The Threat of Terrorism and Tourist Choice Behavior

The threat of terrorism is increasingly relevant to tourism on a global scale, and no destination can claim exemption. Tourism managers need to be aware of the impact that past, current, and future terrorism events have on tourist behavior. The aim of this research is to further our understanding as to how terrorism advisory information impacts tourists’ preferences for, and trade-offs between, specific aspects of their travel. The research uses a discrete choice experiment (DCE) embedded within a classic between-subjects experimental design. US-based respondents (n = 424) completed the experiment. A random parameter logit (RPL) model is calculated to understand how tourists’ preference structures change as the threat of terrorism intensifies taking into account travel knowledge, sensation seeking, and demographic factors. Results suggest that tourist’s travel choices in relation to accommodation, independent versus group travel, cancellation policy, and price vary significantly as the threat of terrorism increases.

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CONSUMER WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR TENNESSEE CERTIFIED BEEF

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/aae.2017.35 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 233-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

MEAGAN G. MERRITT ◽

KAREN LEWIS DELONG ◽

ANDREW P. GRIFFITH ◽

KIMBERLY L. JENSEN

Keyword(s):

Quality Assurance ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Logit Model ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Random Parameter ◽

Beef Quality ◽

Random Parameter Logit ◽

Beef Quality Assurance ◽

The Impact ◽

Random Parameter Logit Model

AbstractAlthough Tennessee has Advanced Master Beef Producer (AMBP) and Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) certifications for cattle producers, currently there is no state-certified beef labeling program. A choice experiment was administered to Tennessee consumers to determine their willingness to pay for Tennessee Certified Beef (TCB) and other attributes such as labels indicating producer participation in AMBP and BQA. Random parameter logit model results indicate consumers most valued TCB steak and no-hormones-administered ground beef. Consumers also valued many labels when appearing alongside the TCB label. The impact of providing participants label definitions prior to the choice experiment was examined.

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Discrete choice experiment for eliciting preference for health services for patients with ALS and their informal caregivers

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-021-06191-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Katy Tobin ◽

Sinead Maguire ◽

Bernie Corr ◽

Charles Normand ◽

Orla Hardiman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Discrete Choice Experiment ◽

Discrete Choice ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Strong Preference ◽

Multidisciplinary Teams ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Als Patients ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition with a mean life expectancy of 3 years from first symptom. Understanding the factors that are important to both patients and their caregivers has the potential to enhance service delivery and engagement, and improve efficiency. The Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) is a stated preferences method which asks service users to make trade-offs for various attributes of health services. This method is used to quantify preferences and shows the relative importance of the attributes in the experiment, to the service user. Methods A DCE with nine choice sets was developed to measure the preferences for health services of ALS patients and their caregivers and the relative importance of various aspects of care, such as timing of care, availability of services, and decision making. The DCE was presented to patients with ALS, and their caregivers, recruited from a national multidisciplinary clinic. A random effects probit model was applied to estimate the impact of each attribute on a participant’s choice. Results Patients demonstrated the strongest preferences about timing of receiving information about ALS. A strong preference was also placed on seeing the hospice care team later rather than early on in the illness. Patients also indicated their willingness to consider the use of communication devices. Grouping by stage of disease, patients who were in earlier stages of disease showed a strong preference for receipt of extensive information about ALS at the time of diagnosis. Caregivers showed a strong preference for engagement with healthcare professionals, an attribute that was not prioritised by patients. Conclusions The DCE method can be useful in uncovering priorities of patients and caregivers with ALS. Patients and caregivers have different priorities relating to health services and the provision of care in ALS, and patient preferences differ based on the stage and duration of their illness. Multidisciplinary teams must calibrate the delivery of care in the context of the differing expectations, needs and priorities of the patient/caregiver dyad.

