scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Factors Associated With the Fear of COVID-19 Among Taiwanese Older People

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110555
Author(s):  
Yueh-Ping Li ◽  
Chung-Ying Lin ◽  
Yi-Jie Kuo ◽  
Yu-Pin Chen ◽  
Mark D. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Older People ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Outpatient Departments ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Positive Effect

Objectives: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, older people are threatened, and there may be different psychological responses toward COVID-19 between women and men. The present study explored the factors and gender differences related to the fear of COVID-19 among older women and men in Taiwan. Methods: Geriatric patients (n = 139; 42 men; mean age = 71.73 years) who visited outpatient departments were recruited. They self-reported demographic data and completed questions asking about (i) their fear of COVID-19, (ii) whether they paid attention to COVID-19 news, (iii) whether searched for COVID-19 news, (iv) whether they believed in COVID-19 news, and (v) their preventive COVID-19 behaviors. Results: Both women and men reported a low fear of COVID-19, paid close attention to COVID-19 news, and practiced good preventive COVID-19 infection behaviors. The perceived chance of COVID-19 infection was a significant factor contributing to the fear of COVID-19 among both women and men. Preventive behaviors had a positive effect in lowering the fear of COVID-19. News about COVID-19 had a negative effect in lowering the fear of the disease among women but not men. Conclusions: As the performing of preventive COVID-19 infection behaviors was associated with a lower fear of COVID-19, healthcare providers should consider strategies for improving preventive behaviors among older people to help ease their worries and fears concerning COVID-19.

scholarly journals Animal Welfare Attitudes: Effects of Gender and Diet in University Samples from 22 Countries

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1893
Author(s):  
Christoph Randler ◽  
Ana Adan ◽  
Maria-Mihaela Antofie ◽  
Arturo Arrona-Palacios ◽  
Manecas Candido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Gender Empowerment ◽  
Welfare Attitudes ◽  
And Gender

Animal Welfare Attitudes (AWA) are defined as human attitudes towards the welfare of animals in different dimensions and settings. Demographic factors, such as age and gender are associated with AWA. The aim of this study was to assess gender differences among university students in a large convenience sample from twenty-two nations in AWA. A total of 7914 people participated in the study (5155 women, 2711 men, 48 diverse). Participants completed a questionnaire that collected demographic data, typical diet and responses to the Composite Respect for Animals Scale Short version (CRAS-S). In addition, we used a measure of gender empowerment from the Human Development Report. The largest variance in AWA was explained by diet, followed by country and gender. In terms of diet, 6385 participants reported to be omnivores, 296 as pescatarian, 637 ate a vegetarian diet and 434 were vegans (n = 162 without answer). Diet was related with CRAS-S scores; people with a vegan diet scored higher in AWA than omnivores. Women scored significantly higher on AWA than men. Furthermore, gender differences in AWA increased as gender inequality decreased.

Not Quite Color Blind: Ethnic and Gender Differences in Attitudes toward Older People among College Students

2011 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah B. Laditka ◽  
James N. Laditka ◽  
Margaret M. Houck ◽  
Bankole A. Olatosi
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Older People ◽  
Color Blind ◽  
And Gender

Typical and Optimal Aging in Women and Men: Is There a Double Standard?

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Sara Canetto ◽  
Patricia L. Kaminski ◽  
Diane M. Felicio
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Older People ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Double Standard ◽  
Optimal Aging ◽  
And Gender

Gender stereotypes of typical and optimal, mentally healthy aging were examined with sixty-year-old and seventy-five-year-old women, men and gender-unspecified older people as target persons. Respondents were young adult individuals ( N = 232) and their older adult relatives/acquaintances ( N = 233). Perceptions of typical aging varied depending on the age of the respondent, the target gender and the target age. Gender stereotypes were more pronounced than age stereotypes: respondents described same-gender targets more similarly than same-age targets. Older women were rated higher on dimensions related to nurturance while older men were rated higher on intellectual competence and autonomy. Perceptions of optimal aging were not found to be affected by the gender of the respondent or target. Views of optimal aging, however, were influenced by respondent and target age. These findings suggest a double standard of aging for typical but not for optimal aging.

scholarly journals Gay and Lesbian Individuals’ Attitudes Toward the Death Penalty

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith G. F. Worthen ◽  
Susan F. Sharp ◽  
Forrest R. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Gay And Lesbian ◽  
Liberal Politics ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Gender

Research examining attitudes toward the death penalty has led to a variety of theoretical and practical implications that continue to inform both research and policy. While many studies have examined how race, class, and gender are related to attitudes toward the death penalty, there is a complete lack of literature regarding sexual orientation and attitudes toward the death penalty. This is quite surprising since demographic research suggests that gay and lesbian individuals (compared to heterosexual individuals) have significantly higher levels of education and may be much more likely to align with liberal politics (two things that have been found to be correlated with a lack of support for the death penalty). Furthermore, studies suggest that gender differences in attitudes toward capital punishment can be related to the fact that women are socialized to be more empathic than men; however, it is unclear how these gender differences in empathic concern may be related to death penalty attitudes among gay and lesbian individuals. In this exploratory analysis using the General Social Survey (years 2002 and 2004), the authors investigate gay and lesbian individuals’ attitudes toward the use of the death penalty. Preliminary findings indicate that similar to heterosexuals, the majority of gay and lesbian individuals support the death penalty; however, being a gay man exerts a significant negative effect on death penalty support. Furthermore, both empathic concern and political beliefs entirely mediate the effects of gender and sexual orientation on attitudes toward the death penalty.

