The Power of Experience? Innovative and Authoritative Leadership Values Among Danish Army Cadets

2020 ◽  
pp. 0095327X2095143
Author(s):  
Morten Brænder ◽  
Vilhelm Stefan Holsting
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Officer Corps ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
Authoritarian Leadership ◽  
Leadership Values ◽  
The Military ◽  
Noncommissioned Officer

Traditionally, the military is seen as an unequivocally authoritarian organization. With survey data collected at the Royal Danish Military Academy, this study shows that that is a qualified truth. Thus, cadets enrolled directly from the noncommissioned officer corps—those most acquainted with the norms of the armed forces—do not weigh authoritarian leadership values over nonauthoritarian ones. Instead, their view reflects that for the experienced leader, the context, and not overt ideals, enables them to choose the leadership tools they expect will prove most effective. On the contrary, cadets enrolled based on their civilian merits clearly prioritize authoritarian values. This is particularly true among cadets returning to the military after a break, former professionals, and former draftees alike. Their view also reflects experience, but a different kind of experience, as they have primarily encountered the military hierarchy from the receiving end.

Frelimo's Victories in Mozambique

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Richard W. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Officer Corps ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Military Duty ◽  
Junior Officer ◽  
Portuguese Colonialism ◽  
The Military ◽  
Commander In Chief

On May 17, 1970, Portuguese colonial forces in Mozambique numbering 50,000 and headed by the newly appointed Commander-in-Chief, General Kaulza de Arriaga launched a sweeping offensive against the areas in northern Mozambique held by FRELIMO, the Mozambique Liberation Front. Operation Gordian Knot was intended to crush the FRELIMO forces which had been operating in Mozambique since 1964. Now, four years after “Gordian Knot,” General de Arriaga has retired from the Portuguese armed forces. Following the coup that rocked Portugal on April 25 the new provisional Portuguese government has opened discussions with FRELIMO in Lusaka on the colonial problem. And FRELIMO forces are operating in strength in five districts of Mozambique—from Niassa and Cabo Delgado in the north, to Tete in the west, to Beira and Vila Pery in central Mozambique. The purpose of this article is to examine the Portuguese military defeat in Mozambique and the growing strength of FRELIMO, to look at the situation as it appears immediately following the coup in Portugal, and to briefly relate these developments to U.S. policy towards Portuguese colonialism.The most dramatic testimony of the Portuguese military failure is of course the coup in Portugal. Many accounts have noted that General Spinola's book, Portugal and the Future, which heralded the coup, made clear in its analysis that Portugal could not defeat the liberation movements militarily and that a political solution had to be sought. The signs of the erosion of Portugal's position have been evident: the feeling of “hopelessness” among Portuguese youth about the colonial wars; an estimated 100,300 draft resisters and deserters abroad added to the some one million expatriates working outside the country; an increasing tendency for troops in the field “to shy away from contact with the enemy, taking defensive stands only“; fewer than one hundred places taken in the military academy with room for four hundred; the massive discontent within the Portuguese junior officer corps about conditions of service; the growing refusal of military duty (one half of the last class called refused to report).

Professional Military Education in China: A Visit to the Military Academy of the People's Liberation Army

1980 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
William R. Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Military Training ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Education ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Officer Corps ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
Professional Military Education ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
The Military ◽  
Education In China

A key to understanding the armed forces of any nation may be found in the manner in which it selects and trains its senior military officers. Although China's military forces are unique in many respects, they are similar to those of other countries in that a great deal of emphasis is placed on professional military training for the officer corps. Comparatively little is known about precisely how the Chinese conduct this education.

scholarly journals Comparative characteristics of power capabilities of cadets of various sports sections (armsport, crossfit, kettlebell lifting, powerlifting)

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
V. P. Yahodzinskyi ◽  
O. M. Kisilyuk ◽  
D. P. Polozenko ◽  
O. A. Desyatka ◽  
V. O. Novytskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Intelligence ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Military ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Push Up

