scholarly journals A positive psychology–motivational interviewing intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes: Proof-of-concept trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M Celano ◽  
Taylor A Gianangelo ◽  
Rachel A Millstein ◽  
Wei-Jean Chung ◽  
Deborah J Wexler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Medical Outcomes

Objective Eighteen million Americans with type 2 diabetes (T2D) do not follow recommended guidelines for physical activity. Motivational interviewing (MI) has had modest effects on activity and related behaviors in T2D. Positive psychological attributes (e.g., optimism) are associated with superior medical outcomes in T2D, and positive psychology (PP) interventions promote such attributes. There had been no study in T2D of a combined PP–MI intervention to promote well-being and health behavior adherence. We developed a novel, telephone-delivered, 16-week PP–MI intervention and explored its feasibility and impact in T2D patients in a single-arm, proof-of-concept trial. Method Participants completed PP-based exercises and MI-based physical activity goal-setting activities and reviewed these activities weekly with a study trainer for 16 weeks. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed via exercise completion rates and post-exercise ratings of ease/utility (0–10 scales). Impact was explored by examining changes in physical activity (via accelerometers and self-report), other health behaviors, psychological measures, and medical outcomes (e.g., hemoglobin A1c (A1C)) from baseline to 16 weeks, using paired t tests. Results Twelve participants enrolled, and 10 provided follow-up data. Seventy-eight percent of PP–MI activities were completed, and participants rated the PP–MI content and sessions as easy (mean = 8.2/10, standard deviation (SD) = 1.9) and useful (mean = 9.1/10, SD = 1.5). PP–MI was associated with improved adherence to health behaviors and overall self-care, variable effects on accelerometer-measured activity and psychological outcomes, and modest beneficial effects on body mass index and A1C. Conclusion Further testing of this intervention is warranted in a larger, controlled trial to assess its effects on important health outcomes.

scholarly journals A positive psychology-motivational interviewing program to promote physical activity in type 2 diabetes: The BEHOLD-16 pilot randomized trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Jeff C. Huffman ◽  
Julia Golden ◽  
Christina N. Massey ◽  
Emily H. Feig ◽  
Wei-Jean Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Randomized Trial

scholarly journals A Positive Psychology-Motivational Interviewing Intervention to Promote Positive Affect and Physical Activity in Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff C. Huffman ◽  
Julia Golden ◽  
Christina N. Massey ◽  
Emily H. Feig ◽  
Wei-Jean Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Positive Affect

Exploring protective factors through positive psychology and salutogenesis in Danish families with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Meldgaard ◽  
Louise Norman Jespersen ◽  
Tue Helms Andersen ◽  
Dan Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Analytical Framework

Summary People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) live with several challenges, which may enhance the risk of poor mental and physical health. However, despite living with a chronic illness, some individuals manage to achieve a life with positivity and well-being. The objective of this study is to explore the potential of Positive Psychology and Salutogenesis when analyzing how families with one or more members with T2D experience having resources leading to thriving. Data consist of 18 semi-structured family interviews with 38 participants. Data were analyzed using systematic text condensation with the concepts of sense of coherence and upward/downward spirals as the analytical framework. The analysis revealed three overall findings: (i) T2D is perceived as manageable due to general optimism despite living with a chronic illness; (ii) establishing supportive social relations means having the opportunity to share the burden of diabetes; and (iii) achieving an open dialogue and communicating the difficulties of diabetes without straining surroundings with negative illness communication. The three overall findings may reinforce each other in an upward spiral and enhance the sense of coherence. These findings have implications for diabetes management research and our understanding of psychological health in chronic illness. The overall goal is to help people with diabetes create meaning with their illness and make use of their social environment through dialogue and communication in order to increase positivity, optimism and mental health.

scholarly journals Association Between Change in Accelerometer-Measured and Self-Reported Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease in the Look AHEAD Trial

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Jakicic ◽  
Robert I. Berkowitz ◽  
Paula Bolin ◽  
George A. Bray ◽  
Jeanne M. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
The Look