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Taste Beats Reputation in New Food Products Choice: The Case of Ready-to-Eat Pomegranate among Young Consumers in Veneto Region (Italy)

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7070179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 179

Author(s):

Alice Stiletto ◽

Erika Rozzanigo ◽

Elisa Giampietri ◽

Samuele Trestini

Keyword(s):

Discrete Choice ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Consumer Preferences ◽

Random Parameter ◽

Food Products ◽

Sensory Features ◽

Young Consumers ◽

Random Parameter Logit ◽

Italian Origin ◽

Random Parameter Logit Model

This study investigates the preferences for ready-to-eat pomegranate arils in Italy through a discrete choice experiment (DCE) on 264 young consumers in Italy. The aim is to estimate consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the reputational attributes of the product (e.g., the product origin and sales channel) and to discriminate the elicited preferences between tasting and non-tasting situations. To this purpose, a random parameter logit model was employed to assess the heterogeneity in consumer preferences. The results suggest that non-tasters attach a relevant value to the reputational attributes (e.g., +75% WTP for Italian origin). Moreover, considering the sensory features of the products, we found that consumers in this group discriminate against the proposed samples only through their visual characteristics: they prefer the sample with the largest size and red colored arils. In addition, we found that the tasting experience reduced the value attached to the reputational attributes (e.g., −50% WTP for local origin) for consumers, compared to non-tasting situation, thus shifting their preference to the samples that they appreciated the most (high liking). Specifically, we found that consumers in the tasting group preferred the product sample with the highest level of sweetness and the lowest level of sourness and astringency, showing a higher preference for sweetness. The findings contribute to the literature on consumers’ behavior on new food products (NFPs), showing that reputational attributes lose value after the tasting experience. In contrast, the sensory features of the NFPs can help tasters to reduce the information asymmetry, which traditionally represents a hurdle in purchases for new consumers. However, this depends on the individuals’ subjective preferences, as demonstrated by the significant effect of liking levels in discriminating consumers’ choices. To conclude, although these results cannot be extended to the general population, they may give some interesting insights about future trends of NFP demand.

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What are tourists willing to pay for securing the survival of a flagship species? The case of protection of the Ethiopian wolf

Tourism Economics ◽

10.1177/1354816619880430 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 135481661988043 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tafesse Estifanos ◽

Maksym Polyakov ◽

Ram Pandit ◽

Atakelty Hailu ◽

Michael Burton

Keyword(s):

Protected Area ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

National Park ◽

Prior Experience ◽

Random Parameter ◽

Wolf Population ◽

Existence Value ◽

Random Parameter Logit ◽

Unique Species ◽

Random Parameter Logit Model

Ecotourism can be an important tool for protecting biodiversity in developing countries. Tourists have preferences for viewing charismatic species and for their conservation, but our understanding of these preferences remains limited. Using choice experiment surveys, we investigate tourists’ preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for the protection of the Ethiopian wolf ( Canis simensis) in Ethiopia’s Bale Mountains National Park. Results from a random parameter logit model show that tourists were willing to pay up to US$5.82/day/trip for increasing the wolf population from 200 to a more viable number of 250 but very little for a more substantial increase. Tourists also valued increases in the size of the protected area (PA) and access to the wolf habitat. The WTP is found to be dependent on tourists’ prior experience to Ethiopian PAs and whether they had viewed other unique species in the park. The findings suggest opportunities for ecotourism to support the Ethiopian wolf, which is in a critical state, and that the primary motivation for tourists’ support might be due to the wolf’s existence value.

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A Comparison of Choice Experiments and Actual Grocery Store Behavior: An Empirical Application to Seafood Products

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/s107407080000016x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 49-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Darren Hudson ◽

R. Karina Gallardo ◽

Terrill R. Hanson

Keyword(s):

Choice Experiment ◽

Econometric Model ◽

Mail Survey ◽

Random Parameter ◽

Grocery Store ◽

Multinomial Probit ◽

Conditional Logit ◽

Market Shares ◽

Seafood Products ◽

Random Parameter Logit

In this paper we compare results from an in-store field experiment and a mail survey choice experiment (CE) to investigate CE's capacity in predicting grocery store market share. For the comparison, we used three seafood products: freshwater prawns, marine shrimp, and lobster. CE estimates were obtained via four econometric models: the conditional logit, the random parameter logit, the heteroskedastic extreme value, and the multinomial probit. We found that the level of control in the grocery store experiment and the choice of econometric model influenced the capacity of CE to predict grocery store market shares.

