The Impact of Predisposed Traits and Organizational Factors on the U.S. Federal Employee Perception of Whistleblowing

2020 ◽  
pp. 009102602093882
Author(s):  
Myungjung Kwon ◽  
So Hee Jeon ◽  
Yuan Ting
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Employee Perception ◽  
Federal Employee ◽  
Organizational Wrongdoing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

Whistleblowers play a critical role in revealing organizational wrongdoing. Even after the passage of the 1989 Whistleblower Protection Act and the 2012 Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act, numerous studies find that public employees are still reluctant to report wrongdoing due to various forms of retaliation. Drawing on insights from a framework of predisposition and environmental perspectives, this study examines which type of factors—predisposed characteristics or organizational/environmental factors—are more influential and consistent in increasing the favorable perception of public employees about whistleblowing. To test the model, this study uses multiple waves of data including the 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016 Federal Employee Viewpoint Surveys to perform agency-level analyses. The findings suggest that organizational/environmental factors increase favorable federal employee perception of whistleblowing over time while predisposed characteristics show inconsistent influence.

Personal Interpretation Starts with the Interpreter: How Do Outcome Priorities Change Over Time among Interpretive Staff?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara-Jane Blye ◽  
Glen Hvenegaard ◽  
Elizabeth Halpenny
Keyword(s):  
Key Management ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Agency Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Memories ◽  
Over Time

Personal interpretation is a key management tool to help visitors discover, value, and enjoy parks. Goals and objectives for personal interpretation should be consistent among staff to ensure that planning and delivery are effective in achieving targeted outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess how the outcome priorities for, and resources used by, front-line interpreters (employees who deliver personal interpretation programs) changed over the course of one season. Staff goals are also influenced by agency goals and agency support. We were interested in how park agency legislation and management goals were aligned with front-line staff goals and how the agency supported (or did not support) staff in achieving those outcomes. Front-line interpreters from Alberta Parks completed in-person questionnaires during May 2018 (time 1), describing their priorities for interpretive outcomes, perceived trends, resources used, opportunities, barriers, and demographics. Following the delivery of personal interpretation in 11 provincial parks across Alberta during the May to September 2018 park visitation season, the same interpreters completed a follow-up survey between October 2018 and January 2019 (time 2) to understand if and why those responses changed. Respondents were asked to rate their priorities for six main outcomes of personal interpretation. The top outcomes at time 1 were visitor enjoyment, connections to place, and learning. At time 2, learning and enjoyment priorities declined; attitudes, behavioral change, connections to place, and positive memories did not change as desired outcomes. When asked which of the six outcomes were most important, respondents indicated connections to place, positive memories, and enjoyment most often (but there were no changes from time 1 to time 2). As for resources used in guiding content and strategic decisions in delivering personal interpretation programs, the importance of park legislation and park finances declined; the importance of the other resources did not change. When asked what organizational factors helped them be successful (or unsuccessful), staff relied overwhelmingly on their immediate team, including their supervisors and fellow interpreters. However, responses from time 2 suggested that respondents felt in need of more training, more time to prepare new and innovative programs, and more support from upper-level managers and their agency. This research can help inform park practitioner efforts to understand how interpretive priorities change over time and what resources are important for interpreters. Park agency managers can use these results to hire, train, and nurture front-line interpreters, with a goal of improving the impact of personal interpretation programs.

An investigation of government employees’ support for public-private partnerships

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razilya Shakirova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that may influence support of public-private partnerships (PPPs) by government employees potentially involved in designing and implementing cross-sectoral collaborations. Design/methodology/approach Based on an original survey of government employees in the USA, this study explores the impact of individual, organizational and environmental factors on their support for PPPs by employing ordinary least squares regression. Findings Among the individual factors, involvement in PPPs and concerns for efficiency have been identified as factors having positive impact on government employees’ support for PPPs. Male government employees seem to be less supportive of PPPs than female government employees. Environmental factors such as public opinion and appointed agency heads positively influence government employees’ views of PPPs. No evidence for the significant impact of organizational factors on government employee perceptions of PPPs was found. Research limitations/implications Factors influencing government employees’ attitudes may also have an effect on employees’ behaviors when involved in PPPs. Further studies may clarify how attitudes are translated into behaviors and how they influence the performance of PPPs. Investigations into government employees’ views of PPPs before and after their actual involvement in partnerships may allow for identifying changes in employees’ support for PPPs and their possible causes. Originality/value This study investigates the impacts of individual, organizational and environmental factors on government employees’ support for partnerships with the private sector that remain under-researched in the literature.

