Factors associated with high sedentary behaviour among adolescents and adults with psychological distress in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-573
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Bodily Pain ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

The aim of this study was to estimate factors associated with high sedentary behaviour (SB) in adolescents and adults who have psychological distress in South Africa. Data used in this analysis were derived from the cross-sectional South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey – 2012. The sample consisted of 2306 participants (42 years median age) who had psychological distress. In all, 16.2% of the study participants engaged in ⩾8 hr SB/day. In unadjusted analysis, functional disability, older age, bodily pain, hypertension, and cognitive impairment was significantly more frequent among those with high SB. In adjusted logistic regression, functional disability and aged 65 years and above were positively associated with high SB. Results seem to suggest that interventions aimed at reducing SB among South Africans who have psychological distress may target the risk groups that were identified.

Prevalence, and social and health correlates of insomnia among persons 15 years and older in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Peltzer ◽  
Supa Pengpid
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Bodily Pain ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

The study aims to investigate the prevalence, and social and health correlates of insomnia symptoms in a national population sample in South Africa. Data were analysed from the cross-sectional ‘South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1)’ 2012, using a sample of 15,133 individuals (mean age = 36.9, SD = 16.5). Measures included information on insomnia, sociodemographics, health status, health risk behaviour, and mental health. Results indicate that the overall prevalence of insomnia symptoms was 7.1%, with 3.5% among 15- to 24-year-olds and 20.5% among 65 years and older participants. In the adjusted logistic regression analysis, poorer health status (self-rated health, functional disability and cognitive impairment), having bodily pain, having experienced three or more traumatic events, and having psychological distress and partial Posttraumatic Stress Disorder were positively associated with insomnia. A significant proportion of South Africans have insomnia symptoms and several risk factors were identified that can help in guiding interventions.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Factors associated with psychological distress, fear, and coping strategies among community members across 17 countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aziz Rahman ◽  
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam ◽  
Patraporn Tungpunkom ◽  
Farhana Sultana ◽  
Sheikh M. Alif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Distress Scale

Abstract Background The current pandemic of COVID-19 impacted the psychological wellbeing of populations globally. Objectives We aimed to examine the extent and identify factors associated with psychological distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study across 17 countries during Jun-2020 to Jan-2021. Levels of psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale), fear of COVID-19 (Fear of COVID-19 Scale), and coping (Brief Resilient Coping Scale) were assessed. Results A total of 8,559 people participated; mean age (±SD) was 33(±13) years, 64% were females and 40% self-identified as frontline workers. More than two-thirds (69%) experienced moderate-to-very high levels of psychological distress, which was 46% in Thailand and 91% in Egypt. A quarter (24%) had high levels of fear of COVID-19, which was as low as 9% in Libya and as high as 38% in Bangladesh. More than half (57%) exhibited medium to high resilient coping; the lowest prevalence (3%) was reported in Australia and the highest (72%) in Syria. Being female (AOR 1.31 [95% CIs 1.09-1.57]), perceived distress due to change of employment status (1.56 [1.29-1.90]), comorbidity with mental health conditions (3.02 [1.20-7.60]) were associated with higher levels of psychological distress and fear. Doctors had higher psychological distress (1.43 [1.04-1.97]), but low levels of fear of COVID-19 (0.55 [0.41-0.76]); nurses had medium to high resilient coping (1.30 [1.03-1.65]). Conclusions The extent of psychological distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping varied by country; however, we identified few higher risk groups who were more vulnerable than others. There is an urgent need to prioritise health and well-being of those people through well-designed intervention that may need to be tailored to meet country specific requirements.

scholarly journals Factors associated with serious psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional internet-based study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e051115
Author(s):  
Takashi Yoshioka ◽  
Ryo Okubo ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi ◽  
Satomi Odani ◽  
Tomohiro Shinozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Serious Psychological Distress ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Caregiving Burden ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectiveTo investigate the factors associated with serious psychological distress (SPD) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.DesignNationwide cross-sectional study using survey data.SettingInternet survey using sampling weights for national estimates conducted between 25 August and 30 September 2020 in Japan.ExposuresDemographics (age, gender), socioeconomic status (income level, employment type, educational attainment, marital status, family composition and caregiving burden); the experience of domestic violence (DV), the state of emergency and fear of and stigma related to COVID-19.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of SPD, defined as Kessler 6 Scale score ≥13.ResultsAmong 25 482 respondents, 10.0% met the criteria of SPD. Overall, women (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.59; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.16; p=0.003), ages 15–29 (aOR 2.35 compared with ages 45–59 years; 95% CI 1.64 to 3.38; p<0.001), low-income level (aOR 1.70 compared with intermediate income; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.49; p=0.007), providing caregiving to family members (aOR 5.48; 95% CI 3.51 to 8.56; p<0.001), experiencing DV (aOR 5.72; 95% CI 3.81 to 8.59; p<0.001) and fear of COVID-19 (aOR 1.96; 95% CI 1.55 to 2.48; p<0.001) were associated with SPD. Among women aged 15–29 years, who have a higher risk of suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, caregiving, DV, fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19-related stigma were associated with SPD.ConclusionsEconomic situation, caregiving burden, DV and fear of COVID-19 were independently associated with SPD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among young women, similar factors, except economic situation, were associated with SPD. Targeted interventions based on age and gender may be more effective in mitigating the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population’s mental health.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates of exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers on antiretroviral therapy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ter Goon ◽  
Anthony Idowu Ajayi ◽  
Oladele Vincent Adeniyi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Breastfeeding Practice

