The Adverse Effects of Structural Adjustment on Working Women in Mexico

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Alarcón-González ◽  
Terry McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Working Women

scholarly journals MISUSE OF TOPICAL CREAMS AIMED AT PREVENTING AND TREATING MELASMA AND FRECKLES AMONG WORKING WOMEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Yanin Khamanarong ◽  
Wongsa Laohasiriwong ◽  
Chutikan Sakphisutthikul
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Pigmentary Disorders ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Average Monthly Income ◽  
Low Levels

Topical creams used to treat and prevent melasma and freckles contain corticosteroids, hydroquinone, mercury, and retinoic to lighten skin color. Misuse of these products and the rate of adverse effects have increased greatly in recent years. This study aims to assess the misuse of topical cream to prevent and treat melasma and freckles among working women in northeast Thailand. Our population consisted of 1,143 working women in the region aged 30-59 years old. The respondents were recruited from four provinces eight districts using a structured questionnaire distributed via a multi-stage random sampling method. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to represent and analyze the data. Eight hundred sixty-two (75.42%) of the respondents were users, and 105 (12.18%) had misused the products. The prevalence of misuse of products containing mercury, steroids, hydroquinone, retinoic acid, and mercury plus retinoic acid was 43.8%, 11.43%, 15.24%, 12.38%, and 17.15%, respectively. Factors associated with misuse of this product were age 30-44 years, education level less than a bachelor’s degree, working as a housekeeper or freelancer, presence of melasma and freckles, average monthly income ≤ 15,000 THB and low levels of knowledge and health literacy. Misuse of medication to treat pigmentary disorders is a growing public health concern. Social media and nonprofit campaigns should be implemented to create awareness of these products' misuse and adverse effects.

scholarly journals Women, Work and Development in Rural India: A Catalogue of Voluntarism in Policy

Social Change ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-159
Author(s):  
Aardra Surendran
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
National Development ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Voluntary Participation ◽  
Women's Development ◽  
Women's Role

This paper seeks to evaluate the conception of rural women’s work evident in the trajectory of development policy in India. It argues that the feature of self-initiated or voluntary participation in development for women is not restricted to the period of structural adjustment. Its antecedents lie within earlier conceptions of national development and women’s role within it which is consistently characterised by a reliance on voluntarism on the part of unspecified community actors. Thus, while the shifting of the onus of women’s development from community voluntarism to small group voluntarism is an important feature of the contemporary period, it does, at another level, extend the trajectory of state policy that has failed to take central responsibility for working women in rural India. Parallel to the shifts in the conception of the rural woman as a receptacle of policy to a consumer of development initiatives through the post-Independence decades is thus the persistence of a half-baked notion of the rural working woman.

Competition and Cooperation Among Working Women in the Context of Structural Adjustment: The Case of Street Vendors in la Paz-El Alto, Bolivia

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 259-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Agadjanian
Keyword(s):  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Social Body ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Competition And Cooperation ◽  
The Social ◽  
El Alto

This case study of women street vendors in La Paz-El Alto, Bolivia, examines the dynamics of competition and cooperation among this group of poor working women in the context of economic structural adjustment and political pluralization. It is argued that the economic and political reforms not only increase street vendors’insecurities, but may also undermine the potential for their broad-based solidarity and collective actions. Extreme competition in the overcrowded street commerce, diminishing returns, and disillusionment with traditional forms of workers’ organization hinder cooperation among street vendors and fragment the social body of the street marketplace, often by further reinforcing its gender, class, ethnoracial, and religious fault lines.

The Influence of Specimen Thickness in Quantitative Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 112-113
Author(s):  
Nestor J. Zaluzec
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Light Element ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

The application of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) to light element analysis is rapidly becoming an important aspect of the microcharacterization of solids in materials science, however relatively stringent requirements exist on the specimen thickness under which one can obtain EELS data due to the adverse effects of multiple inelastic scattering.1,2 This study was initiated to determine the limitations on quantitative analysis of EELS data due to specimen thickness.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document