OBJECTIVE: To conduct <i>post-hoc</i> secondary analysis examining the association between change in physical activity (PA), measured with self-report and accelerometry, from baseline to 1 and 4 years and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in the Look AHEAD Trial. <p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Participants were adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes with PA data at baseline and year 1 or 4 (n = 1,978). Participants were randomized to diabetes support and education or intensive lifestyle intervention. Measures included accelerometry-measured moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), self-reported PA, and composite (morbidity and mortality) CVD outcomes.</p> <p>RESULTS: In pooled analyses of all participants, using Cox proportional hazards models, each 100 MET-min/wk increase in accelerometry-measured MVPA from baseline to 4 years was associated with decreased risk of the subsequent primary composite outcome of CVD. Results were consistent for changes in total MVPA [HR=0.97 (95% CI: 0.95, 0.99)] and MVPA accumulated in <u>></u>10-minute bouts [HR=0.95 (95% CI: 0.91, 0.98)], with a similar pattern for secondary CVD outcomes. Change in accelerometry-measured MVPA at 1 year and self-reported change in PA at 1 and 4 years were not associated with CVD outcomes.</p> <p>CONCLUSIONS: Increased accelerometry-measured MVPA from baseline to year 4 is associated with decreased risk of CVD outcomes. This suggests the need for long-term engagement in MVPA to reduce the risk of CVD in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes.</p>

An Adaptive, Algorithm-based Text Message Intervention to Promote Health Behavior Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes: Treatment Development and Proof-of-Concept Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 193229682110650
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Celano ◽  
Christina Massey ◽  
Jessica Long ◽  
Sonia Kim ◽  
Olivia Velasquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adaptive Algorithm ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Text Messages

Background: Most individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) struggle to adhere to one or more health behaviors. Text message interventions (TMIs) have the potential to improve adherence but have had mixed effects on diet and activity in T2D. We developed an eight-week, adaptive, algorithm-driven TMI to promote physical activity, diet, self-care, and well-being. Then, in a single-arm trial, we assessed its feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy in 15 individuals with T2D and suboptimal adherence. Methods: Participants received daily text messages and were asked to rate the utility of each message (0=not helpful, 10=very helpful). These ratings were used by an algorithm to select subsequent messages based on each participant’s prior ratings. We assessed intervention feasibility by rates of message transmission/response and acceptability through ratings of message utility and burden. Finally, we examined pre-post changes in diabetes self-care, diet, physical activity, and psychological outcomes and calculated effect sizes (Cohen’s d). Results: All text messages were delivered, and participants provided ratings for 79% of messages, above our a priori thresholds for feasibility. Participants rated the individual messages and overall TMI as subjectively useful (utility: 8.1 [SD=2.1] and 7.8 [SD=2.0], respectively) and not burdensome (burden: 0.8 [SD=1.8]). The intervention led to significant, medium- to large-sized improvements in self-care ( d=0.77), diet ( d=0.99), and activity ( d=0.61) but minimal change in psychological outcomes. Conclusions: The TMI was feasible and well-accepted, and it led to promising improvements in adherence-related outcomes. These findings should be confirmed in a larger randomized controlled trial.

scholarly journals We are Family

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Omolafe ◽  
Michele Mouttapa ◽  
Shari McMahan ◽  
Sora Park Tanjasiri
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

This cross-sectional study sought to describe an association between family history of type-2 diabetes and the awareness of risk factors, perceived threat and physical activity levels in African Americans. With a prevalence of 11.8%, African Americans remain disproportionately affected by the epidemic of diabetes. A risk factor that cannot be modified, but is important and closely linked with diabetes expression, family history, can be a considerable tool in promoting behavior change and reducing the risk of developing the condition in African Americans. A self-report questionnaire was administered to 133 church going African Americans, with 55 of them with a positive family history of type-2 diabetes (41.4%) and 78 (58.6%) without. None of the participants had been previously been diagnosed with type-2 diabetes. The results from the study indicated that African Americans with positive family history had a greater knowledge of risk factors, were more likely to indicate that their concern about the disease influences their eating habits and physical activity, and engaged in significantly more physical activity than those with no family history.