Correlation between SES and BMI and gender-disparity of mediation of lifestyle among Chinese people aged 45 and over 

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xue ◽  
xiaohui ren
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Background: Previous studies suggested the relationship between SES and BMI is different in developing countries and developed countries and lifestyle is medication between SES and BMI. Little research focused on relationship between SES and BMI among the middle and the elderly and gender-disparity of mediation of lifestyle. Methods: The data for this study were obtained from the 2015 follow-up data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Structural equation model (SEM) was used to explore the relationships among SES, lifestyles and BMI. Results: Among men, the effect of SES on sleeping time and smoking were not statistically significant. SES had a direct positive effect on BMI (b=0.306, P<0.001). Smoking had a direct positive effect on BMI (b=0.180, P<0.001). Among women, SES had a direct negative effect on physical activity (b=-0.048, p<0.05), a direct positive on sleeping time (b=0.048, P<0.05), smoking (b=0.098, P<0.001) and BMI (b=0.168, P<0.001). Physical activity had a direct negative effect on BMI (b=-0.050, P<0.01). Sleeping time (b=0.066, p<0.001) and smoking (b=0.088, p<0.001) both had a direct positive effect on BMI. Conclusion: A positive relationship was found between SES and BMI both among middle and old men and women. The gender-disparity of mediation of lifestyle was existed.

Social Relationships and Inflammatory Markers in the MIDUS Cohort: The Role of Age and Gender Differences

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 904-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari J. Elliot ◽  
Kathi L. Heffner ◽  
Christopher J. Mooney ◽  
Jan A. Moynihan ◽  
Benjamin P. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender

Objective: To better understand age and gender differences in associations of social relationships with chronic inflammation. Method: Using a sample of middle-aged and older adults ( N = 963) from the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) biomarker project, we examined interactions of age and gender with structural and functional social network measures in predicting interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results: Significant interactions involving age and gender showed that social support was associated with lower IL-6 in older women, whereas perceived positive relationships and social integration were related to lower IL-6 in both men and women of advanced age. Functional measures were associated with higher CRP in both men and women after adjustment for health conditions and behaviors, with some further variation by age. Discussion: Greater social support may be related to lower IL-6 in older women. Further research is needed to understand observed associations of social support with higher CRP.

Grandparents and Grandchildren in Kwahu, Ghana: the Performance of Respect

Africa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjaak van der Geest
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Anthropological Fieldwork ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThis description of relations between grandparents and grandchildren in a rural Ghanaian community argues that the quality of these relations varies according to age and gender. Literature on African kinship has almost entirely focused on very young grandchildren. This article draws attention to changes that occur when those children grow into adolescents and adults. Grandchildren—both young and old—speak respectfully about their grandparents, but older people regret that their grandchildren do not come to them for advice once they have grown up. Older men seem more ‘neglected’ by their grandchildren than older women. The second argument is about performance: respect, affection and relatedness between grandparents and grandchildren are demonstrated in public even when their ‘contents’ have dwindled. The article is based on anthropological fieldwork over a period of almost ten years.

Relationship of age and gender to the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress in later life

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie E. Byles ◽  
Lucy Gallienne ◽  
Fiona M. Blyth ◽  
Emily Banks
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Older People ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackground:As populations age, psychological distress in late life will become of increasing public health and social importance. This study seeks to bridge the gap in information that exists about psychological distress in late life, by exploring the prevalence of psychological distress among a very large sample of older adults to determine the impact of age and gender, and the modifying effect of these factors on the associations between measures of psychological distress and sociodemographic and comorbid conditions.Methods:We analyzed self-reported data from 236,508 men and women in the New South Wales 45 and Up Study, to determine the impact of age and gender, and the modifying effects of these factors on associations between psychological distress and sociodemographic and comorbid conditions.Results:Higher education, married status, and higher income were associated with lower risk of psychological distress. Although overall prevalence of psychological distress is lower at older ages, this increases after age 80, and is particularly associated with physical disabilities. Some older people (such as those requiring help because of disability and those with multiple comorbid health conditions) are at increased risk of psychological distress.Conclusion:These findings have implications for both healthcare providers and policy-makers in identifying and responding to the needs of older people in our aging society.

Correlation between SES and BMI and gender-disparity of mediation of lifestyle among Chinese people aged 45 and over

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xue ◽  
Xiaohui Ren
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Background Previous studies suggested the relationship between SES and BMI is different in developing countries and developed countries and lifestyle is medication between SES and BMI. Little research focused on relationship between SES and BMI among the middle and the elderly and gender-disparity of mediation of lifestyle. Methods The data for this study were obtained from the 2015 follow-up data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Structural equation model (SEM) was used to explore the relationships among SES, lifestyles and BMI. Results Among men, the effect of SES on sleeping time and smoking were not statistically significant. SES had a direct positive effect on BMI (β=0.306, P<0.001). Smoking had a direct positive effect on BMI (β=0.180, P<0.001). Among women, SES had a direct negative effect on physical activity (β=-0.048, p<0.05), a direct positive on sleeping time (β=0.048, P<0.05), smoking (β=0.098, P<0.001) and BMI (β=0.168, P<0.001). Physical activity had a direct negative effect on BMI (β=-0.050, P<0.01). Sleeping time (β=0.066, p<0.001) and smoking (β=0.088, p<0.001) both had a direct positive effect on BMI. Conclusion A positive relationship was found between SES and BMI both among middle and old men and women. The gender-disparity of mediation of lifestyle was existed.

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