Abstract Background Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is associated with a reduction of postnatal HIV transmission and optimal infant growth. Given that the factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding are multi-factorial and context-specific, we examined the prevalence and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice in the first 6 months among mothers on antiretroviral therapy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January to May 2018, on 469 parturient women enlisted in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission cohort study in the Eastern Cape. Mothers were asked to recall whether they breastfed their infant exclusively with breast milk from birth and if so, to state how long they did. We collected relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle, and maternal information by interview. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were fitted to determine the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice. Results The prevalence of six-month exclusive breastfeeding, measured since birth, was 32.0%. E Exclusive breastfeeding’s prevalence was significantly higher among married women (36.8%), unemployed women (36.6%), non-smokers (32.7%), and those who never drank alcohol (37.0%). Unemployed women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.66, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.08–2.56) and those with grade 12 or less level of education (AOR 2.76, 95% CI 1.02–7.49) had a higher likelihood of practising EBF for 6 months since birth while mothers who consumed alcohol (AOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34–0.85) were less likely to practice EBF for 6 months. Conclusions The prevalence of six-month exclusive breastfeeding in the study, although comparable with sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide prevalence, remains suboptimal. Advocacy campaigns on EBF must target alcohol cessation and the creation of a favourable workplace environment for lactating mothers.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates of exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers on antiretroviral therapy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ter Goon ◽  
Anthony Idowu Ajayi ◽  
Oladele Vincent Adeniyi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Breastfeeding Practice

Abstract Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is associated with a reduction of postnatal HIV transmission and optimal infant growth. Given that the factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding are multi-factorial and context-specific, we examined the prevalence and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice in the first six months among mothers on antiretroviral therapy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January – May 2018 on 469 parturient women enlisted in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission cohort study in the Eastern Cape. Mothers were asked to recall whether they breastfed their infant exclusively with breast milk from birth and if so, to state how long they did. We collected relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle, and maternal information by interview. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were fitted to determine the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice.Results: The prevalence of six-month exclusive breastfeeding, measured since birth, was 32.0%. EBF’s prevalence was significantly higher among married women (36.8%), unemployed women (36.6%), non-smokers (32.7%), and those who never drank alcohol (37.0%). Unemployed women [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.66, 95% Confidence Interval CI), 1.08-2.56] and those with grade 12 or less level of education (AOR =2.76, 95% CI, 1.02-7.49) had a higher likelihood of practising EBF for six months since birth while mothers who consumed alcohol (AOR = 0.54, 95% CI, 0.34-0.85) were less likely to practice EBF for six months. Conclusions: The prevalence of six-month exclusive breastfeeding in the study, although comparable with sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide prevalence, remains suboptimal. Advocacy campaigns on EBF must target alcohol cessation and the creation of a favourable workplace environment for lactating mothers.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of psychological distress among a national sample of in-school adolescents in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Abstract Background The goal of the study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among adolescent school children in Morocco. Methods Nationally representative cross-sectional data were analysed from 6745 adolescents (15 years median age) that responded to questions on a two-item measure of psychological distress from “2016 Morocco Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS).” Results The prevalence of psychological distress was 23.3, 18.0% among males and 29.2% among females. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, female sex, older age, bullying victimization, infrequently physically attacked, frequent participation in physical fights, having no close friends, frequent experience of hunger, parental emotional neglect, parental disrespect of privacy, school truancy, sedentary behaviour and having sustained a single or multiple serious injuries (past year) were associated with psychological distress. In addition, in unadjusted analysis, low peer support, parents never check homework, exposure to passive smoking, substance use (current tobacco use, current cannabis use and ever used amphetamine), frequent soft drink and frequent fast food consumption were positively and fruit and vegetable intake was negatively associated with psychological distress. Conclusion Almost one in four students reported psychological distress and several associated factors were identified which can aid prevention and control strategies.

