School Disorder and Dropping Out: The Intersection of Gender, Race, and Ethnicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony A. Peguero ◽  
Gabriel J. Merrin ◽  
Jun Sung Hong ◽  
Kecia R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
School Level ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
School Disorder ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

A growing body of research is exploring the affects school disorder has on educational progress. It is also known that educational success and failure are linked to gender, racial, and ethnic disparities. Other issues, however, remain less explored. For example, how do perceptions of individual adolescents about disorder affect behavior? Or whether or how school-level physical and social disorder are related to gender, racial, and ethnic disparities. Do any of these factors affect the likelihood of dropping out? This study draws from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002, with a focus on a subsample consisting of Black/African American, Latina/o American, Asian American, Native American, multiracial American, and White American public school students in 580 public schools. We analyze the role school disorder has on dropping out, among racial and ethnic minority adolescents. The results suggest that, in general, school disorder has greater influence among racial and ethnic minority youth.

scholarly journals Trends in racial and ethnic disparities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes among nursing home residents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yue Li ◽  
Xueya Cai ◽  
Yunjiao Mao ◽  
Zijing Cheng ◽  
Helena Temkin-Greener
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate trends in racial and ethnic disparities in weekly cumulative rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths in Connecticut nursing homes. Design: Longitudinal analysis of nursing-home COVID-19 reports and other databases. Multivariable negative binomial models were used to estimate disparities in COVID-19 incidence and fatality rates across nursing-home groups with varying proportions of racial and ethnic minority residents, defined as low-, medium-, medium-high-, and high-proportion groups. Trends in such disparities were estimated from week 1 (April 13) to week 10 (ending on June 19, 2020). Setting: The study was conducted across 211 nursing homes. Results: The average number of cases ranged from 6.1 cases per facility for the low-proportion group to 11.7 cases per facility for the high-proportion group in week 1, and from 26.7 to 58.5 cases per facility in week 10. Compared to the low-proportion group, the adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for the high-proportion group were 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–1.80; P > .10) in week 1 and 1.54 (95% CI, 1.05–2.25; P < .05) in week 10, showing a 30% (95% CI, 5%–62%) relative increase (P < .05). The average weekly number of COVID-19–related deaths ranged from 0 to 0.3 deaths per facility for different groups in week 1, and from 7.6 to 13.3 deaths per facility in week 10. Adjusted disparities in fatalities similarly increased over time. Conclusions: Connecticut nursing homes caring for predominately racial and ethnic minority residents tended to have higher COVID-19 incidence and fatality rates. These across-facility disparities increased during the early periods of the pandemic.

Gender Nonbinary Mental Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 295-304
Author(s):  
Lore M. Dickey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Native American ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Global South ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
American People ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Nonbinary Gender ◽  
And Training ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

In this chapter the author explores the mental health of those with nonbinary gender identities and focuses on the issues they face. The author defines nonbinary identities and discusses how these identities are different than people who have binary identities. There is a summary of the extant psychological literature focusing on people with nonbinary identities. Attention is also brought to how racial and ethnic minority individuals, including Native American people, conceptualize nonbinary identities. The chapter ends with information about the lack of attention to the Global South and the need for additional research and training in the mental health of those with nonbinary identities.

scholarly journals Impact of ethnic density on adult mental disorders: narrative review

2012 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Shaw ◽  
Karl Atkin ◽  
Laia Bécares ◽  
Christo B. Albor ◽  
Mai Stafford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
American People ◽  
Ethnic Density ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
Multilevel Studies

BackgroundThe ‘ethnic density hypothesis' is a proposition that members of ethnic minority groups may have better mental health when they live in areas with higher proportions of people of the same ethnicity. Investigations into this hypothesis have resulted in a complex and sometimes disparate literature.AimsTo systematically identify relevant studies, summarise their findings and discuss potential explanations of the associations found between ethnic density and mental disorders.MethodA narrative review of studies published up to January 2011, identified through a systematic search strategy. Studies included have a defined ethnic minority sample; some measure of ethnic density defined at a geographical scale smaller than a nation or a US state; and a measure ascertaining mental health or disorder.ResultsA total of 34 papers from 29 data-sets were identified. Protective associations between ethnic density and diagnosis of mental disorders were most consistent in older US ecological studies of admission rates. Among more recent multilevel studies, there was some evidence of ethnic density being protective against depression and anxiety for African American people and Hispanic adults in the USA. However, Hispanic, Asian–American and Canadian ‘visible minority’ adolescents have higher levels of depression at higher ethnic densities. Studies in the UK showed mixed results, with evidence for protective associations most consistent for psychoses.ConclusionsThe most consistent associations with ethnic density are found for psychoses. Ethnic density may also protect against other mental disorders, but presently, as most studies of ethnic density have limited statistical power, and given the heterogeneity of their study designs, our conclusions can only be tentative.