Accelerometer-measured Physical Activity of Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A scoping review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana A. Moldovan ◽  
Alexa Bragg ◽  
Anna Nidhiry ◽  
Barbara A. De La Cruz ◽  
Suzanne E. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physical Activity Intensity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Activity Intensity

BACKGROUND Incorporating physical activity in lifestyle routines is recommended for individuals living with type 2 diabetes. Accelerometer devices offer a promising alternative to self-report methods for measuring physical activity performance. However, the extant literature for accelerometer-measured physical activity among middle-aged/older adults with chronic conditions is lacking. OBJECTIVE We conducted a comprehensive scoping review of the literature to capture accelerometry methodologies in older adults with type 2 diabetes, specifically in relation to cutpoints that classify physical activity into intensity categories (sedentary, light, moderate, vigorous, very vigorous). METHODS Applying the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Engineering Village to identify studies that used research-grade accelerometers to objectively measure physical activity intensity levels of adults with type 2 diabetes using cutpoints in participant samples of mean age 50 years and older. RESULTS We identified 46 studies that met our inclusion criteria. The ActiGraph was the most popular accelerometer among researchers, and the Freedson (1998) and Troiano (2008) cutpoints were favored the most. The Lopes (2009) cutpoints were developed by calibrating the ActiGraph accelerometer in middle-aged and older adults with overweight/ obesity and type 2 diabetes. Several studies noted limitations of accelerometry use that could lead to an underestimation or inaccurate representation of physical activity for our population of interest. Limitations included decreased accuracy due to variation in device placement and underestimation of activity intensity attributed to using cutpoints in older adults with lower fitness levels that were originally validated with younger adults. CONCLUSIONS Considering the high variability among accelerometry methodologies, more work needs to be done to understand activity intensity cut-offs for populations with a high burden of chronic disease, older age, and suboptimal physical functioning.

The Role of Physiatrist in the Diabetes Healthcare Team

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Ramamoorthy Veyilmuthu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Primary Role

Abstract The physiatrist is an important member of the diabetes healthcare team. His/her primary role is to provide physical activity counselling for the diabetics after thorough evaluation. Exercise is a primary component of diabetes management together with diet plan and antidiabetic drugs. The physiatrist, with his/her background knowledge in exercise physiology, is the most appropriate person for this job. Regular exercise has been shown to improve blood glucose control, reduce cardiovascular risk factors, contribute to weight loss and improve well being. Furthermore, regular exercise may prevent type 2 diabetes in high risk individuals. Thus physical activity plays a pivotal role in health promotion and diabetes control. People with diabetes should be advised to perform at least 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity aerobic physical activity using ‘FITT Principle’. In the absence of contra-indications, people with type 2 diabetes should be encouraged to perform resistance training three times per week. DeLorme resistance exercise improves power, strength, endurance and burns more calories. Cross training is the term used to describe the use of a variety of activities during exercise. Interval training is the variation of intensity during one or more aerobic activities. Circuit training is the combination of aerobic exercise and weight training (anaerobic exercise). Before recommending a programme of physical activity, the physiatrist should assess diabetics for coronary artery disease and other complications of diabetes.

scholarly journals Self-Compassion, Metabolic Control and Health Status in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A UK Observational Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E Morrison ◽  
Francesco Zaccardi ◽  
Sudesna Chatterjee ◽  
Emer Brady ◽  
Yvonne Doherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Diabetes Distress ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Distress Scale

Abstract Aims Self-compassion is a modifiable characteristic, linked with psychological well being and intrinsic motivation to engage in positive health behaviours. We aimed to explore levels of self-compassion in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and their association with levels of depression, diabetes-related distress and glycaemic control. Methods A cross-sectional study in 176 patients with T2DM in Leicester, UK, using three self-report questionnaires: the Self Compassion Scale (SCS); Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS-17). Demographic data, medical history and blood samples were collected. Results Majority of participants were male (n=120, 68.2%), with median [IQR] age and HbA1c of 66 [60, 71] years and 7.3 [6.7, 8.0] %, respectively. Multivariable analysis adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity and diabetes duration revealed significant association of all three scores with HbA1c: per one standard deviation increase of each score, a -0.16% reduction in HbA1c for SCS (p=0.027), 0.21% increase for PHQ-9 (p=0.012) and 0.33% increase for DDS-17 (p<0.001). Conclusions Higher levels of self-compassion and lower levels of depressive symptoms were associated with significantly better long-term diabetes control. These results reinforce the importance of emphasis on psychological parameters, including self-compassion, in the multi-disciplinary management of T2DM. We identify this as a potential area for intervention in UK practice.

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