Power sports have always been very popular among servicemen. This is especially evident in recent times, when such power sports, as armsport, crossfit, kettlebell lifting, powerlifting have received some development. The article presents a comparative analysis of the power capabilities of cadets who specialize in various power sports. The study involved male cadets of the 4th year of various faculties (n=53) of the Military Academy (Odessa), who in the process of training were engaged in power sports: armsport (n=12), crossfit (n=16), kettlebell lifting (n=15), powerlifting (n = 10). In addition, the results of cadets-athletes were compared with the results of cadets of the faculty of training specialists of airborne assault troops and military intelligence and special purpose, who did not attend sports sections of the academy (n=60). Analysis of the power of the cadets was carried out on the following exercises: pull-up, lifting by coup, lifting by strength on the crossbar, 24 kg kettlebell snatch, push-up on the parallel bars, push-up. The conducted researches testified to the high level of development of power qualities of cadets of all sections of academy in power sports. There was no significant difference between the results of cadets of different power sports in most exercises. It is established that the power capabilities of cadets who are engaged in various power sports are significantly better than those of cadets who are not engaged in sports. This suggests that any of the studied power sports can be an effective means of developing and improving the power opportunities of future officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine

Iran: Imperial and Republican Civil–Military Relations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Officer Corps ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Senior Officer ◽  
The Face ◽  
Power Centers ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Military

Iran has traditionally been troubled by unstable civil–military relations throughout its history. In the past, even before the emergence of the academic study of civil–military relations, Iranian imperial monarchs attempted, but often failed to ensure complete oversight of their military forces, due to the nature of imperial rule with its multiple power centers, and to the existence of myriad military forces that were often not under the monarch’s control. The rise of a centralized state in the early 20th century under Reza Shah ensured the emergence of stability in civil–military relations by means of carrots and sticks. Under Mohammad Reza Shah (r.1941–1979), early civil–military relations were quite unstable due to political turmoil and the young ruler’s lack of confidence; in subsequent years, he managed to cement his control over the military by means of patronage, insulation from domestic politics, and stringent oversight of the senior officer corps. The Iranian revolution (1978–1979) succeeded, to a large extent, due to the Shah’s own failures and those of the senior officer corps, both of which were paralyzed in the face of massive political and social turmoil. The successor state, the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) achieved control over the armed forces through ideological control and oversight and the creation of institutionalized parallel military structures. Nonetheless, the IRI has faced and continues to face instability in civil–military relations due to war, domestic political and socioeconomic crises, and foreign pressures.

scholarly journals Media image of women in the Ministry of Defense and the Serbian Armed Forces

Vojno delo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Sanja Jevtović-Čanović ◽  
Ksenija Đurić-Atanasievski
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Military Establishment ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Way

The way media and journalism present and deal with certain topics can firmly reflect the dominant opinion on questions important in society. This paper examines the way media describes women in the Serbian Armed Forces. The authors postulate that the positive publicity in the media can contribute to achieving greater equality, as well as encouraging woman to choose military professions, while simultaneously improving the public image of the Serbian Armed Forces. This research covers items published in print and electronic Serbian media spanning from 2016. to 2018. Our research demonstrates that women in the Serbian Armed Forces are consistently present at the same percentage of the total amount of public reporting on military news and topics. Such result is a reflection of the societal acceptance of female enrolment in the Military Academy more than a decade ago, coupled with the implementation of two national Action Plans under the UN Security Councilˊs Resolution 1325 - Women, Peace and Security in the Republic of Serbia. It is the opinion of the authors that the image of women in traditionally male - dominant professions, such as the military, is viewed as positive. The majority of articles on women in the Army are noted to be issued during either highly publicized events, such as the promotion ceremony for the youngest officers of the Serbian Armed Forces in front of the National Assembly in Belgrade or during advertisements for enrolment in Military Schools and voluntary conscription. Overall, the image and role of women in the Army is viewed as more positive compared to articles of women in general and in other professions in Serbia. The results of this research have also indicated that some stereotyping exists, relating to the representation of women in media. Further improvements can be directed towards diversifying topics on women with the active support of the military establishment itself.

scholarly journals Efficiency of military-applied sports to increase the level of cadets’ special physical fitness