scholarly journals The influence of chemical environmental factors on functions and interrelationships of regulatory systems in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Lanin ◽  
T. M. Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Neuroendocrine Regulation ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

In children under aerotechnogenic impact of phenol, methanol and formaldehyde, these substances are identified in the blood in significantly higher concentrations than in the unexposed group. There was found the activation of the mechanisms of the innate immunity (phagocytic activity) and inhibition of markers of the acquired immunity (reduction of relative indices of the content of T-lymphocytes (CD3+) and their subsets (CD4+- and CD8+-lymphocytes). Out of the markers of neuroendocrine regulation there was proved the significant decline of cortisol. Under the impact of anthropogenic chemical environmental factors there are occurred rearrangement and the transformation of interactions within the neuroendocrine and immune systems, as well as “early”, not manifested yet in the nature of specific nosological forms, but over time having the possibility to lead to the shaping of various pathology changes in the neuroendocrine regulation of the immune system.

scholarly journals The Factors Affecting Work Life Balance among Post Graduate Students in Eastern Province, Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
K. Suganya
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Post Graduate ◽  
The Impact

Balance in work and family life is an emerging challenge for both employees and employers. This study was conducted to assess the status of work life balance among post graduates in Eastern province. The first objective of the study was to find the level of individual, organizational and environmental factors of work life balance.The second objective of the study was to find out the level of work life balance, The third objective of the study was to explore the relationship among them. And the fourth objective was to explore the impact of individual, organizational and environmental factors on Work life balance among post graduates in Eastern province. By using questionnaires data were collected from 103 Post graduates who are following Post graduate program in Eastern University of Sri Lanka and South Eastern University of Sri Lanka and stratified sampling was used.  Data were analyzed and evaluated by using univariate and regression analysis. Findings of this study revealed that the individual factors, organizational factors and environmental factors were in high level among post graduates in Eastern province. At the same these three variables positively and significantly impact on Work life balance of post graduates.

scholarly journals The Cryptic Plasmid Improves Chlamydia Fitness in Different Regions of the Gastrointestinal Tract

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyue Ma ◽  
Conghui He ◽  
Zhi Huo ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Bernard Arulanandam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Cryptic Plasmid ◽  
Gastric Barrier ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT The cryptic plasmid is important for chlamydial colonization in the gastrointestinal tract. We used a combination of intragastric, intrajejunal, and intracolon inoculations to reveal the impact of the plasmid on chlamydial colonization in distinct regions of gastrointestinal tract. Following an intragastric inoculation, the plasmid significantly improved chlamydial colonization. At the tissue level, plasmid-positive Chlamydia produced infectious progenies throughout gastrointestinal tract. However, to our surprise, plasmid-deficient Chlamydia failed to produce infectious progenies in small intestine, although infectious progenies were eventually detected in large intestine, indicating a critical role of the plasmid in chlamydial differentiation into infectious particles in small intestine. The noninfectious status may represent persistent infection, since Chlamydia genomes proliferated in the same tissues. Following an intrajejunal inoculation that bypasses the gastric barrier, plasmid-deficient Chlamydia produced infectious progenies in small intestine but was 530-fold less infectious than plasmid-positive Chlamydia, suggesting that (i) the noninfectious status developed after intragastric inoculation might be induced by a combination of gastric and intestinal effectors and (ii) chlamydial colonization in small intestine was highly dependent on plasmid. Finally, following an intracolon inoculation, the dependence of chlamydial colonization on plasmid increased over time. Thus, we have demonstrated that the plasmid may be able to improve chlamydial fitness in different gut regions via different mechanisms, which has laid a foundation to further reveal the specific mechanisms.

Strategic Culture and Environmental Dimensions as Determinants of Anomie in Publicly-Traded and Privately-Held Firms

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean L. Johnson ◽  
Kelly D. Martin ◽  
Amit Saini
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Strategic Flexibility ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Technological Turbulence ◽  
Ethics Research ◽  
Strategic Aggressiveness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Privately Held

ABSTRACT:Anomie is a condition in which normative guidelines for governing conduct are absent. Using survey data from a sample of U.S. manufacturing firms, we explore the impact of internal (cultural) and external (environmental) determinants of organizational anomie. We suggest that four internal organizational factors can generate or suppress organizational anomie, including strategic aggressiveness, long-term orientation, competitor orientation, and strategic flexibility. Similarly, we argue that external contextual factors, including competitive intensity and technological turbulence, can influence organizational anomie. We extend anomie and ethics research by considering the impact of these firm cultural and environmental factors according to whether firms are publicly-traded or privately-held. Findings demonstrate that a number of firm cultural and environmental factors can generate or reduce anomie in firms. Moreover, strategic aggressiveness, long-term orientation, and strategic flexibility influence organizational anomie differently depending on whether the firm is publicly-traded or privately-held. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Dynamic Matrix for an Adaptive Environment Management in Mining: A Feed-engineering Alternative?

