the lowest. The Hispanic paradox phenomenon extends to the issue of GHTN. Racial and ethnic disparities cannot be attributed to low SES only; other mechanisms need to be investigated further.

scholarly journals Weight Misperceptions and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Adolescent Female Body Mass Index

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona C. Krauss ◽  
Lisa M. Powell ◽  
Roy Wada
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
White Female ◽  
Adolescent Female ◽  
Weight Misperceptions ◽  
Hispanic White

This paper investigated weight misperceptions as determinants of racial/ethnic disparities in body mass index (BMI) among adolescent females using data from the National Survey of Youth 1997. Compared to their white counterparts, higher proportions of black and Hispanic adolescent females underperceived their weight status; that is, they misperceived themselves to have lower weight status compared to their clinically defined weight status. Compared to their black counterparts, higher proportions of white and Hispanic adolescent females misperceived themselves to be heavier than their clinical weight status. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis showed that accounting for weight misperceptions, in addition to individual and contextual factors, increased the total explained portion of the black-white female BMI gap from 44.7% to 54.3% but only slightly increased the total explained portion of the Hispanic-white gap from 62.8% to 63.1%. Weight misperceptions explained 13.0% of the black-white female BMI gap and 3.3% of the Hispanic-white female BMI gap. The regression estimates showed that weight underperceptions were important determinants of adolescent female BMI, particularly among black and Hispanic adolescents. Education regarding identification and interpretation of weight status may play an important role to help reduce the incidence and racial disparity of female adolescent obesity.

The costs of unpaid care: is there an education gradient in women’s time transfers to their parents?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody K. Waring
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Aging Parents ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
To Receive

Existing research conflicts on whether women with low socio-economic status transfer more or less resources to aging parents. This article uses a US sample of adult women (n = 5,238) from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a nationally representative survey that over-samples families of colour. Findings suggest that all education levels are equally likely to transfer any time to parents. However, women with low education are more likely to provide 100 or more hours per year and less likely to receive any time or money from parents. Taken together, women with low education are more likely to have unreciprocated transfers and fewer hours available for non-care work activities.

scholarly journals The contribution of at-home and away-from-home food to dietary intake among 2–13-year-old Mexican children

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 2559-2568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Smith Taillie ◽  
Myriam C Afeiche ◽  
Alison L Eldridge ◽  
Barry M Popkin
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
At Home

AbstractObjectiveAway-from-home foods have been shown to have lower nutritional quality and larger portion sizes than many foods prepared at home. We aimed to describe energy and nutrient intakes among 2–13-year-old Mexican children by eating location (at home and away from home), overall, by socio-economic status (SES) and by urbanicity.DesignDietary intake was collected via one 24 h recall in the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT). Location was reported for each food consumed. Results were adjusted for sex, day of recall, region, weight status, SES and urbanicity.SettingMexico (nationally representative).SubjectsChildren aged 2–5 years (n1905) and 6–13 years (n2868).ResultsChildren consumed the majority of daily energy at home (89% of 2–5-year-olds; 82 % of 6–13-year-olds). The most common away-from-home eating location was school (22 % of 2–5-year-olds; 43 % of 6–13-year-olds), followed by the street (14 % of 2–5-year-olds; 13 % of 6–13-year-olds). The most common foods consumed away from home were wheat/rice and corn mixed dishes, sugar-sweetened beverages, pastries/candy/desserts, milk (2–5-year-olds only) and salty snacks (6–13-year-olds). Multivariate models showed that high-SES 2–5-year-olds consumed 14 % of daily energy away from homev. 8 % among low-SES 2–5-year-olds, and high-SES 6–13-year-olds consumed 21 % of daily energy away from homev. 14 % among low-SES 6–13 year-olds. There were no differences by urban residence.ConclusionsAmong Mexican children, most foods and beverages were consumed at home. However, the percentage of foods consumed or purchased away from home increased with age and with SES.

scholarly journals Determinants of the prevalence and incidence of overweight in children and adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1870-1881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Plachta-Danielzik ◽  
Beate Landsberg ◽  
Maike Johannsen ◽  
Dominique Lange ◽  
Manfred James Müller
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Overweight Prevalence

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically analyse determinants of overweight prevalence and incidence in children and adolescents, as a basis of treatment and prevention.DesignCross-sectional and longitudinal data of the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study (KOPS).SettingSchools in Kiel, Germany.SubjectsCross-sectional data from 6249 students aged 5–16 years and 4-year longitudinal data from 1087 children aged 5–11 years. Weight status of students was assessed and familial factors (weight status of parents and siblings, smoking habits), social factors (socio-economic status, nationality, single parenting), birth weight as well as lifestyle variables (physical activity, media time, nutrition) were considered as independent variables in multivariate logistic regression analyses to predict the likelihood of the student being overweight.ResultsThe cross-sectional data revealed the prevalence of overweight as 18·3 % in boys and 19·2 % in girls. In both sexes determinants of overweight prevalence were overweight and obese parents, overweight siblings, parental smoking, single parenthood and non-German nationality. High birth weight and low physical activity additionally increased the risk in boys. High media time and low parental education were significant determinants in girls. Effect of media time was mediated by maternal weight status in boys as well as by socio-economic status and age in girls. From the longitudinal data, the 4-year cumulative incidence of overweight was 10·0 % in boys and 8·2 % in girls. Parental obesity, parental smoking and low physical activity were determinants of overweight incidence in boys, whereas paternal obesity increased the risk in girls.ConclusionsTreatment and prevention should address family and social determinants with a focus on physical activity and media use.