School-Based Activities, Misbehavior, Discipline, and Racial and Ethnic Disparities

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lorraine Latimore ◽  
Anthony A. Peguero ◽  
Ann Marie Popp ◽  
Zahra Shekarkhar ◽  
Dixie J. Koo
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Minority Youth ◽  
Ethnic Minority Youth ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

School-based discipline can negatively shape the educational outcomes of students, particularly for racial and ethnic minorities. Because racial and ethnic minority youth are at risk for educational failure and marginalized within schools, academic and sport extracurricular activities are often presented as a means to ameliorate educational risk factors. Little is known, however, about the relationship between involvement in these activities and school-based discipline, particularly for racial and ethnic minority youth. This study uses data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 and incorporates multilevel modeling techniques to examine whether the relationship between academic and sport extracurricular activities, misbehavior, and school-based discipline varies by race and ethnicity. This study suggests that while academic and sport extracurricular activities reduce the likelihood of school-based discipline for White students, the relationships for racial and ethnic minority are complex. The implications of the racial and ethnic disparity in school-based discipline in the United States are discussed.

Comparison of checkpoint inhibitor treatment-related cutaneous adverse events in racial and ethnic minority and Caucasian cohorts at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2632-2632
Author(s):  
Amaris Geisler ◽  
Dulce M. Barrios ◽  
Gregory Phillips ◽  
Rosa Nouvini ◽  
Mario E. Lacouture ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Native American ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Treatment Interruptions ◽  
Caucasian Cohort ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

2632 Background: Immune-related cutaneous adverse events (irCAEs) are the most common and often the first toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). In the general population, irCAEs occur on average within 3.6 weeks of treatment initiation and most commonly manifest as maculopapular rash, lichenoid rash, and pruritus. Less is known about these irCAEs in racial and ethnic minority patients. The purpose of this study is to compare the irCAEs of cohorts of Caucasian and racial and ethnic minority patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Methods: Herein, we conducted a retrospective chart review of racial and ethnic minority patients treated with CPIs between 2012-2019 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. irCAEs were graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0. These were compared to a Caucasian cohort matched by demographics and cancer therapy regimen. Results: One hundred ten racial and ethnic minority patients presented to dermatology for irCAEs. Our population consisted of 59 (53.6%) females and 51 (46.4%) males with a mean age of 59 (range 20-85). Of the patients who were seen by dermatology, 63/110 were Asian (57.3%) followed by 34/110 African American (30.9%), and 1 Native American. Twelve patients were of Hispanic ethnicity (10.9%), which included those of both African American and Caucasian race. The 110 patients that were evaluated by dermatology had 221 cutaneous adverse events. Rash (96, 43.4%), pruritus (40, 18.1%), and xerosis (23, 10.4%) were most frequently diagnosed (average time from treatment start to presentation was 125 days). Dermatology identified 87 (39.3%) grade 1, 103 (46.6%) grade 2, 30 (13.5%) grade 3, and 1 (0.4%) grade 4 events. There were 17 (15.5%) treatment interruptions, including 7 patients who required permanent discontinuation. In the Caucasian cohort, mean time to onset was 228 days (range 1-1500). Dermatology identified 48 (43.6%) grade 1, 44 (40.0%) grade 2, 18 (16.4%) grade 3, and 0 (0.0%) grade 4 events, with maculopapular rash (55, 50.0%) and pruritus (25, 22.7%) most frequently diagnosed. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that irCAEs occur frequently in cancer patients from racial and ethnic minority groups, with similar grade and morphology as Caucasian patients. When irCAEs develop in this population, the diagnosis occurred later than what has previously been reported, possibly due to these patients seeing MSK oncologists with an established dermatology consultation system and insight into how to manage these patients on their own. Prospective evaluation of underrepresented minorities receiving CPI therapy is warranted in order to identify risk factors and therapeutic strategies for these untoward events, so that optimal cancer care may be delivered.

Dermatologic diagnoses in oncology patients of color on anticancer therapy: Five-year retrospective review of outpatient dermatology consultations.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12084-12084
Author(s):  
Britney N. Wilson ◽  
Mary Sun ◽  
Mario E. Lacouture ◽  
Sarah Noor
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Vascular Insufficiency ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