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
V. P. Yahodzinskyi ◽  
S. О. Yuriev ◽  
O. M. Kisilyuk ◽  
I. V. Hlibovuch ◽  
A. M. Nikitin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Modern conditions of military-professional (combat) activity of servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine require a high level of development of their physical and volitional qualities, as well as military-applied motor skills. The most effective for ensuring the development and formation of these qualities and skills of servicemen are military-applied sports. Military pentathlon is a modern military-applied sport that is popular among cadets. The article examines the impact of military pentathlon on the dynamics of cadets’ special physical fitness. The study was conducted at the Military Academy (Odessa) in 2016–2021. The study involved cadets (ages 17–24) who attended a military pentathlon sports section (experimental group (EG), n = 30). The level and dynamics of special physical training of EG cadets were checked according to the exercises that are competitive in military pentathlon, during the annual military pentathlon competitions for the championship of Military Academy. The assessment was carried out according to the following tests: shooting with an AK-74, overcoming an obstacle course of 500 m, swimming 50 m with obstacles, throwing grenades, cross-country 8 km. It was found that at the end of training at the academy EG cadets significantly improved (p≤0,001) indicators: in shooting – by 36.8 points, in overcoming the obstacle course 500 m – by 59.2 s, in swimming 50 m with obstacles – by 5.4 is, in throwing grenades – for 38.9 points, in cross-country for 8 km – for 7 min 21.3 s. This indicates the positive impact of military pentathlon on the level of special physical training of cadets and the formation of their military-applied motor skills.

Generating Reforms and Reforming Generations: Military Politics in Indonesia's Democratic Transition and Consolidation

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Chandra ◽  
Douglas Kammen
Keyword(s):  
Political Behavior ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The Political ◽  
Officer Corps ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
Military Politics ◽  
Military Structure ◽  
The Military ◽  
Compare And Contrast

This article examines the importance of the internal structural dynamics of the military in the analysis of transitions from nondemocratic rule and in democratic consolidation. The authors argues that factors endogenous to the military—including variations in the size of the officer corps, solidarity among graduating classes from the military academy, and promotional prospects—are important determinants of the political behavior of militaries. As a case study, military structure and politics during Indonesia's recent transition from nondemocratic rule and current consolidation of democracy are explored in detail. While the ongoing interaction between civilians and the military is acknowledged, systematic structural features are identified as being important for understanding the behavior of the Indonesian military between 1998 and 2001. The authors compare and contrast the study of Indonesia with other cases in the literature on transitions—including Ghana, Nigeria, Portugal, and Thailand—and discuss resulting implications for the study of transitions and consolidations.

scholarly journals Conscription in Turkey

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julide Yildirim ◽  
Bulent Erdinc
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Given

Following a brief account of the history and structure of Turkey's armed forces, the article reports on an effort to profile current conscripts using survey data. The samples suggest that over 50 percent of the conscripts believe that they would like to enlist beyond the conscription period, and 38 percent of those simply because they "like" the military, the highest percentage for any of the given reasons. It is, however, not known how many of the conscripts who say that they wish to reenlist will in fact reenlist once their term of conscription is fulfilled.

Striking the Right Balance: Of High Walls and Divisions of Labor

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1113-1116
Author(s):  
Ronald R. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Civilian Life ◽  
Officer Corps ◽  
Humanities And Social Sciences ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units

The academy and the military would seem to be radically different institutions. Militaries are fundamentally hierarchical: at the end of the day, orders must be obeyed. At least in principle—and the emphasis here is on principle, since anyone who has lived within the academy knows how far reality departs from this purported ideal—academic disciplines prize the questioning of presuppositions and foster an antiauthoritarian culture. In military units, individuals must sublimate themselves to the group. Scholarship, at least in the humanities and social sciences, is often a lonely enterprise, whose costs are borne by and whose rewards accrue to individuals. The contemporary US officer corps disproportionately identifies with the Republican Party, while academics tend to identify with Democrats, and sometimes farther to the left. Samuel Huntington (in)famously saw as inherent and necessary the cultural divergences between military and civilian life. This would all the more powerfully seem to apply to the armed forces and the academy, to uniform and gown.

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