scholarly journals Gender and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Perception of Weight Status, Health Status and Diet Quality Among Adolescents in the USA (P04-114-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresia Mbogori ◽  
Tya Arthur ◽  
Kilee Kimmel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Weight Perception ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Body Weight Perception ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hispanic White

Abstract Objectives Body weight perception is associated with an individual's intention and likelihood to participate in healthy lifestyle behaviors such as healthy eating and physical activity. Significant gender and racial/ethnic disparities in body weight perception have been observed in adults but limited studies are available for adolescents. The objective of this study was to identify gender and racial/ethnic disparities in adolescent perception of their weight status, health status and the quality of their diet. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1737 adolescents (12–17 years) participating in the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) Study, an internet-based survey study sponsored by the National Cancer Institute. Adolescents reported their demographic characteristics and the perception of their, weight status, diet quality, health status, and the frequency with which they consumed common fruits and vegetables in a week. Results The average participant was a U.S. native (98%) and a non-Hispanic white (63.7%). Genders were distributed evenly with 48.1% male and 48.5% female. Male participants were more likely to perceive themselves as underweight as compared to the female participants (X2 = 48.6; P < 0.01). Similarly, more male participants considered their health to be excellent as compared to their female counterparts (X2 = 21.94; P < 0.001). There were no significant gender differences in perception of diet quality and frequency of consumption of fruit and vegetables. More non-Hispanic Blacks perceived themselves to be underweight as compared to their non-Hispanic White and Hispanic counterparts (X2 = 13.66 P < 0.01). There were more non-Hispanic blacks who considered their diet to be unhealthy as compared to the other racial/ethnic groups. There were no significant differences between race/ethnicity and perception of health status or frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables. Conclusions Like in adults, gender and racial/ethnic disparities in the adolescent perception of their weight status, health status and diet quality exist. Researchers and practitioners need to identify the causes of these disparities and effective ways of designing interventions that take into account the disparities. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Association of Maternal Obesity and Child Peer Victimization in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Li ◽  
Rong Fu ◽  
Hong Xue ◽  
Youfa Wang
Keyword(s):  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Peer Relations ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
White Children ◽  
Courtesy Stigma ◽  
Nationally Representative

Drawing on the intergenerational stress proliferation theory, the courtesy stigma thesis, and the buffering ethnic culture thesis, this study examines the association between maternal obesity and child’s peer victimization and whether this association varies for white and black children. Based on longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of mother–child pairs in the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics Child Development Supplement, negative binomial models show that maternal obesity is associated with increased frequency of peer victimization, even after controlling for family socioeconomic status, child weight status, health status, self-esteem, and demographic characteristics. The association was significant only for white children. Given the developmental significance of child peer relations and the social disparities in obesity, future studies need to explicitly test causal mechanisms underlying the association to decide whether obesity may function as a family stressor (versus an individual stressor) that contributes to the intergenerational reproduction of inequality.

Migration and the Internet

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas John Cooke ◽  
Ian Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Dynamics Models

It is widely presumed that information and communication technologies, or ICTs, enable migration in several ways; primarily by reducing the costs of migration. However, a reconsideration of the relationship between ICTs and migration suggests that ICTs may just as well hinder migration; primarily by reducing the costs of not moving.  Using data from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics, models that control for sources of observed and unobserved heterogeneity indicate a strong negative effect of ICT use on inter-state migration within the United States. These results help to explain the long-term decline in internal migration within the United States.

scholarly journals Examining Recent Trends in the Racial Disparity Gap in Tap Water Consumption: NHANES 2011–2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Asher Y. Rosinger ◽  
Anisha I. Patel ◽  
Francesca Weaks
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objective As tap water distrust has grown in the US with greater levels among Black and Hispanic households, we aimed to examine recent trends in not drinking tap water including the period covering the US Flint Water Crisis and racial/ethnic disparities in these trends. Design Cross-sectional analysis. We used log-binomial regressions and marginal predicted probabilities examined US nationally-representative trends in tap and bottled water consumption overall and by race/ethnicity. Setting The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 2011–2018. Participants Nationally-representative sample of 9,439 children aged 2-19 and 17,268 adults. Results Among US children and adults, respectively, in 2017-2018 there was a 63% (adjusted prevalence ratio [PR]:1.63, 95%CI: 1.25-2.12, p<0.001) and 40% (PR:1.40, 95%CI: 1.16-1.69, p=0.001) higher prevalence of not drinking tap water compared to 2013-2014 (pre-Flint Water Crisis). For Black children and adults, the probability of not drinking tap water increased significantly from 18.1% (95%CI: 13.4-22.8) and 24.6% (95%CI: 20.7-28.4) in 2013–14 to 29.3% (95%CI: 23.5-35.1) and 34.5% (95%CI: 29.4-39.6) in 2017–2018. Among Hispanic children and adults, not drinking tap water increased significantly from 24.5% (95%CI: 19.4-29.6) and 27.1% (95%CI: 23.0-31.2) in 2013-14 to 39.7% (95%CI: 32.7-46.8) and 38.1% (95%CI: 33.0-43.1) in 2017-2018. No significant increases were observed among Asian or white persons between 2013-14 and 2017-18. Similar trends were found in bottled water consumption. Conclusions This study found persistent disparities in the tap water consumption gap from 2011–2018. Black and Hispanics’ probability of not drinking tap water increased following the Flint Water Crisis.

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