12084 Background: Dermatologic toxicities from cancer treatments affecting patients from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds or skin of color (SOC) patients is an understudied area of research. These patients are also significantly underrepresented in therapeutic clinical trials, limiting complete understanding of toxicities associated with cancer therapies. Current treatment algorithms for dermatological adverse events (dAE) also do not take into account possible biologic differences in different skin types affecting toxicity presentation and treatment response. In this study we summarize the demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics of oncology patients from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds who developed dermatologic adverse events related to cancer therapies. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all SOC patients (Asian, Black, Hispanic) on active cancer therapy who received outpatient dermatology consultation at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019. Electronic health record information for 2917 patients was obtained. A computational keyword-based text analysis of medical chart text, developed in consultation with a board-certified dermatologist, was performed to determine dermatologic diagnoses categories for each patient. All analyses were conducted using R statistical programming software, version 4.2.06. Results: There were 2917 outpatient dermatology consultations. Our population consisted of 1992 (68.29%) females and 925 (31.71%) males with a mean age of 53 (range 0-97). There were 35.55% Black, 41.28% Asian, 1.02% (30) Native American or Alaskan Native, 0.17% (5) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. 729 were Hispanic ethnicity of which 641 were Caucasian. A total of 4,026 dermatologic diagnoses occurred in the study population. Bacterial infections were the most commonly observed, occurring in 15% of patients. Nail disorders were the second most common dAE, occurring in 14% of the study population, followed by eczema/eczematous reactions at 9%. In all racial groups, eczema/eczematous reactions, nail disorders, and dermatomyositis were in the top five most common observed dAEs. Asian patients made up the largest proportion of those who had morbilliform rash dAEs (55%) while Black patients made up the largest proportion of those with hyperpigmentation dAEs (54%) and vascular insufficiency dAEs (47%). Conclusions: The findings from our study indicate that pigmentary changes, bacterial infections, eczema/eczematous reactions, and nail disorders are the most common dAE types that occurred in our group of SOC patients. We hope to use this information to aid in the development of specific management strategies within the field of supportive oncodermatology to meet the needs of minority patient populations.

594 Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Burn Patient Outcomes: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S148-S149
Author(s):  
Jasmine N Peters ◽  
Mariel S Bello ◽  
Leigh J Spera ◽  
Justin Gillenwater ◽  
Haig A Yenikomshian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Native American ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Injury Outcomes ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

Abstract Introduction Racial and ethnic disparities in outcomes for surgical trauma populations has been an expanding field in recent years. Despite this, disparities in prevention, treatment, and recovery outcomes for burn patients of racial and ethnic minority backgrounds have not been well-studied. Our study aims to review the literature regarding risk factors and burn outcomes among racial and ethnic minority populations to develop culturally-tailored burn care for minority burn patients. Methods A systematic review of literature utilizing PubMed was conducted for articles published between 2000–2020. Searches were used to identify articles that crossed the burn term (burn patient OR burn recovery OR burn survivor OR burn care) and a race/ethnicity and insurance status-related term (race/ethnicity OR African-American OR Asian OR Hispanic OR Latino OR Native American OR Mixed race OR 2 or more races OR socioeconomic status OR insurance status). Inclusion criteria were English studies in the U.S. that discussed disparities in burn injury outcomes or burn injury risk factors associated with race/ethnicity. Results 1,031 papers were populated, and 38 articles were reviewed. 26 met inclusion criteria (17 for adult patients, 9 for pediatric patients). All but 4 of the included papers were written in the last 10 years. 17 of the 26 articles describe differences in outcomes or risk factors for Black Americans, 8 discuss Latinx, 5 discuss Native Americans, 3 discuss Asian Americans, and 1 referred to “Non-White” minorities, collectively. Majority of studies showed that racial and ethnic minorities (vs. Whites) exhibited poorer burn injury outcomes such as higher mortality rates, greater scar complications, and longer duration for length of stay. Conclusions Few studies exist on outcomes for minority burn populations. Interestingly, most have been published in the last 10 years, which may indicate a trend in increased awareness. There is also a discrepancy in which minorities are included in each study with the least amount of data collected on Asian, Latinx, and Native American communities. More research with a larger base of minority populations will help further investigate this problem and develop better culturally-appropriate burn treatment.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Inequities in Mortality During Hospitalization for Traumatic Brain Injury: A Call to Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma A. Richie ◽  
Joseph G. Nugent ◽  
Ahmed M. Raslan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

The health disparities which drive inequities in health outcomes have long plagued our already worn healthcare system and are often dismissed as being a result of social determinants of health. Herein, we explore the nature of these inequities by comparing outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI). We retrospectively reviewed all patients enrolled in the Trauma One Database at the Oregon Health &amp; Science University Hospital from 2006 to October 2017 with an abbreviated injury scale (AIS) for the head or neck &gt;2. Racial and ethnic minority patients were defined as non-White or Hispanic. A total of 6,352 patients were included in our analysis with 1,504 in the racial and ethnic minority cohort vs. 4,848 in the non-minority cohort. A propensity score (PS) model was generated to account for differences in baseline characteristics between these cohorts to generate 1,500 matched pairs. The adjusted hazard ratio for in-hospital mortality for minority patients was 2.21 [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.43–3.41, p &lt; 0.001] using injury type, probability of survival, and operative status as covariates. Overall, this study is the first to specifically look at racial and ethnic disparities in the field of neurosurgical trauma. This research has demonstrated significant inequities in the mortality of TBI patients based on race and ethnicity and indicates a substantive need to reshape the current healthcare system and advocate for safer and more supportive pre-hospital social systems to prevent these life-threatening sequelae.

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