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Route Choice Behavior: Understanding the Impact of Asymmetric Preference on Travelers’ Decision Making

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym11010066 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 66 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kai Liu ◽

Yuan Xu

Keyword(s):

Choice Experiment ◽

Choice Behavior ◽

Route Choice ◽

Status Quo ◽

Willingness To Accept ◽

Observation Data ◽

Behavior Understanding ◽

Route Choice Behavior ◽

Route Choices ◽

The Impact

This paper investigated the impact of asymmetric preference on travelers’ route choices. Firstly, a status quo-dependent route choice mode was developed to describe travelers’ route choices. Then, based on that model, a route choice experiment was conducted, and during the experiment, participants were requested to choose a route from two arbitrary non-dominated routes. Finally, according to the observation data, data analysis and model parameter estimation were conducted. The results show that participants used different measures to trade off travel cost and travel time. Additionally, there was a gap between most participants’ willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (WTA). Moreover, participants’ WTP greater than their own WTA was the key reason resulting in the inertial route choices. The empirical results in this paper can help the traffic manager to understand travelers’ inertial route choice behavior from a different perspective.

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Choice Experiment Performed on the Fresh Black Slavonian Pig’s Meat: A Preliminary Study

Poljoprivreda ◽

10.18047/poljo.27.2.10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 75-83

Author(s):

Sanja Jelić Milković ◽

Ružica Lončarić ◽

Krunoslav Zmaić ◽

David Kranjac ◽

Maurizio Canavari

Keyword(s):

Logit Model ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Consumer Preferences ◽

Random Parameter ◽

Multinomial Logit Model ◽

Error Component ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Heterogeneous Preferences ◽

Fresh Meat ◽

Random Parameter Logit

Until now, no research has been carried out in Croatia into consumer preferences for a particular agricultural and food product by a choice experiment. Therefore, little data are available about Croatian consumers' preferences for social concerns (sustainability, biodiversity, rural development and animal welfare) with regard to the consumer choice and behavior favoring local pig breeds, in this case the Black Slavonian Pig breed. A survey was the method used to collect the data, and a survey questionnaire was used as an instrument. The survey was performed on a sample of n = 100 Croatian consumers surveyed online using a hypothetical choice experiment. The data were analyzed using the three logit models: a multinomial logit model (MNL), random parameter logit (RPL), and an error component random parameter logit model (RPL-EC) in order to examine the consumers’ heterogeneous preferences for fresh ham meat of the Black Slavonian Pig. The results suggest that the Croatian consumers appreciated a darker red fresh pork meat than the one obtained from the Black Slavonian Pig reared outdoors and semi-outdoor. They also prefer a fresh meat bearing a geographical information label, such as the continental Croatia and continental Croatia + PDO, to a fresh meat without a label.

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Impact of Little Cigars and Cigarillos Packaging Features on Product Preference

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182111443 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (21) ◽

pp. 11443

Author(s):

Ce Shang ◽

James Nonnemaker ◽

Kymberle Sterling ◽

Jessica Sobolewski ◽

Scott R. Weaver

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Discrete Choice ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Random Parameter ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Cigarette Smokers ◽

Sweet Quality ◽

Opt Out ◽

Random Parameter Logit ◽

Product Preference

Background: We conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) among young adult cigarette smokers in the period July–August 2018 to examine their preference for cigarillos in response to various packaging-related attributes, including flavor, flavor description, quality descriptors, pack size, and prices. Methods: A convenience sample of 566 US young adult cigarette smokers aged 18–34, among whom 296 were current little cigar and cigarillo (LCC) smokers, were recruited using Facebook ads and invited to participate in an online (Qualtrics) tobacco survey containing DCE and tobacco use questions. In the experiment, participants chose among two cigarillo products or “neither” (opt-out). Results: We analyzed preferences for LCCs using multinomial, nested, random parameter logit models. Results showed that young adult cigarette smokers preferred grape over menthol, tobacco/regular, and wine flavors; “color only” and “color and text” flavor depictions over text only; “smooth” and “sweet” quality descriptors over “satisfying”; and larger pack sizes and lower prices. Conclusions: Regulating packaging-related features will impact LCC choices among US young adult smokers. FDA regulation over these packaging-related features may impact LCC use among young adult smokers.