scholarly journals Dyslipidaemias in women using hormonal contraceptives: a cross sectional study in Mulago Hospital Family Planning Clinic, Kampala, Uganda

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e022338
Author(s):  
Ritah Bakesiima ◽  
Pauline Byakika-Kibwika ◽  
James K Tumwine ◽  
Joan N Kalyango ◽  
Gloria Nabaasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Mulago Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Family Planning Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and factors associated with dyslipidaemias in women using hormonal contraceptives.DesignCross-sectional studySettingMulago Hospital, Kampala, UgandaParticipantsThree hundred and eighty-four consenting women, aged 18–49 years, who had used hormonal contraceptives for at least 3 months prior to the study.Study outcomeDyslipidaemias (defined as derangements in lipid profile levels which included total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein <40 mg/dL, triglyceride >150 mg/dL or low-density lipoprotein ≥160 mg/dL) for which the prevalence and associated factors were obtained.ResultsThe prevalence of dyslipidaemias was 63.3% (95% CI: 58.4 to 68.1). Body mass index (BMI) (PR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.54, p<0.001) and use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) (PR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.42, p=0.020) were the factors significantly associated with dyslipidaemias.ConclusionDyslipidaemias were present in more than half the participants, and this puts them at risk for cardiovascular diseases. The high-risk groups were women with a BMI greater than 25 Kg/m2and those who were on ART. Therefore, lipid profiles should be assessed in women using hormonal contraceptives in order to manage them better.

scholarly journals Is device-based total and domain-specific sedentary behaviour associated with psychological distress in Flemish workers?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrien De Cocker ◽  
Margo Ketels ◽  
Jason A Bennie ◽  
Els Clays
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Domain Specific

Abstract Background There is increasing interest in the association between psychological distress and time spent in sedentary behaviour (e.g. sitting), a highly prevalent behaviour in modern society. The limited evidence is mixed and mainly based on studies using self-reported sedentary time. Few studies have investigated device-based total sedentary time in its association with distress. None, however, have examined device-based domain-specific sedentary time in relation to psychological distress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether device-based total and domain-specific sedentary behaviour were associated with psychological distress. Methods Flemish employees (n = 401; 20–64 years; 42.6% male; 83.6% had a ‘physically active occupation’) of seven organizations in service and production sectors participated. Sedentary behaviour (exposure) was assessed by two Axivity AX3 accelerometers (one placed on the thigh and one placed between the shoulders) for two to four consecutive working days. Based on diary completion, domain-specific sedentary behaviour (leisure vs. work) was assessed. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire was used to assess psychological distress (outcome). Adjusted hierarchical multiple regression models were conducted to report on the associations between total and domain-specific sedentary behaviour and psychological distress. Results About 35% of the sample had high levels of distress and average total sedentary time was 7.2 h/day. Device-based total sedentary behaviour [B = −0.009, 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.087 to 0.068], leisure-time (B = 0.001, 95% CI, −0.017 to 0.018) and work-related (B = 0.004, 95% CI, −0.006 to 0.015) sedentary behaviour were not significantly associated with psychological distress. Conclusion This cross-sectional study examining the association between device-based total and domain-specific sedentary behaviour and psychological distress among employees showed a lack of significant findings.

Protective and risk factors associated with psychological distress in cancer-bereaved parents: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 101929
Author(s):  
Omid Rasouli ◽  
Malin Aarseth Bø ◽  
Trude Reinfjell ◽  
Unni Karin Moksnes ◽  
Mary-Elizabeth B. Eilertsen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Bereaved Parents

scholarly journals Prevalence of disability and associated factors in the elderly

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jair Sindra Virtuoso Júnior ◽  
Cristiane Alves Martins ◽  
Liliane Beatriz Roza ◽  
Thais Reis Silva de Paulo ◽  
Maria da Conceição Lopes Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Instrumental Activities ◽  
Multigenerational Family ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with functional disability in the elderly. The cross-sectional design was used with a sample of 624 individuals, between 60 and 96 years of age. In the assessment of the elderly interviews and physical performance tests were used. In the inferential data analysis, the Poisson regression was used, p≤0.05. The prevalence of disability was 17.6% for Basic Activities of Daily Living and 46.3% for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Functional disability for Basic Activities of Daily Living was associated with increasing age, alcohol consumption, depressive symptoms and frailty; the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living were associated with increasing age, illiteracy, multigenerational family arrangement, hospitalization and fragility. The variables that remained in the explanatory model for the decline of functional capacity should be emphasized in proposals for public policies to promote the health of the elderly.

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