Language capacity is not enough: Be intentional about growing culture and worldview understanding

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-282
Author(s):  
Ian D. Dicks

Understanding a community’s culture and worldview and having capacity in their first language are considered essential elements for engaging in contextual cross-cultural ministry. Many sending organizations provide training, time, resources and programs to help cross-cultural workers grow their language capacity. The same provisions, however, are not often made for gaining culture and worldview understanding. The reasons for this are varied, but include: a tacit belief that adequate culture and worldview understanding occurs naturally with the gaining of language capacity; a belief that workers come equipped for gaining culture and worldview understanding; a lack of suitable culture and worldview inquiry programs, as well as a lack of trained personnel to facilitate them. An Australian cross-cultural ministry sending organization is seeking to address this imbalance structurally in their organization by developing and providing cross-cultural workers with a culture and worldview inquiry program, the facilitation of each cross-cultural worker’s culture and language program, and by training cross-cultural workers in culture and worldview inquiry methods. The results of this are that individuals and teams are growing their language capacities and their understanding of their host communities’ cultures and worldviews, and are applying this knowledge to their engagement with the communities with whom they work.

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Taylor

The issue of attrition of longer-term cross-cultural workers is a critical and multifaceted one. We define attrition in its broadest sense as departure from field service by missionaries, regardless of cause. However, our prime concerns related to attrition themes speak to the causes of premature or painful departure from field service. We discovered major attrition variants between newer sending countries (NSC) and older sending countries (OSC). Lessons must be learned from both categories as mission stakeholder groups grapple with their own roles in addressing the causes of attrition as well as reducing it.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zhonghao Zhou

Culture and language are inseparable, and cultures as groups adopt particular practices and norms of behavior. Culture teaching is a long and complex process concerning something more than language use itself. The two popular theories influencing practice today are the Constructivist and the Creative Constructionist approaches, and the technique for conveying cultural awareness is cultural assimilator, which has been designed for specific cultures around the world. Cross-cultural training can be used to promote cultural awareness, that is, sensitize people to the influence of culture on people’s values and behaviors and help them recognize and accept the existence of cultural differences.


Author(s):  
Vineetha Hewagodage

This chapter reports on findings of a qualitative study conducted with diverse cultural and linguistic background adult students engaged in learning English through an adult migrant English language program offered in a refugee welcome zone in a rural region of Australia. Twenty students whose first language was not English were observed in the language learning environment and participated in semi-structured interviews. The research explored how English language learning can be best supported for humanitarian refugees with little or no literacy in their first language to become acculturated and socially integrated into Australian society. It was found that the typical ‘English only approach' that is commonly used in the Adult Migrant English Language Program (AMEP) to teach literacy and develop proficiency in the English language is called into question when applied to learners with limited or no print literacy skills in their first language. It was concluded that these learners, who are commonly referred to in the literature as LESLLA (Low Educated Second Language Acquisition and Literacy for Adults), are faced with a number of social exclusionary practices during their integration process. Recommendations are made on how these issues might be addressed.


2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-345
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Cohen

This paper first considers what it means to become truly proficient in a language other than the native one. It then looks briefly at the evolution of dual language programs. Next, it focuses on the issue of whether the first language (L1) or the second language (L2) serves as the language of mediation. Other dual language program issues are then discussed, such as how proficient learners actually become in academic and social language in the L2, their proficiency in grammar and pronunciation, and possible administrative constraints in the design and execution of such programs. Finally, attention is given to a guidebook written directly for dual language learners and for their teachers in which learners are encouraged to take a proactive role to ensure that they make the most of their dual program language learning and use experiences.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-214
Author(s):  
Mohd Hasni Ja’afar ◽  

Knowledge about exposure to lead among children is still not good among parents in Malaysia. The purpose of this study was to translate the English version of the original Chicago Lead Knowledge Test (CLKT) into the Malay (local) language systematically and to suit the background culture and language of this country. The steps of systematic translation followed the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcome Research (ISPOR) standard which consists of preparation, forward translation, reconciliation, backward translation, backward translation review, harmonisation, cognitive debriefing, review of cognitive debriefing and finalisation, proofreading, and final report. The total number of items remained at 24, where one item was deleted, one item was revised, and one item was added into the instrument. All four themes; general knowledge, exposure, prevention and nutrition in this questionnaire were maintained. The response scale, answer scheme, and the scoring system remained the same. Most of the English items had direct translation to Malay language except for items 5, 7, 12, 20 and 22. The mean (+SD) and interquartile range (IQR) for total knowledge score was 9.50 + 2.45 marks and 5 marks, respectively. The lowest score was 4 marks and the highest score was 13 marks. This was be the first known study to utilise the systematic and standardised approaches in the cross-cultural translation and adaptation of the CLKT in Malaysia. The CLKT’s cultural and linguistic adaptation in Malaysia may contribute to other current research particularly on lead exposure among children.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith K. Bernhard

What are essential elements of valid research: The problem of 'data' and their collection in cross-cultural contexts


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Tahija ◽  
Hanum Fauziah ◽  
Adam Maulana

In language learning, either first language, second language or foreign language, teaching language components is part of a language program. In general, the language component consists of three, namely grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Vocabulary is a collection of words that are owned by a language and give meaning when we use the language. There are many vocabulary that teachers don't teach this vocabulary, especially word association, proverb and riddle, and definition. in this study, we try to explain about those vocabulary with the examples.


2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-217
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Thom ◽  
Pamela S. Davis ◽  
Luke Tseng

Cross-cultural workers are often exposed to a host of environmental, interpersonal, and physical stressors. This exposure may lead to negative mental health outcomes such as PTSD, depression, anxiety, or sub-clinical psychological distress. This study sought to investigate risk and resilience factors, both broadly and in-depth, among a group of faith-based cross-cultural workers. An adapted Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory, 2nd edition (DRRI-2) along with the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD–RISC) were administered to N=268 missionaries and faith-based humanitarian aid workers. A comprehensive correlational analysis revealed significant relationships to risk and resilience in the areas of pre-field preparation, negative family events while on the field, and pre-field negative events. Implications for member care are discussed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-251
Author(s):  
Richard Hibbert ◽  
Evelyn Hibbert

The development of Christian leaders is a key need in much of the Global South. Research has shown that churches that have a contextualized pattern of leadership are more likely to grow and less likely to be perceived as foreign. This article describes a process that missionaries can use with local leaders to define a God-honoring, culturally appropriate pattern of Christian leadership. It does this by drawing on research on Millet Christians’ perceptions of what makes a good leader as well as literature on cross-cultural variability in leadership. Three practical steps that cross-cultural workers can take to work with local leaders to define a contextualized pattern of leadership are outlined.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awad Mohamed S Youssef

There has been considerable attention from the cross-cultural pragmatics literature towards the various strategies speakers use when performing the requesting speech act. Speech acts are often used when communicating verbally in either the first language or a second language. This paper presents a study into the similarities and differences in the request strategies by Malaysian and Libyan postgraduate students at USM. The study majorly uses information from existing literature on what other people have written on this topic. The study findings will give new insights to the directness and requesting behaviors within Libyan and Malaysian students and the challenges of cross-linguistic and cross-cultural communication. This study has cultural implications such as awareness of the request strategies used in one culture compared to another culture. This study tackles the ability of Libyan and Malay learners to apply requests in English.  Furthermore, this study attempts to provide explanations for pragmatic errors that Libyan and Malay learners may perform.   Keywords: Cross-Cultural, Strategies, Modifications, Linguistic.


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