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Carbon Dynamics in the Northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau from 1990 to 2030 Using Landsat Land Use/Cover Change Data

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12030528 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 528 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jingye Li ◽

Jian Gong ◽

Jean-Michel Guldmann ◽

Shicheng Li ◽

Jie Zhu

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Tibetan Plateau ◽

Carbon Storage ◽

Sharp Decrease ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Qinghai Lake ◽

Lake Basin ◽

Ecosystem Carbon ◽

Trade Offs ◽

The Impact

Land use/cover change (LUCC) has an important impact on the terrestrial carbon cycle. The spatial distribution of regional carbon reserves can provide the scientific basis for the management of ecosystem carbon storage and the formulation of ecological and environmental policies. This paper proposes a method combining the CA-based FLUS model and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model to assess the temporal and spatial changes in ecosystem carbon storage due to land-use changes over 1990–2015 in the Qinghai Lake Basin (QLB). Furthermore, future ecosystem carbon storage is simulated and evaluated over 2020–2030 under three scenarios of natural growth (NG), cropland protection (CP), and ecological protection (EP). The long-term spatial variations in carbon storage in the QLB are discussed. The results show that: (1) Carbon storage in the QLB decreased at first (1990–2000) and increased later (2000–2010), with total carbon storage increasing by 1.60 Tg C (Teragram: a unit of mass equal to 1012 g). From 2010 to 2015, carbon storage displayed a downward trend, with a sharp decrease in wetlands and croplands as the main cause; (2) Under the NG scenario, carbon reserves decrease by 0.69 Tg C over 2020–2030. These reserves increase significantly by 6.77 Tg C and 7.54 Tg C under the CP and EP scenarios, respectively, thus promoting the benign development of the regional ecological environment. This study improves our understanding on the impact of land-use change on carbon storage for the QLB in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP).

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Patient preferences for use of virtual consultations in an orthopaedic rehabilitation setting: Results from a discrete choice experiment

Journal of Health Services Research & Policy ◽

10.1177/13558196211035427 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 135581962110354

Author(s):

Anthony W Gilbert ◽

Emmanouil Mentzakis ◽

Carl R May ◽

Maria Stokes ◽

Jeremy Jones

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Model ◽

Discrete Choice Experiment ◽

Discrete Choice ◽

Patient Preferences ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Best Practice ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Problem Area ◽

Fractional Factorial ◽

The Impact

Objective Virtual Consultations may reduce the need for face-to-face outpatient appointments, thereby potentially reducing the cost and time involved in delivering health care. This study reports a discrete choice experiment (DCE) that identifies factors that influence patient preferences for virtual consultations in an orthopaedic rehabilitation setting. Methods Previous research from the CONNECT (Care in Orthopaedics, burdeN of treatmeNt and the Effect of Communication Technology) Project and best practice guidance informed the development of our DCE. An efficient fractional factorial design with 16 choice scenarios was created that identified all main effects and partial two-way interactions. The design was divided into two blocks of eight scenarios each, to reduce the impact of cognitive fatigue. Data analysis were conducted using binary logit regression models. Results Sixty-one paired response sets (122 subjects) were available for analysis. DCE factors (whether the therapist is known to the patient, duration of appointment, time of day) and demographic factors (patient qualifications, access to equipment, difficulty with activities, multiple health issues, travel costs) were significant predictors of preference. We estimate that a patient is less than 1% likely to prefer a virtual consultation if the patient has a degree, is without access to the equipment and software to undertake a virtual consultation, does not have difficulties with day-to-day activities, is undergoing rehabilitation for one problem area, has to pay less than £5 to travel, is having a consultation with a therapist not known to them, in 1 weeks’ time, lasting 60 minutes, at 2 pm. We have developed a simple conceptual model to explain how these factors interact to inform preference, including patients’ access to resources, context for the consultation and the requirements of the consultation. Conclusions This conceptual model provides the framework to focus attention towards factors that might influence patient preference for virtual consultations. Our model can inform the development of future technologies, trials, and qualitative work to further explore the mechanisms that influence preference.

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