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
S. B. Mondoukpe Lagnika ◽  
Robert Hausler ◽  
Mathias Glaus
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Dynamic Matrix ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessments ◽  
Adaptive Environment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Environment impacts are usually determined by quantification or an evaluation system derived from several methodologies including environmental assessment, matrices, and data cross-referencing. This study uses a dataset obtained from validated mining Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), some monitoring reports and scientific insights on open-pit mines (OPM). The purpose here is to build a dynamic matrix system over time to facilitate a systemic evaluation of environmental impacts and to find in-depth preventive measures in any OPM. The four dynamic matrices are built with qualitative and numerical values in both magnitude and significance terms. As one of the issues is to minimize negative risks in OPMs, one outcome points out the environmental factors of mining operations sensitive to the variations over time and the variability of the parameters themselves. The results show secondly that the data (qualitative and quantitative) vary from EIA stage to a post EIA status like activities or environmental factors numbers. Thirdly, the impact of activities on each part of environment components and the incidence of all activities during the mines’ life cycle is easier to identify whatever the data density. In the fourth line, this paper indicates that the dynamic matrix in an optimal alternative in the process of determining preventive measures to mitigate the risks and the need for an interactive environmental follow-up program in mining or similar industry. This approach reduces the following-up monitoring weaknesses and allows managers, as a multi-criterion decision-making approach, to take enlightened actions.

scholarly journals Terrorist Attacks & Presidential Approval Rating

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 27-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Political Affiliation ◽  
September 11Th ◽  
Presidential Approval ◽  
Approval Ratings ◽  
Approval Rating ◽  
Presidential Approval Ratings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

After the attacks of September 11th the U.S. focused much of its foreign policy efforts on the War on Terror and prevention of another attack on U.S. soil. This paper will look at terrorist attacks dating back to 1970 in order to fully understand the impact of terrorist attacks on U.S. presidential approval ratings and the existence of the ‘rally around the flag’ effect during different administrations. Location, lethality, style, and political affiliation of the president will be variables focused on in a pre and post 9/11 context. This paper will give special consideration to 9/11, excluding the attacks in many cases, in order to view if there is a significant stable impact on approval ratings from terrorist attacks over time.

Innovation in public organizations: do government reforms matter?

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6/7) ◽  
pp. 731-749
Author(s):  
Imane Hijal-Moghrabi ◽  
Meghna Sabharwal ◽  
Kannan Ramanathan
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Sector Organizations ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of New Public Management (NPM) reforms/practices on innovation in public sector organizations. Although much is written on NPM, the assumption that NPM reforms stimulate organizational innovation has not been empirically tested. The present study is an attempt to bridge this research gap.Design/methodology/approachBuilding on open-systems approach, institutional theory, and innovation research, this study argues that organizational innovation occurs in response to stimuli in the external (environmental factors) and internal environment (organizational factors), considering NPM reforms/practices as a proxy for external or environmental factors. Organizational factors include formal structural complexity, senior management support and job security. The study tests this model using data from a national survey conducted in five states in the US.FindingsThe study provides empirical insights into our understanding of the factors that drive innovation in public sector organizations. The study finds that although environmental factors are as significant as organizational factors in driving innovation in the public sector, senior management support remains the most important predictor of innovation.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need to study the effect of NPM reforms and practices on innovation in public organizational settings.

scholarly journals Impact of Gene–Environment Interactions on Cancer Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8089
Author(s):  
Ariane Mbemi ◽  
Sunali Khanna ◽  
Sylvianne Njiki ◽  
Clement G. Yedjou ◽  
Paul B. Tchounwou
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Impact

Several epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that many human diseases are not only caused by specific genetic and environmental factors but also by gene–environment interactions. Although it has been widely reported that genetic polymorphisms play a critical role in human susceptibility to cancer and other chronic disease conditions, many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are caused by somatic mutations resulting from human exposure to environmental stressors. Scientific evidence suggests that the etiology of many chronic illnesses is caused by the joint effect between genetics and the environment. Research has also pointed out that the interactions of environmental factors with specific allelic variants highly modulate the susceptibility to diseases. Hence, many scientific discoveries on gene–environment interactions have elucidated the impact of their combined effect on the incidence and/or prevalence rate of human diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the nature of gene–environment interactions, and discuss their role in human cancers, with special emphases on lung, colorectal, bladder, breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers.

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